scholarly journals Analysis of Public Debt at Subnational Government Levels: Evidence from Cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Jasmin Halebić ◽  
Amina Moćević
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Subnational Government

AbstractTotal public debt of ten cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), one of the two entities in BiH, have substantially increased in recent years. Since it is relatively small in nominal terms, this galloping trend have not attracted enough attention of decision makers. If these developments continue in the future, the public debt at cantonal level in FBiH might create serious fiscal problems and become one of central issues for policy makers. This has motivated our investigation of determinants that caused the increase in public debt over the period 2012-2018.We apply a panel regression analysis and investigate how budget deficit, trade balance, unemployment rate, size of population and institutional changes affect public debt. We find that public debt is positively associated with budget deficit but negatively associated with trade balance, the size of population and institutional changes. These findings motivated policy recommendations presented in the paper.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Macroeconomic Factors In Economic Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alush Kryeziu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact

In this paper will be discussed the main concepts and trends of the macro-fiscal indicators in economic growth, as well as their importance in the economic development of different countries, with special emphasis in Kosovo. One of the aims of this paper is to define and explain the connection between macroeconomic indicators with specific emphasis: the public debt, budget deficit and inflation on economic growth. In order to analyze this impact of variables in economic growth, the targeted time period of research is the period from 2004 to 2014. While the data taken regarding Kosovo were obtained from the year 2005, due to the fact that earlier the data have been limited because of the developments in which Kosovo went through. The model that best represents the link between macro-fiscal indicators on economic growth is the linear regression as an econometric model. We will have the opportunity to see and interpret these data. The overall results have emerged in accordance with theoretical discussions presented, but this relationship has not turned out to be very strong because the coefficients acquired did not have great explanatory skills for economic phenomena.

CAUSES OF A PUBLIC DEBT AND BUDGET DEFICIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
Daniel Szybowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Deficit ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Debt Collection

The aim of the article is to present a problem concerning the reasons for the formation of public debt and the budget deficit. Public debt is undoubtedly caused by excessive expenses, which may be caused by the militarization of the economy, extensive administration or high social transfers. Rarely the cause may be too low taxes and other public revenues, the reasons for which may be very numerous, from too low effective tax rates through ineffective tax collection system, to narrowing the tax base caused by the falling level of gross domestic product production. The main reason for the public deficit is the failure to adjust the size of public expenditure to the profitability of the economy. This maladjustment may have a permanent character caused by the tendency to excessive expansion of public expenditure. Maladjustment may also have short-term character related to the alternate nature of economic development, which is expressed in the business cycle. Among the other sources and causes of the public deficit may be distinguished low efficiency of public spending, low efficiency of public debt collection and the burden of budget expenditure on the costs of already existing public debt.

scholarly journals Papers please: Predictive factors for the uptake of national and international COVID-19 immunity and vaccination passports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Michael Garrett ◽  
Joshua Paul White ◽  
Simon Dennis ◽  
Stephan Lewandowsky ◽  
Cheng-Ta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Representative Samples

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries are introducing digital passports that allow citizens to return to normal activities if they were previously infected with (immunity passport) or vaccinated against (vaccination passport) SARS-CoV-2. To be effective, policy decision makers must know whether immunity and vaccination passports will be widely accepted by the public, and under what conditions? We collected representative samples across six countries – Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom – during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic to assess attitudes towards the introduction of immunity passports. Immunity passport support was moderate-to-low, ranging from 51% in the UK and Germany, down to 22% in Japan. Bayesian generalized linear mixed effects modelling controlling for each country showed neoliberal world views, personal concern and perceived virus severity, the fairness of immunity passports, and willingness to become infected to gain an immunity passport, were all predictive factors of immunity passport support. By contrast, gender (woman), immunity passport concern, and risk of harm to society predicted a decrease in support for immunity passports. Minor differences in predictive factors were found between countries. These findings will help policy makers introduce effective immunity passport policies in these six countries and around the world.

scholarly journals CHALLANGES FACING THE EMERGING ECONOMY DURING COVID-19 THE CASE OF JORDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Basem Al-Lozi ◽  
Sheren Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges of the Jordanian economy during COVID-19. The Jordanian economy may have to face different scenarios in his macro-environment. Specifically, the study focused on the impact COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy. Methodology: An exploratory research method was used to build three scenarios. The sample randomly selected from Jordanians in the capital of Jordan Amman. The study divided the sample to three groups and asking them three questions related to the expectations of the impact of COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy for the coming years. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of respondents (55.2%) are optimistic that the COVID-19 will finish and Jordan economy will be booming. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Recommendations were provided for Jordanian policy makers to deal scenarios. For example Jordan government and policy makers has to be pragmatic, and work toward lowering level of expectations among Jordanian economy to avoid the negative impact of COVID-19 on the economy. Cooperation between the public sector and private sector in implementing the instructions of the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health to decrease the number of cases to open more sectors which will have a positive impact on the Jordanian economy.

scholarly journals Welfare State and Epistemic Communities of Fiscal Austerity in Brazil: from Lula da Silva to Jair Bolsonaro (2003-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-216
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Santos Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Fiscal Austerity ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Welfare State

Abstract This article is based on a theoretical-conceptual framework and empirically grounded research to analyze the construction of discourse and institutional insertion of ideas from epistemic communities of fiscal austerity in Brazil, given the recent upsurge in liberal-orthodox policies and their repercussions for the welfare state. The study explores who these actors and institutions are, how they act, how they are organized, and who trains or finances them. The main objective is to unveil how the ideas in defense of fiscal constriction were formulated and disseminated, starting after the first term (2003-2006) of President Lula da Siva’s government (2003-2010), when developmentalist policies replaced the neoliberal convention. The ideas of fiscal constriction were intensified during the government of President Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016), and gained characteristics of a unified proposal, materialized in the austerity program Uma Ponte para o Futuro (2015) (a bridge to the future). After President Rousseff’s impeachment in 2016, policy-makers in the government President Michel Temer and his successor Jair Bolsonaro rapidly put forward the austerity program. The epistemic communities of fiscal austerity argue that the public policies outlined in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution are the main cause of the increase in spending on welfare, the accelerated growth of public debt, and the probable insolvency of the country.

