scholarly journals Digital Economy and Society: Baltic States in the EU Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jevgenija Česnauskė
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Research purpose. The high penetration of the Internet and increased level of use of digital devices create conditions for the development of the digital economy and society. Understanding and management of this model are essential whilst seeking to compete in the global market and to ensure a high standard of living for citizens. However, despite the opportunities presented by the digital economy, the Baltic States have not yet fully exploited the potential of digital technologies for sustainable development. The purpose of this research is to assess the progress of the Baltic States towards developing a digital economy and society and to identify areas requiring priority investments and action. Design/Methodology/Approach. The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) published by the European Commission is used to explore the potential of the digital economy. It is an index measuring progress in digital performance through five components: connectivity, human capital, use of internet, integration of digital technology and digital public services. DESI is a crucial tool to reflect the performance of the Baltic States in the context of other European countries. Findings. The survey shows the individual performance of each Baltic country and compares them amongst themselves as well as with other EU countries. Estonia has the highest DESI when compared with other Baltic countries; however, lower scores in connectivity and integration of digital technology components are observed. Lithuania scores high in the integration of digital technology, whereas the human capital component remains lower. Latvia is a leader amongst connectivity but descents to other Baltic countries in human capital and integration of digital technology components. Originality/Value/Practical implications. The digital economy remains a widely discussed topic; however, a lack of unanimous scientific definition and detailed research on this economic model complicates understanding of digital technologies. It is essential for each government to analyse the model and focus on the improvement of the digital economy in order to ensure that the country remains digitally competitive in the world.

scholarly journals EXPLORATION OF HEALTHY AGEING DETERMINANTS IN BALTIC STATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 414-427
Author(s):  
Madara Miķelsone ◽  
Diāna Baltmane ◽  
Ieva Reine ◽  
Sigita Sniķere ◽  
Andrejs Ivanovs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Ability ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity ◽  
The Baltic

According to the WHO, healthy ageing is characterized by such interrelated determinants as intrinsic capacity, functional ability and environment. An individual's intrinsic capacity is a powerful predictor of the future ageing process and includes 5 areas - cognitive, psychological, sensory, locomotion and vitality. Exploration of these areas can provide necessary information for therapeutic and preventive actions that can be tailored to an individual's needs, priorities and values to support participation and quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare healthy ageing determinants of older individuals in the Baltic States. The research was based on the sample of older individuals (50 years and older) from wave 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) during the period from November 2019 to March 2020. The obtained results indicate a low level/poor results in such determinants as locomotion, sensory, vitality and functional ability (more than 50% of the respondents among the Baltic countries has poor health, various long-term illnesses, limitations in daily activities, suffer from moderate or severe pain, requires help to meet daily needs, etc.), has various behavioral risks, however has higher assessment of cognitive and psychological determinants.

scholarly journals Russian soft power in the Baltic States through the lens of research: traditions, competition, confrontation

Baltic Region ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Vorotnikov ◽  
Natalia A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
The Baltic

In this article, we aim to analyse the research discourse in the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) as regards Russian soft power, which is considered as hard power, and to compare the theses that dominate this discourse with the actual interactions between Russia and the three states in media, education, and culture. Each Baltic country has built a system of political and legal restrictions to diminish the effect of Russian soft power, which is considered in terms of hard power, i.e. as a threat to national security. The current forms of Russian soft power are becoming less productive in the region and their use in the negative political context of bilateral relations has the opposite effect for Russia – the country loses in reputation and image. The main factor at play is the information content of the Russian-language media space. At odds with the historical and political views of a significant part of the Baltic States’ ruling class, it is becoming the target of counteraction. At the same time, Russian high and mass culture and, partly, educational services are in demand from both Baltic Russian speakers and ethnic Lithuanians, Latvians, and Estonians. Our analysis shows that the views of Baltic researchers that Russian soft power is politics-driven and foreign to the region are exaggerated and biased. In its turn, Russian soft power in the Baltics retains the potential to aid the country’s foreign policy, being a complement to the latter rather than its direct tool.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact Mechanism and Application of Financial Digitization and Optimization on Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Qiuxia Li
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Scale Economy ◽  
Financing Constraints ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scope Economy ◽  
Financial Technology

Background. With the continuous advancement of digital technology and the accelerated development of digital finance, the rise of digital finance has had a vital impact on the true evolution of SMEs. The digital economy has a significant positive impact on the productivity of SMEs. Method. This article first analyzes the digital level of SMEs, studies the incentive effect of digital finance on the level of technological revolution of SMEs, and analyzes the mitigation effect of digital finance evolution on the financing constraints of SMEs. At the same time, it also studies how to develop the digital economy and achieve high-quality business evolution. Result. The digital economy can promote the growth of enterprise productivity through four indirect ways: scale economy effect, scope economy effect, technological revolution effect, and management benefit effect. Conclusion. The Financial Technology Optimization program helps financial leaders adopt new digital technologies to optimize financial processes while minimizing disruption.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of methods to identify road sections with high accidents risk: a case study of E67 Estonia–Latvia–Lithuania corridor

