scholarly journals Syn-Ecological Connections and Comparison of Α-Diversity Indices of Plant and Bird Communities on Cultivated Coenosises

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena I. Blinkova ◽  
Tetiana V. Shupova ◽  
Liudmyla A. Raichuk
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Evenness Indices ◽  
Dominance Indices ◽  
Complex Influence

AbstractChanges in the ecological conditions of the cultivated coenosises caused by anthropogenic load have been shown by the example of several of the largest botanical gardens in Ukraine. That complex influence leads to the transformation of coenosises at stages II and III of anthropogenic degression. Changes in phyto- and avidiversity compositions have been shown using a transformation gradient. Positive correlations between compositions and diversity indices of bird communities and vegetation composition (diversity indices, dominance indices, evenness indices) have been detected. The values of the phytodiversity indices showed greater deviation from the normal conditions.

scholarly journals KESEHATAN TERUMBU KARANG DAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN DI PERAIRAN PANTAI PANGANDARAN, JAWA BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Sri Turni Hartati ◽  
Arip Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Visual Technique ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Evenness Indices ◽  
Dominance Indices ◽  
Line Intercept ◽  
A Current

<p>Keanekaragaman jenis ikan karang merupakan suatu indikator penting yang dapat menggambarkan perubahan lingkungan perairan karang. Perubahan habitat karang adalah resiko yang mungkin dihadapi sebagai akibat pembangunan.  Penelitian dilakukan di perairan pantai Pangandaran dengan tujuan mengkaji kesehatan terumbu karang dan indeks ekologis komunitas ikan karang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah <em>line intercept transect</em> untuk menentukan persen tutupan karang dan metode sensus visual untuk menentukan keanekaragaman ikan karang pada area seluas 250m<sup>2</sup>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesehatan terumbu karang pada kondisi buruk, tutupan karang hidup 11,4 -20,74%. Teridentifikasi 66 jenis ikan karang dengan kriteria kepadatan sangat jarang (0,59 – 0,91) ind/m<sup>2</sup>. Indeks kekayaan ikan karang pada kategori baik (4,60-8,68), keanekaragaman jenis ikan karang termasuk dalam kategori sedang (2,57-3,36). Tidak terjadi dominasi jenis ikan karang tertentu (0,05-0,120) dan kemerataan populasi di lokasi penelitian termasuk tinggi (0,81-0,87).</p><p> </p><p><em>Reef fish diversity is a major indicator to expose a current environmental state of coral reefs. Economic developments probably lead to habitat alteration risks. The research was conducted in Pangandaran Beach Waters, Batu Karas, Pananjung Barat, Pananjung Timur. The research objective was,  to assess the reef health, and to fine out several diversity indices of reef fish communities. Methods used for those are a line intercept transect and census visual technique within area of 250 m<sup>2</sup>. The results showed that all of the area had a poor reef health category(11,4-20,74%), reef fish densities were grouped in very rare areas, especially &lt; 1-5 ind/m<sup>2</sup>. Richnes indices had a good category(4,60-8,68), shannon diversity indices of reef fish felt in the fair category(</em>2,57-3,36), <em>dominance indices of reef fish felt in the low category(0,05-0,120) and evenness indices were felt in a high category(0,81-0,87).</em></p>

scholarly journals Bird communities and vegetation composition in natural and semi-natural forests of megalopolis: correlations and comparisons of diversity indices (Kyiv city, Ukraine)

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Blinkova ◽  
Tetyana Shupova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Recreation

AbstractAssessment of correlations and comparisons of diversity indices between birds communities and vegetation composition of the forest ecosystem is an important subject of synecological research to identify the intensity of human impact on the flora and fauna in megalopolis. Urban recreation is one of the major causes of violation of the structural and functional integrity of the forest ecosystem. Studies on avian complex and phytocoenosis have focused on the impact of urban recreation on the soil surface, compositions of trees, shrub and herbaceous layers and species, trophic and ecological compositions of nesting-birds and feeding-birds communities. This article compares the measurement of the diversity of bird communities and forestry vegetation (diversity indices, dominance indices, evenness indices) in the natural and semi-natural forests of the Kyiv city on a gradient of recreational transformation. The stands formed consist of Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Acer platanoides L., Tilia cordata L., Ulmus glabra Huds., Fraxinus excelsior L. and Prunus avium L. The floristic list comprised 65 grass species. A total of 49 species of avifauna were found, including 44 species that were protected by the Bern, Bonn and Washington Conventions. There were significant correlations between vertical and horizontal heterogeneities of tree distribution and abundance, species richness and nesting density of birds. The interrelationship between species diversity of birds and floristic richness was also confirmed.