EFFECTS OF A PUBLIC DEBT AND DEFICIT BUDGET

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Daniel Szybowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Level

The aim of the article is to present a problem concerning the effects of the public debt and the budget deficit. The public debt is a result of the lack of adequate income earned by the financial sector, what means that it must incur liabilities to be able to carry out its tasks or improper management of the state budget funds - what results in the budget deficit. The size of the state's debt and the public debt has a very large impact on the socio-economic situa-tion of the country as well as on its financial policy. Due to the high indebtedness of the state, the whole economy is disturbed, the state authorities are not able to allocate an adequate amount of the funds to stimulate invest-ments. Such actions slow down the dynamics of economic development, what means that the state authorities most often look for savings. Unfortunately, this usually happens at the expense of the ordinary(?) citizens. Countries that have a high level of the debts tend to lose their credibility internationally. This may result in the fall in the foreign investments and the outflow of the foreign capital.

scholarly journals Outside the Gates of Europe, the Weapons Speak : Metaphorical Conceptualizations of Ukraine and Russia in German Media Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Krause
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

The world of global politics is composed of complex, interrelated and events. To obtain information, to form an opinion and to react to recent developments, policy makers as well as the public depend on news media. Decisions in the field of global politics, therefore, are based on perceptions and beliefs rather than on objective assessments. The following study takes the example of the German print media, analysing the German perception of Russia and Ukraine within the context of the ongoing Ukraine conflict. The current political development in Ukraine is complex, driven by geopolitical, economical and ideological factors. A mediation of these events by news media therefore requires a drastic reduction of complexity to inform readers and decision-makers on developments in this region. Through examination of conceptual metaphors used in the representation of the conflict, this study seeks to better understand how the two main state actors are comprehended and portrayed in German media discourse.

scholarly journals PUBLIC DEBT MARKET AND BUDGET DEFICIT FINANCING TOOLS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19(47)) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Hantsiak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Market ◽  
The Government

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to determine the essence and place of the public debt market in the financial market. Achievement is ensured by the implementation of tasks: systematization of views of domestic and foreign scientists on the essence of the place of public debt in the classification system of financial market segments; study of the structure of the financial market in terms of segments that ensure the implementation of debt financing of public debts; development of a theoretical approach to the structure of the public debt market. The article considers and systematizes the views of scientists concerning the place of the state morgue market in the financial market. The article substantiates the need to supplement the classification features for financial market segmentation in terms of complementing the target of market participants and identifying segments: the market for attracting financial resources to cover the state budget deficit (public debt market); the market for attracting financial resources to increase private capital. The concept of the public debt market is defined and its structure is proposed in general and detailed form. In general, the structure of the public debt market covers the debt securities market and the external credit market. The government debt securities market is a segment of the securities market, which in turn can also be classified. The same can be said about the external segment of the credit market. However, if the government debt securities market is fully owned by the public debt market, then the external segment of the credit market is only partially owned. The detailed structure of the public debt market is also presented. Conclusions are drawn and the directions of further scientific research in this direction are indicated.

The Case for Considering Education and Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily B. Zimmerman ◽  
Steven H. Woolf ◽  
Sarah M. Blackburn ◽  
April D. Kimmel ◽  
Andrew J. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oriented Research

Awareness of the impact of education on health remains relatively low among the public, professionals, and policy makers. Virginia Commonwealth University’s Center on Society and Health sought to raise awareness among key decision makers about the impact of education on health outcomes through its Education and Health Initiative (EHI). EHI utilized four key strategies to raise awareness: user-oriented research, strategic communication, local and national stakeholder engagement, and policy outreach to decision makers. We review the research highlighted in four stages of EHI product releases, as well as the development, process, products, and key outcomes associated with this initiative.

scholarly journals Anticipating employment location patterns in economic regions: modeling complex dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Kaufman ◽  
Miron Kaufman ◽  
Mark Salling
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Dynamic Network Model ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Employment Location ◽  
Economic Regions

Abstract Complex social-ecological systems—such as cities and regions—change in time whether or not we intervene through plans and policies. This is due in part to the numerous individual and organizational actors who make self-interested, unilateral decisions. Public decision makers are expected to act in the public interest and are accountable to constituents. They need the ability to explore alternatives, select ones that are likely to benefit the public, and avoid or mitigate negative outcomes. Predicting processes and outcomes in the context of complex systems is risky, however, and mistakes can be costly. Switching from prediction of specific future states to anticipation of possible ranges of futures may help contend with the uncertainties inherent in these systems. We propose here a dynamic network model for generating ranges of possible futures for employment location in an economic region. The model can be used to anticipate employment location effects of various policies. First, using historical (2002–2015) number and location of jobs in two rather different metropolitan areas, we calibrate the model for each and validate it against actual data. Having found that the model performs well, we show how policy makers can use it to ask what-if questions regarding proposed policies to either attract businesses to specific locations or discourage them from locating in parts of the region.

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