scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Tunisian Lime Genotypes Using Pomological Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Olfa Saddoud Debbabi ◽  
Selma Ben Abdelaali ◽  
Rym Bouhlal ◽  
Sabrine Zneidi ◽  
Nasr Ben Abdelaali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
On Farm

AbstractCitrus genus includes a wide number of species that have been long cultivated and well adapted in Tunisia. It is represented by small number of plantations and considered as underutilized in Tunisia. Our goal was to genetically characterize Tunisian lime genotypes to obtain data useful for gene conservation and breeding purposes. The survey of genotypes was conducted in the Cap Bon region, where citrus cultivation is the most spread. Sixteen quantitative and 19 qualitative parameters were evaluated. The observed accessions belonged to three different species: Citrus limetta, Citrus latifolia (limes Byrsa), and Citrus limettioides (limes of Palestine) according to Tanaka classification. Principal component analysis confirmed these classifications. Four-cell analysis (FCA) was used to determine the most threatened genotypes. Quantitative traits were evaluated and allowed the discrimination between genotypes. Many quantitative traits of fruit and juice were highly positively and significantly correlated. Phenotypic diversity was determined using Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’). The highest value of diversity index was observed for both vesicle thickness and thickness of segment walls (H’ = 0.98). Intermediate values were observed for both fruit axis (H’= 0.49) and pulp firmness (H’ = 0.43). However, fruit shape (H’ = 0.24), shape of fruit apex (H’ = 0.24), and vesicle length (H’ = 0.33) presented the lowest values of diversity index. Current findings will be useful to conserve threatened genotypes ex situ and on farm and also will guide strategic conservation on Citrus genetic resources for future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Geographical patterns of phenotypic diversity and structure of Kenyan wild sorghum populations (Sorghum spp.) as an aid to germplasm collection and conservation strategy

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses M. Muraya ◽  
Hartwig H. Geiger ◽  
Evans Mutegi ◽  
Ben M. Kanyenji ◽  
Fabrice Sagnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Wild Sorghum ◽  
Geographical Patterns

Kenya lies within sorghum centre of diversity. However, information on the relative extent of diversity patterns within and among genetically defined groups of distinct ecosystems is lacking. The objective was to assess the structure and phenotypic diversity of wild sorghum populations across a range of geographical and ecological conditions in the country. Sixty-two wild sorghum populations (30 individuals per population) sampled from four distinct sorghum growing regions of Kenya and covering different agroecologies were characterized for ten qualitative traits. Plant height, number of tillers, panicle sizes and flag leaf dimensions were also recorded. Frequencies of the phenotypic classes of each character were calculated. The Shannon diversity index (H′) was used to estimate the magnitude of diversity. Principal component analysis was used to differentiate populations within and between regions. Wild sorghum is widely distributed in Kenya, occurring in sympatric ranges with cultivated sorghum, and both have overlapping flowering windows. All characters considered displayed great phenotypic diversity. Pooled over characters within regions, the mean H′ ranged between 0.60 and 0.93 in Western and Coast regions, respectively. Wild sorghum was found to show a weak regional differentiation, probably reflecting the importance of seed-mediated gene flow in shaping the wild sorghum population structure. Trait distribution was variable among regions, but there was no conspicuous distribution of the traits studied in any given region. Spontaneous hybridization and introgression of genes from cultivated to wild sorghum seems to be likely, and may already have occurred for a long time, although undocumented. Implications for in situ and ex situ genetic resources conservation are discussed.

