Morpho-phenological characterization of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm grown in northern zones of Punjab, Pakistan

This endeavor includes thirty grapes’ genotypes grown in northern zones of Punjab, Pakistan to determine similarities and dissimilarities in forty-four morphological traits according to the descriptor “International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI)”. The relation between the genotypes was determined by principal component analysis (PCA), and similarity was worked out by using cluster analysis. The dendrogram divided the genotypes into two main groups with classes and subclasses. The variation present within the class was up to 81.72% while the difference between classes was 18.28%. The morphological quantitative traits such as bunch length, bunch width, bunch weight, peduncle length, the weight of 10 berries, number of berry in a bunch, berry length, and berry width were in the following range 27.50-11 cm, 13.75-5 cm, 583.56-77.70 g, 6.50-1.55 cm, 53.70-9.70 g, 354-28, 27.37-11.40 mm and 18.06-10.41 mm respectively, which indicated a wide level of diversity in the selected genotypes. Based on phenological attributes, “Regina”, “Perlet”, and “Early White” were found early maturing genotypes to prevent berry rotting due to monsoon rains at the final stage of ripening. The data generated in this study would be helpful to preserve the existing germplasm and be available for designing future breeding programs.

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Ampelographic characterization of white grapevine cul-tivars (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Palestine

مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث ◽

10.53671/pturj.v3i1.34 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Rezq Basheer-Salimia

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Similarity Matrix ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Synonymies And Homonymies

Abstract: In Palestine, grape culture consists of ecotypes and cultivars (also called local varieties), for which a large number of homonymous and synonymous designations exist as well as misnaming of cultivars. The present study is the first report using detailed ampelographic characterizations (39 informative traits) to assess genetic diversity and detect similarities among sixteen accessions collected from putative diverse grape genotypes In general, 30 descriptors presented highly and satisfactory divergent genotypes, whereas the remaining traits showed no or very little ampelographic variation. Based on the similarity matrix and the resulting dendrogram of these ampelographic data, distinguishable genotypes as well as some cases of synonymies and homonymies clearly exist. A synonymy case seemed to be in four genotypes including Jandali-Mfarad, Jan-dali-Mrazraz, Jandali, and Hamadani-Mattar, which indeed showed genetic distances of less than 0.5, sug-gesting their relatedness, and the possibility that they are the same genotype, but with different names. In addition, homonym cases also occur in the following pairs of “Marawi’s, Hamadani’s, and Zaini’s genotypes, in which each pair seems to be two distinctive genotypes. Finally, among the 16 examined genotypes, the Zaini-Baladi genotype tended to show the highest genetic distance values from the others and thus could be potentially incorporated into any further local or regional breeding programs as well as germplasm conservation.

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Ancient Danish Apple Cultivars—A Comprehensive Metabolite and Sensory Profiling of Apple Juices

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo9070139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 139 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nunzia Iaccarino ◽

Camilla Varming ◽

Mikael Agerlin Petersen ◽

Nanna Viereck ◽

Birk Schütz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugar Content ◽

Screening Method ◽

Principal Component ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Aroma Components ◽

Different Levels ◽

Comprehensive Characterization

In recent decades, intensive selective breeding programs have allowed the development of disease-resistant and flavorsome apple cultivars while leading to a gradual decline of a large number of ancient varieties in many countries. However, the re-evaluation of such cultivars could lead to the production new apple-based products with health beneficial properties and/or unique flavor qualities. Herein, we report the comprehensive characterization of juices obtained from 86 old, mostly Danish, apple cultivars, by employing traditional analysis (ion chromatography, °Brix, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and panel test evaluation) as well as an innovative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based screening method developed by Bruker for fruit juices, known as Spin Generated Fingerprint (SGF) Profiling™. Principal component analysis showed large differences in aroma components and sensory characteristics, including odd peculiar odors and flavors such as apricot and peach, and very different levels of phenolic compounds, acids and sugars among the analyzed juices. Moreover, we observed a tendency for late-season juices to be characterized by higher °Brix values, sugar content and they were perceived to be sweeter and more flavor intense than early-season juices. Our findings are useful for the production of specialty vintage-cultivar apple juices or mixed juices to obtain final products that are characterized both by healthy properties and peculiar sensory attributes.

