scholarly journals Science of many names: Onomastic terms in the opinion journalism of the Czech National Corpus

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Jaroslav David ◽  
Tereza Klemensová ◽  
Michal Místecký
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Opinion Journalism ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract The contribution focuses on the use and collocation analysis of basic notions linked to the field of onomastics, including those that are specialized (e.g., “proprium”, “anthroponym”, “toponym”, “chrematonym”, etc.) and the ones that are commonly used (e.g., “proper name/naming”). In the latter case, attention will be paid to whether these terms are connected to onomastic contexts. In general, the research analyses sources where the lemmata are used, including their typical surroundings. The goal of the paper is to show how the public perceives onomastics, whether it is familiar with its key terms. The analysis is based on the data of the Czech National Corpus, version 8, opinion-journalism texts.

Comparing Intelligence Accountability

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-43
Author(s):  
Christian Leuprecht
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Legislative Committees ◽  
Institutional Architecture ◽  
Key Terms

This chapter reviews the literature of intelligence accountability, reviews different theories, and introduces readers to key terms such as oversight, review, control, and governance. This book complements the process of intelligence oversight—the practice of holding ISAs to account, whereby ISAs have to justify their activities—with other types and levels of accountability. Typologically, accountability bodies differ by ways and methods they use to hold ISAs accountable: they can review, oversee, or control Intelligence and Security Agencies (ISA), and/or accept and address complaints concerning actions or activities of an ISA. Although conventionally they assessed compliance within an intelligence community, as of late they have been performing additional functions, such as promoting innovation. The different types of accountability are complemented by various layers in which Intelligence and Security Agencies are held accountable: internal, managerial, and external. The chapter introduces readers to the institutional architecture of intelligence accountability: legislative committees, judicial and quasi-judicial bodies, bureaucratic and administrative bodies, and executive oversight. It goes on to review intelligence accountability frameworks: laws, legislatures, the executive, the judiciary, the media, the public, civil society, and the democratic interest. The chapter closes on developments in international and supranational accountability cooperation.

Investigating the Role of Big Data in Transportation Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (6) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Subasish Das ◽  
Greg P. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Quantified Analysis ◽  
Population Representation

Big data may offer solutions for many challenges for transportation safety, providing more data faster, with higher spatial and temporal resolution. However, researchers and practitioners identify biases in big data that need to be explored and examined before performing data-driven decision-making. Leveraging semi-structured interviews of big data experts, this study includes a quantified analysis of topic frequency and an evaluation of the reliability of concepts through two independently trained coders. To identify the trends in the unstructured textual contents, the research team developed a text mining pipeline to identify trends, patterns, and biases. The study identifies key terms experts use when describing the role of big data in transportation safety, how the terms relate to the big data experts’ language through network plots, and clustering shows a need to focus on sources, quality, analysis, and implementation of big data. Results show value in maintaining the centrality of transportation experts and the public to determine the proper goals and metrics to evaluate transportation safety. Practitioners and researchers can develop new methods to improve population representation with big data, in addition to addressing difficult transportation safety problems. Working ahead of emerging trends and technologies of big data could support further advancements in transportation safety.

The Politics of Scientific Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Suhay
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Values ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Personal Interests

This article discusses the various ways in which political concerns among government officials, scientists, journalists, and the public influence the production, communication, and reception of scientific knowledge. In so doing, the article covers a wide variety of topics, mainly with a focus on the U.S. context. The article begins by defining key terms under discussion and explaining why science is so susceptible to political influence. The article then proceeds to discuss: the government’s current and historical role as a funder, manager, and consumer of scientific knowledge; how the personal interests and ideologies of scientists can influence their research; the susceptibility of scientific communication to politicization and the concomitant political impact on audiences; the role of the public’s political values, identities, and interests in their understanding of science; and, finally, the role of the public, mainly through interest groups and think tanks, in shaping the production and public discussion of scientific knowledge. While the article’s primary goal is to provide an empirical description of these influences, a secondary, normative, goal is to clarify when political values and interests are or are not appropriate influences on the creation and dissemination of scientific knowledge in a democratic context.