scholarly journals Diversity of bird communities of the forest in the Boyarska experimental station at the gradient of anthropic load

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Gaychenko ◽  
◽  
T.V. Shupova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Synanthropization Index

Bird communities was researched according to the transect method in the nesting period of 2013 and 2015. 4 model forest plots in the Boyarskaya Experimental Station were selected. All of them are culturelphytocenoses based onPinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L., Q. rubra L. The species composition of birds, their abundance, α-diversity indices, synanthropization index of bird communities (to Jedryctkowski) were analyzed. The similarity of bird communities was determined using cluster analysis in "Origin Pro 9.0". 65 bird species of 11 orders were recorded. 35 species of them live in the species reserve. On model plots that not have conservation status, the number of species in bird communities is 20–27. In plots with a dominance of Q. robur, 42 species were recorded, with a dominance of P. sylvestris - 35 species of the birds. Dominants in bird communities Parus major L. and Fringilla coelebs L. The presence in the list of subdominants Anthus trivialis L. and Phylloscopus sibilatrix Bechstein is a positive characteristic of the forest. The synanthropic of bird communities increases according to the increase in anthropic load: the synanthropization index from 0.4 to 0.65, the relative abundance of synanthropic birds in communities from 0.66 to 0.81. There are no alien birds. The species diversity and the number of bird species in the communities decreases along the gradient of increasing anthropic load. The similarity of bird communities and their α-diversity depends by the anthropic load, and not by the ratio of the species composition of the forest trees. The distribution of relative abundance of species in bird communities, on the contrary, is associated with the ratio of the species composition of trees. In forest plots dominated by P. sylvestris, bird communities are balanced, in plots with a predominance of Q. robur, disturbances in the development of bird communities are noticeable.

scholarly journals Abundance, diversity and distribution of macrophyte communities in neighboring lakes of different trophic states and morphology in north-central Greece

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisoula Pirini ◽  
Vasiliki Karagiannakidou ◽  
Savvas Charitonidis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
North Central ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Evenness Indices

The role of aquatic vegetation in wetland ecosystems is closely related with their abundance, diversity and distribution, which in turn represents synergy of various environmental factors. The floristic composition of the aquatic vegetation in two neighboring lakes (Vegoritida and Petron) in north-central Greece was investigated by means of 160 relev?s, which were recorded using the Braun-Blanquet method. The analysis of relev?s based on TWINSPAN clustering showed the existence of 10 plant communities from the Lemnetea, Potametea, Phragmito-Magnocaricetea and Juncetea maritimi classes. The most important environmental factors for the vegetation differentiation in the study area, according to the ordination diagram, are light intensity and water depth of the habitats. The plant species diversity was quantified with species richness, Shannon Diversity and evenness indices at a scale of each relev?, with a sampling size of 20 m2. There was a clear differentiation between the relev?s at the more eutrophic Petron Lake and those at Vegoritida Lake. The mean plot diversity was also calculated for each plant community, to enable comparison of the diversity indices among the communities at the plot level.

Arthropod community structures of rice ecosystems in the Philippines

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Heong ◽  
G.B. Aquino ◽  
A.T. Barrion
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Cyrtorhinus Lividipennis ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relative Differences

AbstractThe arthropod community associated with irrigated rice grown in five sites in Luzon Island, Philippines, was analysed using guild categories. Phytophages and predators were predominant in all sites. The phytophage species were mainly Homoptera and dominated by Nephotettix virescens (Distant), N. nigropictus (Stål) (Cicadellidae), and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Delphacidae). Predators were mainly Heteroptera with Microvelia douglasi atrolineata Bergoth (Veliidae), Mesovelia vittigera (Horváth) (Mesoveliidae), and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Miridae) as the most abundant species. Spiders were the next dominant group with Pardosa pseudoannulata (Böesenberg & Strand) and three species of Tetragnatha the most common. Differences in species diversity between the sites were easily differentiated using diversity indices. The relative differences in arthropod abundance, species richness and diversity may be attributed to the median temperatures, cropping patterns, and diversity in crop stages and germplasm in the sites. Predator-Homoptera correlations were significant in all cases. High positive correlations were obtained for veliids, spiders and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, in most sites.