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Genetic diversity in four cabbage populations based on UPOV and IPGRI description forms and allozyme variation

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859601008723 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

pp. 309-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. V. KOUTSOS ◽

M. KOUTSIKA-SOTIRIOU

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Principal Component ◽

Allozyme Variation ◽

Gene Frequencies ◽

International Union ◽

New Varieties ◽

International Plant ◽

Physiological Characters

Morphophysiological characters, designated as descriptors by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), and allozyme variation were used to study genetic diversity among four cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) open pollinated (OP) populations. The morphological and physiological characters, and gene frequencies among OP populations were analysed by using cluster (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Both methods gave the same clustering of OP populations. The relationships found among OP populations by analysing UPOV descriptors (30 characters) and IPGRI descriptors (30+14 characters) were similar. The relationships among OP populations obtained from gene frequencies were not similar to those obtained from morphophysiological characters, but two of the four OP populations were clustered together by both categories of data. The biggest correlation between the relationships among OP populations obtained from morphophysiological characters and those obtained from gene frequencies was r = −0·44 and r =−0·38 given by PCA and CA respectively. The importance of each character or allele with respect to the relationships among OP populations were also detected by PCA.

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The Comprehensive Analysis of Morphological Variation among 24 Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) Genotypes Oriented to Ornamental Breeding in Vietnam

Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.31817/vjas.2020.3.1.08 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 555-569

Author(s):

Tran Thien Long ◽

Nguyen Hong Minh ◽

Nguyen Tuan Anh ◽

Tran Thi Minh Hang ◽

Nguyen Thi Hoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Regular Consumption ◽

Sectional Shape ◽

International Plant ◽

Tomato Genotypes

Tomato is one of the most important vegetables cultivated in Vietnam. Besides its regular consumption as a vegetable, a new demand for using tomato as a decorative plant on special occasions was identified in recent years. This study aimed to characterize new tomato accessions on their desirable morphological traits to select potential materials for further breeding programs of ornamental tomato varieties in Vietnam. Twenty-four heirloom tomato genotypes were evaluated on 19 morphological traits. Based on the describing system for tomato developed by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI, 1996), significant variation was assessed in both qualitative and quantitative traits related to fruit morphology. The results of principle component analysis indicated that three main principle components explained over 60% of the total phenotypic variation. The five traits of fruit size, fruit shoulder shape, fruit cross-sectional shape, number of locules, and shape of the pistil scar were recommended as important traits for clustering tomato genotypes in this study. In addition, the 24 genotypes were classified at the coefficient of 0.39 into six different clusters. Finally, six interesting accessions, AU66, AU67, AU68, AU73, AU79, and AU83 (with strange fruit colors and shapes), were selected as potential materials for further breeding programs of ornamental tomato in Vietnam.

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Agro-morphological diversity of traditional fig cultivars grown in central-western Spain

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1602533p ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 533-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigo Pérez-Sánchez ◽

Remedios Morales-Corts ◽

Ángeles Gómez-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Point Of View ◽

Synonymies And Homonymies ◽

New Varieties ◽

Western Spain ◽

High Yields

There are not many exhaustive works addressing the agromorphological characterization of traditional fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars in Spain. In order to analyze the diversity of these fig genetic resources, twelve traditional fig cultivars from the Central-Western Region of Spain were surveyed and characterized agromorphologically. A total of forty descriptors, mainly defined by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute and the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, were used to describe the fruits, leaves and the tree itself over two consecutive years (2013-2014). Some of the cultivars showed distinctive and interesting agronomical characters from a commercial point of view, such as two crops per year (breba and fig), high yields, and fruit quality. This was the case of the fig cultivar widely distributed through the Duero river valley called ?Cuarter?n?. Its fruits were quite heavy and sweet (breba: 93.75 g and 25.91? Brix; fig: 42.41 g and 31.50? Brix), easy to peel, and juicy. Principal component analysis revealed that more than 67% of the agromorphological variability observed was explained by the first three components, some of the breba size parameters (fruit and neck length and fruit width) being the most important factors in differentiating the genotypes. A dendrogram clustered the cultivars into two major groups (unifera and bifera type) and revealed existing synonymies and homonymies. ?Carballar Negra? and ?Moscatel? were the only fig cultivars which did not have breba crops. This work is an important step in the conservation of genetic fig resources in Spain.

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Ampelographic characterization of white grapevine cul-tivars (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Palestine

مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث ◽

10.53671/ptukrj.v3i1.34 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Rezq Basheer-Salimia

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Similarity Matrix ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Synonymies And Homonymies

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Identification and Analysis of Genetic Variation among Rose Cultivars Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2005-7-817 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 60 (7-8) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anuradha Mohapatra ◽

Gyana Ranjan Rout

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Flower Colour ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Rose Breeding

Identified germplasm is an important component for efficient and effective management of plant genetic resources. Traditionally, cultivars or species identification has relied on morphological characters like growth habit or floral morphology like flower colour and other characteristics of the plant. Studies were undertaken for identification and analysis of genetic variation within 34 rose cultivars through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Analysis was made by using twenty five decamer primers. Out of twenty five, ten primers were selected and used for identification and analysis of genetic relationships among 34 rose cultivars. A total of 162 distinct DNA fragments ranging from 0.1 to 3.4 kb was amplified by using 10 selected random decamer primers. The genetic similarity was evaluated on the basis of presence or absence of bands. The cluster analysis indicated that the 34 rose cultivars form 9 clusters. The first cluster consists of eight hybrid cultivars, three clusters having five cultivars each, one cluster having four cultivars, two clusters having three cultivars each and two clusters having one cultivar each. The genetic distance was very close within the cultivars. Thus, these RAPD markers have the potential for identification of clusters and characterization of genetic variation within the cultivars. This is also helpful in rose breeding programs and provides a major input into conservation biology.