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Maria Pashkevich ◽  
Anton Pashkevich
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

E67 road is a strategically important part of a North Sea – Baltic Core Network Corridor, connecting the three Baltic States with Finland, on the one hand, and with North Eastern Poland, on the other. So-called Via Baltica corridor services more than 30 000 vehicles per day being one of the major arteries for transit and heavy good vehicles transport in the region. Annually around 8 000 road accidents with casualties occur in the three Baltic States with more than 500 fatalities a year. Relatively high road safety risk exposure requires more efficient management of infrastructure safety issues. The three Baltic States use either black spot management (BSM) or network safety management (NSM) or a combination of these two approaches to treat dangerous road sections of the network. In this article three methodologies used in the Baltic countries for dangerous road sections and spots identification were described. Quantitative analysis of dangerous sections/spots identified by the three methodologies was performed for the whole Via Baltica corridor to reveal the differences between the methods used.

My address is the Soviet Union – or is it? Baltic identity in souvenir production within the Soviet discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 135918352110524
Author(s):  
Triin Jerlei
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Vernacular Culture ◽  
New Type ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Local Materials

In the 1960s, tourism in the Soviet Union underwent radical changes. While previously the focus had been on showcasing the rapid modernization of the empire, this new type of tourism focused on introducing foreigners to the regional vernacular culture in the Soviet Union. As the number of tourists increased, the need for wider mass production of souvenirs emerged. This research focuses on the identity of souvenirs produced in Baltic states as a case study for identifying the existence and nature of regionalism within the Soviet system. This study found that within Baltic souvenir production, two separate types of identities manifested. Firstly, the use of national or vernacular symbols was allowed and even promoted throughout the Soviet Union. A famous slogan of the era was ‘Socialist in content, national in form’, which suggested that national form was suitable for conveying socialist ideals. These products were usually made of local materials and employed traditional national ornament. However, this research identified a secondary identity within the souvenirs manufactured in the Baltic countries, which was based on a shared ‘European past’. The symbol often chosen to convey it was the pre-Soviet Old Town, which was in all three states based on Western and Central European architectural traditions. This research suggests that this European identity validated through the use of Old Town as a recurring motif on souvenirs, distinguished Baltic states from the other regions of the Soviet Union. While most souvenirs manufactured in the Soviet Union emphasized the image of locals as the exotic ‘Other’, Baltic souvenirs inspired by Old Town conveyed the idea of familiarity to European tourists.

scholarly journals Comparing the socialist rural architecture of the Baltic States: the past and the future of the administrative-cultural centres of collective farms.

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 11004
Author(s):  
Laura Ingerpuu
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Collective Farming ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Collective Farms

Collectivisation of agriculture in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania was a drastic change that shaped rural built landscapes of the Baltic countries for five decades. Although Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been independent states, and collective farming has been abolished for almost thirty years now, the physical legacy of collective farms still exists. This paper examines what are the present processes in terms of preservation and valorisation of collective farm architectural heritage in the Baltic States. The focus of the analysis is on the administrativecultural buildings of the collective farms, built between the 1960s and 1990s, which represent the modernist and postmodernist rural architectural gems. I compare the context of the establishment of the administrative-cultural centres in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania as well as developments in reuse and protection of these buildings after the abolishment of collective farming. I also analyse today's situation in terms of acceptance of this socialist legacy as a meaningful part of the history. My study is based on the field work in the relevant countries, available literature and data, and interviews conducted with the heritage conservation experts and researchers in this field.

scholarly journals Company’s intellectual capital impact on market value of Baltic countries listed enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Mačerinskienė ◽  
Simona Survilaitė
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
The Baltic

Research background: Currently the topic of a company’s intellectual capital is being widely investigated by various researchers. Nevertheless, only a small number of studies on the company’s intellectual capital impact on its market value were conducted. What is more, the concept of a company’s intellectual capital itself is not unified. There are some discrepancies in defining a company’s intellectual capital, unifying structural model of the company’s intellectual capital, and harmonizing the research methods and models of how to evaluate a company’s intellectual capital. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to examine various scientific approaches of the company’s intellectual capital and its impact on the market value of a respective company; to prepare a model of company’s intellectual capital and its impact on the market value. What is more, the aim of this article is to check and test the model effectiveness using an example of the Baltic States listed companies. Methods: Data on 58 Baltic States’ companies that are listed in Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange were taken as the basis of the research. Based on four component model (human capital, structural capital, juridical capital, relational capital) a set of indicators for assessing company’s intellectual capital was formed. Expert evaluation was used in order to assign weights for different structural parts of intellectual capital. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in order to find out what factors are the most significant for a company’s intellectual capital. In order to find out how specific elements affect company’s intellectual capital, a pair-wise multiple correlation and regression analysis were used. An average comparison method was used to reveal differences between companies of different countries. Findings & Value added: The study contributes to the Baltic States’ knowledge on intellectual capital. It was detected that it is appropriate to use human capital, structural capital, juridical capital, and relational capital structural parts as components of company’s intellectual capital while investigating its impact on market value of a respective company. According to the obtained results, the model of a company’s intellectual capital and its impact on the market value was created, optimized, and its validity checked using exploratory factor analysis. The model was used to test the Baltic States listed companies and how their intellectual capital affects the market value. It was identified that intellectual capital in the listed companies of the Baltic States has a positive impact on their market value. Nevertheless, the study revealed that intellectual capital structural parts do not equally affect the market value of listed companies. The findings support the conclusion that human capital and relational capital have the greatest influence on the market value of listed companies. Companies where structural capital comprises the largest proportion of intellectual capital had lower levels of intellectual capital aggregated index, which could be examined in future studies.