scholarly journals Absence of inflexion of common nouns ending in a consonant: the boundary of the phenomenon in the modern Russian speech

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Elena Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Grammatical Variation ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Dynamic Language ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Language Description ◽  
Modern Russian

The study was based on the texts from the “Electronic corpus of Russian newspapers” (MSU project), “Integrum”, “Russian national corpus” and recordings of speech, from the beginning of the XXI century. The aim is to analyze the absence of inflexion of common nouns ending in a consonant. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the concerned phenomenon, previously peripheral, is becoming more and more frequent. The article describes the factors supporting indeclinability of nouns ending in a consonant: multi-functionality of a word, analogy with a proper name (onim), foreign graphics, fashion factor; as well as new categories of nouns ending in a consonant, which are used without inflexion. The analysis shows that in certain fields of the modern Russian language, deep mechanisms of traditional inflexion compete with analytical tendencies. The facts of grammatical variation of new foreign nouns prove it. The study was carried out in the framework of dynamic language description method.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Andrew Dean
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Self ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Literary Value ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
Key Terms

This chapter both gives an account of the critical treatment of post-World War II metafiction and introduces the key terms that guide the book. The existing critical debates about postwar metafiction have tended to emphasize metafiction’s incorporation of critical and philosophical discourse, and have suggested that it either makes the novel newly responsible to political communities or disables literature from intervening into political situations. More recent criticism based on literary institutions has tended to overlook key questions of literary value. The terms the chapter develops to renew discussion about postwar metafiction are ‘self of writing’ and ‘public author as signature’. These terms are derived from a reading of Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote and J. L. Borges’s ‘Borges and I’. The self of writing refers to the figure of the author that a writer may imagine exists independent of discourse. The public author as signature represents the public understandings of an author that emerge from biography and the author’s corpus itself.

IMPROVING FORECAST COMMUNICATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 1033-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN PENNESI
Keyword(s):  
Communication Styles ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
The Public ◽  
Climate Forecasting ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Inform Decision Making

One goal of weather and climate forecasting is to inform decision making. Effective communication of forecasts to various sectors of the public is essential for meeting that goal, yet studies repeatedly show that forecasts are not well understood by lay people. Using a case study from northeast Brazil, this article discusses some of the communication difficulties faced by forecasters and outlines an approach for adapting forecast language to users' needs and expectations. Analysis is based on data collected during 14 months of fieldwork, including interviews, a survey, and observations of meteorologists and local “rain prophets,” whose predictions are derived from empirical observations. The anthropological approach emphasizes the importance of language. For example, findings indicate that forecast communicators should look for multiple definitions of key terms that have common as well as technical meanings. Distinctions salient to meteorologists may be meaningless to the public, even when terms are clearly defined. In some cases, it maybe more helpful to work with lay concepts when communicating forecasts rather than dismissing such understandings as “incorrect.” Meteorologists should also recognize that scientific concepts are not accepted by everyone as the only correct way to think. This is especially relevant where scientific forecasts are competing with alternatives, such as those based on traditional knowledge. Finally, forecast communicators should develop the format and content of the forecast within each application. It is important to learn what people expect from forecasts and which communication styles are preferred.

scholarly journals The precedent name structure actualization (Based on the names from Macbeth by Shakespeare in BNC and COCA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Anna A. Matveyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Modern Fiction ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Associative Linkage

The article aims to investigate the peculiarities of the precedent name structure actualization on the material of the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Such components of the precedent name structure as relevant features (appearance, character, precedent situation) and attributes are under analysis. The frequency of the reference to each component of the precedent name structure has been calculated. It turned out that the precedent names of Shakespeare's “Macbeth” are most often actualized through the connection with the precedent situation and the least often – through character. 3 types of connections were identified between the precedent name and a proper name as its source: 1) full similarity of appearance / character / precedent situation between the original text and modern fiction from the corpora; 2) partial similarity of the features; 3) imaginativeness of the features. It has been discovered that when there is no direct connection between the appearance / character / precedent situation / attribute of the bearer of a precedent name and the bearer of the original proper name, the meaningful recurrence of a precedent name is ensured by a stable associative linkage and the invariant evaluation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of information disclosure in annual reports of extractive industry companies