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Genetic Diversity Analysis and Phylogenetic Relationship among a Representative Collection of Spanish Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Landraces

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Horticulture ◽

10.15835/buasmvcn-hort:000717 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Miguel BRACHO-GIL ◽

Leandro PEREIRA-DIAS ◽

Santiago VILANOVA ◽

Ana FITA ◽

Jaime PROHENS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Size Growth ◽

Genetic Pool ◽

International Plant

Spain is one of the most important centers of diversity for Capsicum annuum peppers, and a plethora of ecotypes can be found throughout the country. These resources represent a valuable genetic pool which must be characterized in depth both morphologically and molecularly. The aim of the present work was to assess phenotypic and genotypic diversity and relationships within some Spanish pepper landraces. A collection of 12 Spanish pepper landraces and 15 foreign controls was characterized with a set of 46 descriptors from International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI, now Bioversity International) and genotyped using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). The studied collection was genetically diverse. The morphological characterization allowed discrimination of the varieties through fruit size, growth habit and others traits. SNP-based phylogenetics clustered together Spanish accessions. Our results provide useful information of several different ecotypes to boost breeding programs.

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HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN FENETIK VARIETAS PISANG (Musa sp.) DI PULAU AMBON

Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan ◽

10.30598/biopendixvol1issue1page1-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Rahmayani Notanubun ◽

Ritha L Karuwal

Keyword(s):

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Initial Information ◽

Musa Sp ◽

New Varieties ◽

The Difference ◽

Many Sources ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

International Plant

Banana is a tropical fruit that has been popular in the community, and potentially developed in Indonesia. There are many varieties of bananas that grow wild or cultivated by the community. This leads to differences in characters between each type. The differences can be seen from the appearance of plants such as pseudo-stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. The difference is important to know the relationship of kinship between species so that can be obtained initial information in improving the genetic properties that will produce plants with new varieties are superior.This study was conducted from December 2012 to May 2013 with the research site of Ambon Island and used exploratory methods based on the banana descriptor guidelines from the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI, 1996). The study showed that 7 varieties were found and identified: forty-day bananas, Jawaka, Kepok, Ambon green, King, Gold and Horn with varying morphological appearance and formed 2 main clusters with close and distant kinship. Banana on the island of Ambon has the characterization so that many sources of potential diversity need to be revealed more.

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Cherry breeding in the world: current analysis and future perspectives

Italus Hortus ◽

10.26353/j.itahort/2019.1.920 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 9-20

Author(s):

José Quero Garcia

Keyword(s):

Global Climate ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

New Directions ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Technological Developments ◽

Private Actors

Modern cherry breeding is relatively recent, as compared to other major crops. Nevertheless, in the last 30 years, numerous cultivars have been released, which has contributed to a significant increase in cherry production. The most important public breeding programs launched during the XXth century remain still active and new programs emerge in countries such as Chile, China or Spain. More recently, private actors are playing an increasingly important role, in particular those located in California, which conduct breeding preferentially for early-maturing and low-chilling cultivars. Nevertheless, cherry production faces significant threats, either related to the consequences of the global climate change (and in particular to the global warming) or to the emergence of new pest and diseases (such as for example the fly Drosophila suzukii). Hence, breeder have to incorporate new traits into their selection schemes, on top of the traditional and unavoidable ones, such as productivity, fruit size and firmness, tasting quality, etc. However, because of specific characteristics and of the length of the juvenility period, breeding has been traditionally limited to a rather narrow genetic base. Thus, it might not be straightforward to find interesting alleles in the breeder’ portfolios for traits of adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses. For this reason, the preservation and characterization of germplasm resources should be considered as an urgent priority. With the recent technological developments in the area of molecular biology and bioinformatics, the use of DNA-based information, through molecular marker-assisted selection approaches, has become a reality for cherry breeder. Although important research efforts are still needed in order to disentangle the genetic determinism of the main traits of agronomic interest, these methodologies allow already significant reductions in the breeding costs. In this paper, the major goals and methodologies currently considered by sweet cherry breeder will be reviewed, and perspectives with regards to new directions and needs will be briefly developed.

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