scholarly journals Outside the Gates of Europe, the Weapons Speak : Metaphorical Conceptualizations of Ukraine and Russia in German Media Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Krause
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

The world of global politics is composed of complex, interrelated and events. To obtain information, to form an opinion and to react to recent developments, policy makers as well as the public depend on news media. Decisions in the field of global politics, therefore, are based on perceptions and beliefs rather than on objective assessments. The following study takes the example of the German print media, analysing the German perception of Russia and Ukraine within the context of the ongoing Ukraine conflict. The current political development in Ukraine is complex, driven by geopolitical, economical and ideological factors. A mediation of these events by news media therefore requires a drastic reduction of complexity to inform readers and decision-makers on developments in this region. Through examination of conceptual metaphors used in the representation of the conflict, this study seeks to better understand how the two main state actors are comprehended and portrayed in German media discourse.

Private Agricultural R&D: Do the Poor Benefit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock R. Anderson ◽  
Regina Birner ◽  
Latha Najarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl E. Pray
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Private agricultural research and development can foster the growth of agricultural productivity in the diverse farming systems of the developing world comparable to the public sector. We examine the extent to which technologies developed by private entities reach smallholder and resource-poor farmers, and the impact they have on poverty reduction. We critically review cases of successfully deployed improved agricultural technologies delivered by the private sector in both large and small developing countries for instructive lessons for policy makers around the world.

scholarly journals Group multicriteria model for allocating resources to combat drought in the Brazilian semi-arid region

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Edson Espíndola Gonçalo ◽  
Danielle Costa Morais
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Multicriteria Model ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe world is facing a growing water scarcity problem in the most diverse regions. The Rio Grande do Norte (RN), a Brazilian semi-arid region, is facing its severest drought in the last 100 years. Given this context, managing water resources and combating the effects of the drought have become even more important. Decisions made in this context may involve multiple criteria established by more than one decision-maker. To tackle this issue, a multicriteria model for group decisions is proposed in order to rank the municipalities of the region and thus guide the public administration's efforts in tackling the drought and mitigating its effects. The applicability of the model is exemplified by studying the Apodi-Mossoró river basin, for which the PROMETHEE GDSS method was selected and the preferences of three decision-makers were calculated.

Issue Salience and Political Decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Moniz ◽  
Christopher Wlezien
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Decisions

Salience refers to the extent to which people cognitively and behaviorally engage with a political issue (or other object), although it has meant different things to different scholars studying different phenomena. The word originally was used in the social sciences to refer to the importance of political issues to individuals’ vote choice. It also has been used to designate attention being paid to issues by policy makers and the news media, yet it can pertain to voters as well. Thus, salience sometimes refers to importance and other times to attention—two related but distinct concepts—and is applied to different actors. The large and growing body of research on the subject has produced real knowledge about policies and policy, but the understanding is limited in several ways. First, the conceptualization of salience is not always clear, which is of obvious relevance to theorizing and limits assessment of how (even whether) research builds on and extends existing literature. Second, the match between conceptualization and measurement is not always clear, which is of consequence for analysis and impacts the contribution research makes. Third, partly by implication, but also because the connections between research in different areas—the public, the media, and policy—are not always clear, the consequences of salience for representative democracy remain unsettled.

Buy Bribes or Bye-Bye Bribes: The Future Status of Bribery in International Commerce

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Weber ◽  
Kathleen Getz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
International Business ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ethical Justification ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Status

Abstract:Bribery in international business has become a priority concern among business, government, and community leaders. While discussions among philosophers often emphasize the ethical justification for banning bribery, policy-makers around the world are challenging it on the basis of its effects for economic development. In this paper we define bribery, trace recent efforts by the public, private, and civil society sectors to curb it, and attempt to answer the question: Will bribery become less common?

Aviation and Tourism Policies: Balancing the Benefits

1994 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Radical Transformation

Aviation and tourism have long been seen as interdependent segments of one single industry. Increasingly, the World Tourism Organization and its member governments recognise that developments in aviation will significantly affect the nature and growth of tourism. Aviation and Tourism Policies makes an important contribution to the growing worldwide debate on aviation and tourism policy issues. This publication reviews recent developments in aviation, such as changes in air transport regulation, and examines the rationale behind the various controls imposed on air services and the reasons for the current radical transformation of the industry throughout the world. A review of past and present policies pursued in a representative group of countries helps illustrate the difficulties many governments have in balancing the interests of their national airlines and the optimum development of their tourism industries. In addition, a number of simple models designed to assist countries in evaluating effective policy directions are presented. Aviation and Tourism Policies offers an effective methodology for the measurement and comparison of the costs and benefits of policy options, and will become a vital guide to the dynamics between aviation and tourism in the modern context. It will be of importance for students of tourism management and policy-makers alike.