scholarly journals Exploring morpho-physiological profiles of a collection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) germplasm using multivariate statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Ifigeneia Mellidou ◽  
Konstantinos Krommydas ◽  
Irini Nianiou-Obeidat ◽  
Georgia Ouzounidou ◽  
Apostolos Kalivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractA selection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes with diverse origin and breeding history including 33 landraces, eight modern varieties and two commercial hybrids has been characterized using a set of 25 qualitative descriptors and six quantitative traits. A wide range of variation was evident for the majority of traits, highlighting their utility for characterizing tomato germplasm collections. A plethora of qualitative traits including type of leaf blade, depression and ribbing at peduncle end, fruit shape at blossom end, number of locules and flowering time, as well as measured traits with economic importance such as fruit fresh weight, firmness and total yield per plant, were found to be highly variable within the collection, with a diversity index greater than 0.8. Strong correlations were detected among several traits related to fruit yield and quality. Two-dimensional principal component analysis as well as the unsupervised hierarchical clustering grouped genotypes according to their phenotypic resemblance and morphological characteristics to a great extent. Landraces from different origins were scattered across the whole variation spectrum of PC1 and PC2. A set of six qualitative traits could efficiently discriminate cultivars in PCA (explaining 75% of total variation), suggesting that it can serve as a valuable breeding tool for the germplasm characterization. The evaluation of the phenotypic diversity in the collection as well as the identification of traits that contribute most to heterogeneity have important implications for establishing core collections with high diversity, as well as designing breeding schemes across the Mediterranean basin.

scholarly journals Analysis of leaf phenotypic diversity of some Hevea Accessions/clones conserved at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Ekona, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-378
Author(s):  
Njukeng Jetro Nkengafac ◽  
Ndille Claurence Nkumbe
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Component Scores

This study was carried out to estimate leaf morphological diversity of some accessions/clones from IRRDB 1981 Hevea germplasm collection conserved at IRAD Ekona, to determine the importance of leaf morphological descriptors in differentiating accessions/clones. A total of 36 clones/ accessions were characterized using 6 leaf morphological descriptors. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the leaf morphological parameters for the studied clones. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that all leaf descriptors were informative and contributed significantly to the variation. The first 2 Principal Component scores (PCs) accounted for 88% of the total variation. The cluster analysis based on significant PCs grouped all accessions and clones in to 6 main clusters at the distance of 1.5. This study permits the characterization of Hevea accessions and clones in to diverse groups using leaf morphological descriptors; hence this will be advantageous for production of diverse genotypes during breeding programs to broaden the Hevea gene pool.

scholarly journals Ancient Danish Apple Cultivars—A Comprehensive Metabolite and Sensory Profiling of Apple Juices

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzia Iaccarino ◽  
Camilla Varming ◽  
Mikael Agerlin Petersen ◽  
Nanna Viereck ◽  
Birk Schütz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Aroma Components ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

In recent decades, intensive selective breeding programs have allowed the development of disease-resistant and flavorsome apple cultivars while leading to a gradual decline of a large number of ancient varieties in many countries. However, the re-evaluation of such cultivars could lead to the production new apple-based products with health beneficial properties and/or unique flavor qualities. Herein, we report the comprehensive characterization of juices obtained from 86 old, mostly Danish, apple cultivars, by employing traditional analysis (ion chromatography, °Brix, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and panel test evaluation) as well as an innovative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based screening method developed by Bruker for fruit juices, known as Spin Generated Fingerprint (SGF) Profiling™. Principal component analysis showed large differences in aroma components and sensory characteristics, including odd peculiar odors and flavors such as apricot and peach, and very different levels of phenolic compounds, acids and sugars among the analyzed juices. Moreover, we observed a tendency for late-season juices to be characterized by higher °Brix values, sugar content and they were perceived to be sweeter and more flavor intense than early-season juices. Our findings are useful for the production of specialty vintage-cultivar apple juices or mixed juices to obtain final products that are characterized both by healthy properties and peculiar sensory attributes.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity and carcass quality of creole goats with genetic potential for resistance to infection caused by worm

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-857
Author(s):  
Vanessa dos Santos Neri ◽  
José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento ◽  
Laylson da Silva Borges ◽  
Tatiana Saraiva Torres ◽  
Luciano Silva Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Resistance To Infection