scholarly journals Contrasting patterns of bacterial communities in the rearing water and gut of Penaeus vannamei in response to exogenous glucose addition

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Haipeng Guo ◽  
Zidan Liu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Glucose Addition ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Α Diversity

AbstractSupplementing exogenous carbon sources is a practical approach to improving shrimp health by manipulating the microbial communities of aquaculture systems. However, little is known about the microbiological processes and mechanisms of these systems. Here, the effects of glucose addition on shrimp growth performance and bacterial communities of the rearing water and the shrimp gut were investigated to address this knowledge gap. The results showed that glucose addition significantly improved the growth and survival of shrimp. Although the α-diversity indices of both bacterioplankton communities and gut microbiota were significantly decreased by adding glucose, both bacterial communities exhibited divergent response patterns to glucose addition. Glucose addition induced a dispersive bacterioplankton community but a more stable gut bacterial community. Bacterial taxa belonging to Ruegeria were significantly enriched by glucose in the guts, especially the operational taxonomic unit 2575 (OTU2575), which showed the highest relative importance to the survival rate and individual weight of shrimp, with the values of 43.8 and 40.6%, respectively. In addition, glucose addition increased the complexity of interspecies interactions within gut bacterial communities and the network nodes from Rhodobacteraceae accounted for higher proportions and linked more with the nodes from other taxa in the glucose addition group than that in control. These findings suggest that glucose addition may provide a more stable gut microbiota for shrimp by increasing the abundance of certain bacterial taxa, such as Ruegeria.

scholarly journals Birds diversity and faunogenetic structure of avifauna in forests parks of two megalopolises (Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
T. Shupova ◽  
◽  
A. Chaplygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Forest Parks

Background. In the 21st century, landscape transformation processes are underway in large cities, which affects the stability of wildlife habitats. Habitat transformations often reduce species richness due to a decrease in the population sizes of some species, and therefore, small in number and rare species are eliminated from bird communities. Rare species can have unique consortive relationships, which makes them particularly important for the long-term ecosystem functioning. A study of the avifauna of forest parks makes it possible to develop an algorithm for the coexistence of human and birds. Methods. The number and distribution of birds were determined by route counting. The total length of the fixed route was 5.7 km in Kyiv and 3.5 km in Kharkiv. On each route, observations were carried out annually with three repetitions during the nesting period when the birds are most attached to their habitats (end of April–May–June). The average data for the total study period (2013–2017) were calculated for each city. For the average number, the standard deviation was calculated. An analysis of the faunogenetic structure of avifauna was carried out according to the method developed by V.P. Belik. A faunogenetic complex is a group of animal species associated by a common origin with ecosystems of a certain landscape-geographical zone. We also classified bird species into ecological groups according to the patterns of microhabitat choice. To compare the α-diversity of bird in the forest-park zones of cities, a number of commonly accepted indices that express the correlation between the number and density of species were calculated: 1) Berger–Parker dominance index: DBP = Nimax / N; 2) Shannon diversity index: H´ = -∑(Pi × LnPi); 3) Pielou evenness index: E = H´ / LnS; where: Nі– the number of each species; Nimax – the maximum value of Nі; N = ∑Ni – the total number of all species (pairs/km); Pi = Ni / N – the ratio of each species; S – total number of the species. Results. The study presents a comparative analysis of diversity and faunogenetic structure of avifauna in the forest park zones of Kyiv and Kharkiv, inhabited by 71 breeding species of birds that belong to 10 orders. In the eastern region, the proportion of birds of the boreal and the European forest-steppe complex decreases, but the share of the desert-mountain complex increases. The fauna of the European nemoral complex dominates (32.8 % in Kyiv and 40.4 % in Kharkiv). The basis of the communities are dendrophils: 83.6 % (n = 67) in Kyiv and 82.7 % (n = 52) in Kharkiv. The dominant species in all forest parks are the great tit (Parus major) and chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs). Conclusions. The differences in the faunogenetic structure of bird communities are due to the proximity of model forest parks on the territory of Kyiv to the forest natural geographical zone, and on the territory of Kharkiv to the steppe, which leads in the eastern region to a decrease in the proportion of birds of the boreal and the European forest-steppe complex while the proportion of desert-mountain complex increases. Dendrophils predominate significantly, and the share of sclerophils and limnophils in total is less than 20 % of the bird community in the forest parks of each city. As a consequence of the fragmentation of the Kiev forest park zone, the diversity of nesting birds communities in the forest-park zone of Kyiv is slightly lower than of Kharkiv, and the pressure of the dominant species is more significant.