scholarly journals The Role of the Elites in Choosing the Foreign Policy Priorities of the Baltic States

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-616
Author(s):  
Vadim A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
The Baltic

The author analyzed the role of the elites of the Baltic countries in the choice of foreign policy priorities in the period after the declaration of independence. The process of determining the course towards the Euro-Atlantic is inscribed in the sub-regional context, taking into account the current Russian-Baltic political interaction. The study of power groups was carried out on the basis of an examination of large-scale socio-political transformations along with an analysis of individual practices. A comprehensive study of the transformation of the political elites of Baltic states as small countries, involves consideration of both the domestic and foreign policy aspects. The thesis is put forward that, despite a number of differences in the Baltic states, since the 1990s there were similar processes of transformation of political elites. The elite formation was due to the principle of state continuity as continuity with the pre-war regimes of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia and as a break with the Soviet period, including the EuroAtlantic course as the key priority of the foreign policy. The consolidation of deep divisions in the societies of the Baltic states - ethnic, linguistic, political - was the result of the elite struggle for power in the 1990s. After the implementation of the idea of Back to the West the elites of the Baltic states replaced it with a Russian threat, which made it possible to postpone overcoming internal divisions fraught with weakening of their power.

scholarly journals Demographic Determinants of Creativity: The Analysis of the Development of Creative Potential and Forecast for the Baltic States

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Vladimirs Rojenko ◽  
Aleksandrs Dahs
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantages

Abstract Human capital, affected by the demographic determinants, nowadays becomes a novel driver of change and regional development. Changes in the modern economy determine the future leading role of human capital, especially its creative dimension in the development of modern, sustainable competitive advantages of countries and regions. Considering the negative demographical tendencies in the Baltic States, the aim of this paper is to analyse and forecast the development of creative potential in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Our methodology is based on the estimation of a regression model describing the relations between Global Creativity Index (GCI) and its components with the available demographic data in 28 European Union member countries. Model estimation results indicate a particular importance of population age composition for all GCI components, while education attainment levels appear to be highly significant for the technology and talent components. Using the estimated model parameters, authors elaborate a simple forecast for the three Baltic States using the current demographic projections, while outlining the strengths and potential weaknesses of each country in the long-term perspective.

scholarly journals MARKETING ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING TOURISM SERVICES MARKET IN UKRAINE & THE BALTIC COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ganna Gorina ◽  
Valentina Barabanova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Model ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Methodological Principle ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Tourism Services

Under the conditions of modern European integration processes, the quality of providing tourism services, which should meet the requirements of the population as much as possible, gains momentum. The regulation of tourism development in Ukraine according to European standards and regulations impose the task of upgrading the tourism industry, search for innovative instruments to improve its functioning based on the best European practices example of the Baltic States. Marketing approaches in managing the demand for tourism services by means of innovative technologies are insufficiently defined. Among the scholars who investigated the marketing aspects in the field of tourism activities should be distinguished the following: N. E. Kudla, I. Yu. Martynov, O. M. Pravyk, I. M. Shkoda and so on. The methodology is based on a systematic approach to the market for tourist services, marketing analysis as a management concept for this market, on the use of modelling as a methodological principle and a method of scientific knowledge. The mechanisms of increasing the efficiency of marketing activities in the field of tourism through the structural-functional model and model of management of the marketed approach system are determined. At the present stage, the issues of finding and implementing modern mechanisms for the formation and management of demand for a tourism product remain unsolved. Results. The article is aimed at developing innovative methods for managing the process of implementing marketing approaches to the market for tourist services in Ukraine. Priority is the development of mechanisms for the formation of demand for tourism products through marking technologies. The authors developed a system of marking approaches, which includes the factors of the effectiveness of travel services; marking methods and techniques; forms of realization of tourist services. The mechanism of formation and management of demand for a tourist product, as well as communicative and social methods of increasing the efficiency of marking activity in the tourist services market in Ukraine, is determined. Practical implications. The article considers mechanisms of increasing the efficiency of marketing activities in the field of tourism. The expediency of using the European experience of the Baltic States for the development of tourism in Ukraine is emphasized. Directions of further researches are offered. The structural-functional model of the system of marketing approaches and the organizational model of operational management of the process of realization of marketing approaches to the market for tourist services are developed. Value/originality. The use of the proposed models will more effectively increase the efficiency of marketing activities in the modern market for tourist services. The authors prove that modelling, development, and implementation of models of marketing approaches is a powerful mechanism for achieving a new quality of tourism services market and Ukraine.

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