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
E.A Fedorova ◽  
Yu.I Grishchenko ◽  
A.V Grishchenko ◽  
P.A Drogovoz
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Mandatory Disclosure ◽  
Extractive Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Terms

Purpose. To assess how public annual reports of Russian extractive industry issuers comply with the requirements for disclosure of information. To examine how the introduction of Corporate Governance Code affects the level of information disclosure in extractive industries. Methodology. The paper presents the dictionary compiled by the authors using text analysis. The dictionary contains 186 terms which are to be disclosed in compliance with the requirements of Russian law. To evaluate the level of information disclosure in annual reports of extractive industry issuers, the authors calculate mandatory disclosure index. Findings. In this work, based on the standards for disclosing non-financial information in public annual reports of issuers, the following results were obtained: 1. On the basis of regulatory enactments, key terms are identified that are subject to mandatory disclosure in the annual report of the issuer. 2. A methodology is developed for assessing the level of disclosure of non-financial information on the selected blocks based on textual analysis. 3. Assessment of information disclosure in the public annual reports of mining companies in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation was carried out. The rating of information disclosure has been built. Originality. The authors are the first to assess mandatory disclosure in 120 public annual reports of 12 largest extractive industry companies whose shares were traded in Moscow Exchange from 2009 to 2018. On the basis of regulatory enactments, key terms are identified that are subject to mandatory disclosure in the annual report of the issuer. A methodology is developed for assessing the level of disclosure of non-financial information on the selected blocks based on textual analysis. The assessment of information disclosure in the public annual reports of mining companies in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation was carried out. Practical value. The created library in Package R enables to evaluate disclosure of information in public annual reports for any period.

The Cosmopolitan Canopy of East Maritime Southeast Asia: Minority citizenship in the Phil-Indo Archipelago

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-104
Author(s):  
Bruce B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Square ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Autonomous Regions ◽  
Key Terms

In this article Lawrence examines the elusive yet decisive role of the public square. He explains that the “public square” is the crucial category for understanding the scale and scope of citizenship. Both Indonesia and the Philippines resemble other contemporary polities in so far as their subjects/citizens project public faith, or religion in the public square. Minorities, like their majority neighbors, are ‘pious patriots,’ but they are patriots first. Lawrence demonstrates that to understand minority citizenship, individual voices from both polities must be analyzed. In doing so, he questions whether they can be simply categorized as full-fledged citizens of nation-states. Key terms that define minority relations are IP (Indigenous People) for the Southern Philippines, and adat (native practices) for many of the newly autonomous regions within Indonesia. By examining both IP and adat, Lawrence underscores the benefits, but also reveals the shortcomings, of the public square as it functions throughout the Phil-Indo Archipelago. This study concludes with a projection of what future changes in the public square will augur, not only for the region but also for its neighbors.

scholarly journals Frekwencja oraz funkcje przyimków złożonych i wtórnych w sprawozdaniach administracyjnych

LingVaria ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
pp. 273-291
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wasilewska
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

Frequency and Functions of Compound and Complex Prepositions in Administrative ReportsThis paper examines the distribution and functions of compound and complex prepositions in Polish and EU administrative reports. The analysis is conducted in the corpus-based methodology using corpora of reports drafted by the Polish ministries and by the European Commission, and a large reference corpus – the National Corpus of Polish. The findings of the study show that in comparison to the reference corpus, reports demonstrate a strong tendency to use compound and complex prepositions. It is argued that frequent use of prepositions may be deemed a feature of the genre of administrative reports. Moreover, the study revealed that compound and complex prepositions serve mainly referential, causal, temporal, text deixis and measuring functions. This is in line with the main objective of administrative reports, i.e. communicating information to the public.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document