Abstract: The objective of this work was to phenotypically characterize creole goats of the Moxotó, Azul, Canindé, Repartida, Marota, and Graúna breeds, comparing them with the Boer, Anglo Nubian, and Alpine exotic breeds, to identify the genetic groups of greater potential for carcass quality and resistance to infection caused by worm. Data on morphometric measurements were obtained for the count of worm eggs in grams of feces (WEGF), Famacha score, carcass measurements, and body weight from 308 animals, in a farm in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Repartida goats showed the highest average for wither height (61.55 cm) and rump height (62.16 cm), and Moxotó goats had the greatest ear length (13.45 cm). The Moxotó breed showed the highest means for carcass and body weight. The lowest average for body weight was observed in Azul goats (24.35 kg), and the lowest WEGF was detected in Repartida goats (200 eggs per gram of feces). The average Famacha score was 2.77. Average linkage was the method that best summarized the information on the morphometric and carcass data. The use of morphometric and carcass measurements provides satisfactory results in the phenotypic characterization of the animals. The Brazilian creole goats, which are considered resistant to worm infection and show high-quality carcass traits, may be indicated for conservation and genetic breeding programs.

Diversity of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat germplasm: breeding opportunities for improving grain yield potential and quality traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifru Teklu ◽  
Karl Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Diversity Studies

In this paper, Shannon–Weaver diversity indices were employed to examine the phenotypic diversity in 271 Ethiopian tetraploid wheat accessions in relation to characters, regions of origin and altitude. Moreover, review of genetic diversity studies in Ethiopian tetraploid wheat was made to explore breeding opportunities. The diversity index varied widely across regions. Among the four altitudinal classes, the highest (0.72) and lowest (0.61) mean diversity indices were observed in altitude classes II and IV, respectively. The diversity index (H′) showed that most traits are polymorphic. The partitioning of the total phenotypic diversity into within- and among-region diversity indicated that 71% of the total variation was attributed to the within-region diversity. Principal component analysis was computed to examine the regional and altitudinal patterns of variation. On regional bases, the first four axes, whose eigenvalues are greater than 1, explained about 82% of the observed phenotypic diversity in the 271 tetraploid wheat accessions. On altitudinal bases, however, only the first two principal components explained 89.7% of the total variation. In general, phenotypic diversity showed considerable differences for each trait in different geographical regions and altitudinal classes which could be utilized in wheat improvement programmes. Breeding opportunities and strategies are suggested.

scholarly journals Morpho-phenological characterization of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm grown in northern zones of Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1223-1236
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir Akram
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Bunch Length ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
International Plant

This endeavor includes thirty grapes’ genotypes grown in northern zones of Punjab, Pakistan to determine similarities and dissimilarities in forty-four morphological traits according to the descriptor “International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI)”. The relation between the genotypes was determined by principal component analysis (PCA), and similarity was worked out by using cluster analysis. The dendrogram divided the genotypes into two main groups with classes and subclasses. The variation present within the class was up to 81.72% while the difference between classes was 18.28%. The morphological quantitative traits such as bunch length, bunch width, bunch weight, peduncle length, the weight of 10 berries, number of berry in a bunch, berry length, and berry width were in the following range 27.50-11 cm, 13.75-5 cm, 583.56-77.70 g, 6.50-1.55 cm, 53.70-9.70 g, 354-28, 27.37-11.40 mm and 18.06-10.41 mm respectively, which indicated a wide level of diversity in the selected genotypes. Based on phenological attributes, “Regina”, “Perlet”, and “Early White” were found early maturing genotypes to prevent berry rotting due to monsoon rains at the final stage of ripening. The data generated in this study would be helpful to preserve the existing germplasm and be available for designing future breeding programs.

On-Farm Variation and Household Diversity of Pigeon Pea Landraces in Kachorwa, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Bal K. Joshi ◽  
Pitamber Shrestha ◽  
Madhusudan P. Upadhyay ◽  
Bedananda Chaudhary ◽  
Ashok Mudwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Household Diversity ◽  
On Farm