Thinking Outside the Cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850173
Author(s):  
John E. Silvia ◽  
Azhar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Financial Crisis ◽  
It Revolution

Sounds that we hear on the radio are the product of music being superimposed on carrier waves. In a similar way, the economic cycles we have seen in recent decades have been carried on the evolution of the information technology (IT). In this paper, we put forth our view that the current financial crisis is driven by a structural change from outside of the financial world. Developments that alter the path of economic growth of the world are deemed to be structural changes. We believe that the IT revolution was a structural change in this sense of altering the path of growth and has been a root cause of the two most recent business cycles. An important factor that is often missed is the causal (cause and effect) relationship between various sectors and fields, which will prove to be important for decision-makers, policy-makers and researchers.

scholarly journals A framework to support alien species regulation: the Risk Analysis for Alien Taxa (RAAT)

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 213-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Kumschick ◽  
John R. U. Wilson ◽  
Llewellyn C. Foxcroft
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Framework

Human livelihoods and well-being in almost all regions of the world depend on taxa which are alien. Such taxa also, however, threaten human health, sustainable development, and biodiversity. Since it is not feasible or desirable to control all alien taxa, decision-makers increasingly rely on risk analyses to formalise the best available evidence of the threats posed and whether and how they can be managed. There are a variety of schemes available that consider the risks of alien taxa, but we argue a new framework is needed: 1) given major recent developments in international frameworks dealing with biological invasions (including the scoring of impacts); 2) so that decisions can be made consistently across taxa, regions and realms; 3) to explicitly set out uncertainties; and 4) to provide decision-makers with information both on the risks posed and on what can be done to mitigate or prevent impacts. Any such scheme must also be flexible enough to deal with constraints in capacity and information. Here we present a framework to address these points – the Risk Analysis for Alien Taxa (RAAT). It outlines a series of questions related to an alien taxon’s likelihood of invasion, realised and potential impacts, and options for management. The framework provides a structure for collating relevant data from the published literature to support a robust, transparent process to list alien taxa under legislative and regulatory requirements, with the aim that it can be completed by a trained science graduate within a few days. The framework also provides a defensible process for developing recommendations for the management of assessed taxa. We trialled the framework in South Africa and outline the process followed and some of the taxa assessed to date.

scholarly journals Information Aggregation with Delegation of Votes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Dhillon ◽  
Grammateia Kotsialou ◽  
Dimitris Xefteris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Information Aggregation ◽  
The State ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Liquid Democracy

Recent developments in blockchain technology have made possible greater progress on secure electronic voting, opening the way to better ways of democratic decision making. In this paper we formalise the features of ``liquid democracy'' which allows voters to delegate their votes to other voters, and we explore whether it improves information aggregation as compared to direct voting. We consider a two-alternative setup with truth-seeking voters (informed and uninformed) and partisan ones (leftists and rightists), and we show that delegation improves information aggregation in finite elections. We also propose a mechanism that further improves the information aggregation properties of delegation in private information settings, by guaranteeing that all vote transfers are from uninformed to informed truth-seeking voters. Delegation offers effective ways for truth-seeking uninformed voters to boost the vote-share of the alternative that matches the state of the world in all considered setups and hence deserves policy makers' attention.

scholarly journals Papers please: Predictive factors for the uptake of national and international COVID-19 immunity and vaccination passports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Michael Garrett ◽  
Joshua Paul White ◽  
Simon Dennis ◽  
Stephan Lewandowsky ◽  
Cheng-Ta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Representative Samples

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries are introducing digital passports that allow citizens to return to normal activities if they were previously infected with (immunity passport) or vaccinated against (vaccination passport) SARS-CoV-2. To be effective, policy decision makers must know whether immunity and vaccination passports will be widely accepted by the public, and under what conditions? We collected representative samples across six countries – Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom – during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic to assess attitudes towards the introduction of immunity passports. Immunity passport support was moderate-to-low, ranging from 51% in the UK and Germany, down to 22% in Japan. Bayesian generalized linear mixed effects modelling controlling for each country showed neoliberal world views, personal concern and perceived virus severity, the fairness of immunity passports, and willingness to become infected to gain an immunity passport, were all predictive factors of immunity passport support. By contrast, gender (woman), immunity passport concern, and risk of harm to society predicted a decrease in support for immunity passports. Minor differences in predictive factors were found between countries. These findings will help policy makers introduce effective immunity passport policies in these six countries and around the world.

scholarly journals Lessons from COVID-19 Pandemic: A Preliminary Analysis of Bangladesh’s Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Rifat Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crisis Responses ◽  
Second Wave

The first wave of the COVID- 19 disease has caused a daunting and unprecedented challenge for governments of the world. Decision-makers worldwide, including that of Bangladesh, had to initiate responses that were beyond the conventional measures. This paper offers the decision-makers in Bangladesh on the possible learning in the field of crisis management during this pandemic. The paper aims in focusing on the first phase of responses to COVID-19 (March-May) from the initial lockdown to the reopening of offices by the government of Bangladesh. Methodologically, the paper is a content analysis involving netnography approach of data collection from websites. The paper presents a finding of possible lessons of crisis responses in Bangladesh. The paper aims to create an agenda for learning lessons from the situation of the largest crisis to hit the world in centuries. The paper induces substantial value for policy-makers to be prepared for the second wave of the COVID- 19 crisis, to meet the challenges of the pandemic.

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