scholarly journals Garlic skin induced shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening sheep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Zhen Su ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Hanxue Sun ◽  
Jinfeng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Background Garlic and its constituents exhibit activities on modifying rumen fermentation and improving growth performance. As a by-product of garlic processing, garlic skin contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. However, studies in ruminants using garlic skin are scarce. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on rumen fermentation characterizes, growth performance, ruminal microbes and metabolites in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of gallic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation. Results The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than that in the control group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices. Increased (P < 0.05) abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, Methanosphaera but a decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of Fretibacterium were observed in GAS-fed lambs. In addition, the garlic skin supplementation favorably regulated (P < 0.05) pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 and B1 metabolism. Moreover, high correlations were observed between fluctuant rumen microbiota and metabolites. Conclusions Supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of sheep by modifying rumen fermentation through inducing shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.

scholarly journals Analysis of Environmental Factors’ Impact on Donkeys’ Colostrum Quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamfir Marchiș ◽  
Antonia Odagiu ◽  
Aurelia Coroian ◽  
Ioan Oroian ◽  
Manuela Mîrza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Human Colostrum ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Complex Influence

Colostrum is a natural product, issued by both mammals and humans in first week of lactation. Among different species, donkey colostrum is considered as having, besides a valuable composition in nutrients and immune factors, an outstanding similitude with human colostrum. In this context, and taking into account the scarcity of available data concerning the interaction between climate factors and colostrum quality, a trial was conducted aiming to identify the possible influence of environmental factors on donkey colostrum nutritional traits. A stock of 16 jennies from 2 farms located in the County of Cluj, during a 7 days postpartum period was analyzed. During experimental period the daily temperature, humidity, and wind velocity data were collected. Strong positive correlations may be reported between fat and lactose, and fat and protein respectively, while moderate to strong correlation is emphasized between lactose and protein content of donkey colostrum. Testing the influence of environmental temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity influence upon nutritional content of donkey colostrum, results the neglectable influence of the wind velocity, the negative influence of the heat stress upon all studied colostrum components, and complex influence of relative humidity, which has positive influence on fat and lactose increase when it increases, while its increase has negative influence on protein content of donkey colostrum.

scholarly journals Bird diversity analysis in the lower mountain forest of mount Bulusaraung to support ecotourism’s activities in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
A Achmad ◽  
U Damayanti ◽  
R I Maulany
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Evenness Indices

Abstract Lower mountain forest in the complex of Mount Bulusaraung Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, is a one of bird’s habitat in the South Sulawesi. This area is a tourist destination, especially mountain climbing activities. Thus, it is necessary to know the diversity of animals, especially birds on this hiking trail, so that the information can be used to support ecotourism activities. This study aims to analyze the diversity of bird species in the complex of Bulusaraung Mountain, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in order to support ecotourism activities. This research was conducted from April to June 2018. Data was collected using the line transect method on three lines, namely the Balleanging, Kattokaddaro and Tompobulu lines. The second and third paths are hiking trails, while the rest are trails leading to community agricultural areas. The geographical position of the transect line was recorded using GPS. The GIS method was used to generate a bird watching trail map. Data analysis was carried out to calculate the individual density and frequency of bird presence. In addition, the species diversity indices, species evenness indices, and species richness indices were also calculated. The results showed that there were 44 species of birds found in the study area, which were 16 species in the Balleanging line, 27 species in the Kattokaddaro line and 37 species in the Tompobulu line. The highest bird species diversity indices value was found on the Tompobulu line (H' = 2.93), while on the Kattokaddaro line it was H' = 2.73 and the Balleanging H' = 2.55. The results of this study will support the management strategy in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in order to harmonize the conservation of biological resources through ecotourism activities that involve local communities to increase their economic income.

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