Farmers value the diversity because of diverse environments both in production and consumption. On-farm morphological variation on pigeon peas (2n = 2x= 22 or 4x, 6x?) was studied at Kachorwa, Bara, Nepal to assess the household categories that have maintained diversity. Household diversity Index (HDI) of 10 different farmer categories was estimated based on Shanon-Weaver method. Eighteen quantitative and qualitative (quant-qualitative) traits were used for on-farm variation and HDI studies. On farm ANOVA was generated on eight quantitative traits. Highest diversity (HDI, 0.265) was maintained by farmer of medium wealth category who grows pigeon pea in upland bund. Pigeon pea grown in khet (low land) bund with Pajawa landrace expressed least diversity (HDI, 0.079). Pigeon pea growing in monoculture was more diverse (HDI, 0.224) for 18 traits than in other production environments. Maximum variation was observed in growth habit followed by seed color pattern. The highest grain yield among the Chanki growers was produced by the farmer of medium wealth category growing pigeon pea in upland bund. Significance variation among farmers in quantitative traits indicates the intra varietal diversity in pigeon pea. Diversity varied with respect to wealth category and production environments. Farmer who has maximum diversity on pigeon pea could able to receive the higher grain yield. Result related to where and who maintain the diversity may be useful for development of on-farm    conservation strategy. Possibility of developing good varieties exits using Pajawa and Chanki landraces. Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 23-28DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11567

scholarly journals Geographical patterns of diversity for qualitative and quantitative traits in the pigeonpea germplasm collection

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
R.P.S. Pundir ◽  
C.L.L. Gowda ◽  
K.N. Reddy ◽  
Sube Singh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Stem Colour ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

We analysed the patterns of variation for 14 qualitative and 12 quantitative traits in 11,402 pigeonpea germplasm accessions from 54 countries, which were grouped into 11 regions. Semi-spreading growth habit, green stem colour, indeterminate flowering pattern and yellow flower colour were predominant among qualitative traits. Primary seed colour had maximum variability and orange colour followed by cream were the two most frequent seed colours in the collection. Variances for all the traits were heterogeneous among regions. The germplasm accessions from Oceania were conspicuous by short growth duration, short height, fewer branches, pods with fewer seeds, smaller seed size and lower seed yields. The accessions from Africa were of longer duration, taller, with multi-seeded pods and larger seeds. The germplasm diversity indicated by Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′) pooled over all traits, was highest for Africa (0.464±0.039) and lowest for Oceania (0.337±0.037). The cluster analysis based on three principal component scores using 12 quantitative traits revealed formation of three clusters: cluster 1 includes accessions from Oceania; cluster 2 from India and adjacent countries; and cluster 3 from Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Europe, Africa, America and the Caribbean countries. Pigeonpea-rich countries such as Myanmar, Uganda, and others like Bahamas, Burundi, Comoros, Haiti and Panama are not adequately represented in the collection, and need priority attention for germplasm exploration.

scholarly journals Applications of Microsatellite Markers for the Characterization of Olive Genetic Resources of Tunisia

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Olfa Saddoud Debbabi ◽  
Sameh Rahmani Mnasri ◽  
Fathi Ben Amar ◽  
M’barek Ben Naceur ◽  
Cinzia Montemurro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Secondary Center ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Olive Varieties ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Last Two Millennia

Among the countries of the Mediterranean Basin, Tunisia is located at the crossroad for the immigration of several civilizations over the last two millennia, becoming a strategic place for gene flow, and a secondary center of diversity for olive species. Olive is one of the principal crop species in Tunisia and now it strongly characterizes the rural landscape of the country. In recent years, collecting missions on farm and in situ were carried out by various institutes, with special emphasis given to ex situ collections serving as a reference for the identification of olive germplasm. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) represent the easiest and cheapest markers for olive genetic fingerprinting and have been the tool of choice for studying the genetic diversity of this crop in Tunisia, to resolve cases of homonymy and synonymy among the commercialized varieties, to identify rare cultivars, to improve knowledge about the genetic variability of this crop, to identify a hot spot of olive biodiversity in the Tunisian oasis of Degache, and to enrich the national reference collection of olive varieties. The present review describes the state of the art of the genetic characterization of the Tunisian olive germplasm and illustrate the progress obtained through the SSR markers, in individuating interesting genotypes that could be used for facing incoming problems determined by climate changes.

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