scholarly journals Redescription of Quasiamidostomum fulicae (Rudolphi, 1819) Lomakin, 1991 (Nematoda: Amidostomatidae), a parasite of Fulica atra (Gruiformes)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Królaczyk ◽  
Daniel Zaborski ◽  
Emil Dzierzba ◽  
Katarzyna M. Kavetska
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Fulica Atra ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Amidostomum Anseris

AbstractIntroductionQuasiamidostomum fulicae (Rudolphi, 1819) Lomakin, 1991, is a species of which the systematic position is still unclear, and it is reported in the literature under many synonyms. In the present study, an attempt has been made at establishing the ultimate systematic position of Quasiamidostomum fulicae against the backdrop of selected Amidostomatinae species.Material and MethodsThe parasites were identified based on measurements of external and internal structures. Ecological analysis of Q. fulicae was carried out using the quantitative indices (frequency, prevalence, mean intensity, relative abundance, and dominance index). Statistical analyses (discriminant analysis) were performed on measurement data.ResultsThe intestines of 77 coots were examined. They yielded a total of 398 parasites, including 67 identified as Q. fulicae. Both males and females were located in the muscular gizzard. The morphometric analysis of Q. fulicae in this study showed the dimensions of all the internal organs to be in agreement with measurements reported by other authors. The discriminant analysis, used to find the differences between the examined nematode species (Amidostomoides acutum, A. petrovi, A. monodon, Amidostomum anseris, and Quasiamidostomum fulicae), gave highly significant results (P < 0.0001) with respect to both males and females.ConclusionThe results justify the separation of Q. fulicae from the genus Amidostomum.

Study of the development of the internal organs of the double malformations of Chironomus dorsalis by fixed and sectioned materials

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-303
Author(s):  
Hideo Yajima
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Side ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Convex Side ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Flat Side ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Pole Cells ◽  
The One ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

The development of the internal structures was investigated by fixed sections of the ‘double cephalon’ and ‘double abdomen’ of Chironomus dorsalis. The cell proliferation that gives rise to ‘germ Anlage’ or embryonic rudiment begins, in the double cephalon, along the entire convex (ventral) side of the egg and, in the double abdomen, at both ends of the flat (dorsal) side. As a result, a single fused Anlage of the double cephalon appears along the entire convex side of the egg and two germ Anlagen of the double abdomen appear at both ends of the flat side. During the formation of the germ band, both the posteriormost part of the double cephalon which lies at the middle of the convex side of the egg and the anteriormost part of the double abdomen which is located at the middle of the convex side, fail to differentiate and later degenerate. In each of the duplicated heads of double cephalon, cephalic segments anterior to the first maxillary segment are formed, but the thoracic and abdominal segments are entirely missing. In each half of the double abdomen, eight abdominal segments posterior to the second abdominal segment are produced and the cephalic and thoracic segments are omitted altogether. The two pairs of mid-gut rudiment from both halves of the double cephalon are temporarily united but they break apart by the end of the blastokinesis. When the two pairs of mid-gut rudiment from both halves of the double abdomen meet, they remain fused with each other, being surrounded by the visceral mesodermal cells in the normal way, and develop into the mid-gut epithelium. In the double malformations, the pole cells are contained in only one member of the duplicated structures. The pole cells of the double cephalon develop into the tetra-nucleate state (Hasper's second step), but they fail to fuse to form tte gonad. In the double abdomen, the gonad develops in the one abdomen containing the pole colls and no replacement occurs in the sister abdomen without the pole cells. The embryonic envelopes of the double cephalon do no' retract into the interior of the embryo, while they do in the normal way in the double abdomen. The double cephalon can never hatch but the double abdon en can emerge.

Brachioteuthis beanii Verrill, 1881 (Cephalopoda: Brachioteuthidae) in the northwest Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-322
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K Shea ◽  
Judy Stadler ◽  
Annie Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Spawning Aggregation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
External Ornamentation

Four research cruises to the Gully Marine Protected Area (known as "the Gully") off Nova Scotia, Canada (2007–2010) collected 1454 specimens of the oegopsid squid family Brachioteuthidae. All specimens were identified as Brachioteuthis beanii, and the 842 individuals collected in 2007 were used to describe the morphology and ecology of the species. A subset of 565 specimens were measured for population size distribution, and over 200 of these individuals (21–117 mm ML) were fixed, vouchered, measured, dissected, and sexed to examine the internal and external characters of juveniles, males, and females. Specimens <40 mm ML were almost entirely juveniles. Specimens 40–49 mm ML were a mix of juveniles, males, and females. The smallest specimens, where the spermatophoric complex and nidamental glands could be identified, were approximately 39 mm ML in both males and females, suggesting that maturation begins at roughly the same size in both sexes. Specimens >50 mm ML could be sexed based solely on the color and texture of the mantle. Male mantles were fusiform in shape with few small, widely spaced chromatophores and a reticulated net on the mantle that developed concurrent with the internal spermatophoric complex. Females had a flaccid mantle with larger and denser chromatophores on the mantle and head and no external ornamentation (i.e., ridges or nodules). Measurement data showed that males had slightly larger arms and wider fins than females. The high abundance of B. beanii at the Gully in August/September may be a spawning aggregation and suggests that this small squid is an important component of the canyon food web.

External features and life cycle of Cucumaricola notabilis nov.gen. et sp., a copepod parasite of the holothurian, Cucumaria

Parasitology ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nellie F. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Cape Peninsula ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Copepodid Stage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Living Material ◽  
Copepod Parasites ◽  
Active Swimming

1. Cucumaricola notabilis, a new genus and species of Copepoda, occurs in cysts in the coelom of Cucumaria frauenfeldi Ludwig collected at Sea Point, Blaauwberg Strand and Dalebrook in the Cape Peninsula.2. An account is given of the features of the sexually dimorphic males and females.3. Fertilized eggs and nauplius larvae are also contained in the cysts and, from observations on living material, it has been established that, after escaping from the cysts, the larvae metamorphose within a short period into the copepodid stage. There are two copepodid stages, the first an active swimming form and the second a quiescent phase from which the juvenile parasite develops.4. Although of uncertain systematic position, this parasite seems to be nearly related to the Chondracanthidae. This conclusion is based on the similarity of the trunk appendages of the adult female to those of Acanthochondria as described by Oakley (1930), and also on the general agreement of the ontogeny with that of Acanthochondria cornuta investigated by Heegaard in 1947. It is further suggested that it may be assigned to the key devised by Delamare Deboutteville & Nunes-Ruivo (1955) for certain copepod parasites having some affinity with the Chondracanthidae.

Sex Differences in Assertive Behavior: A Research Extension

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Mathison ◽  
Raymond K. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
High Status ◽  
Significant Tendency ◽  
Assertive Behavior ◽  
Males And Females

This study was an extension of earlier empirical research measuring sex differences in assertive behavior. The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule was used for measuring assertiveness and discriminant analysis was employed to differentiate maximally responses of males and females. 140 men and 195 women were tested. There were four significant findings. Men reported a significant tendency to assert themselves more than women in public situations while women reported a tendency to be more assertive in private interpersonal settings. Men reported a significantly greater tendency than women to be shy in dating situations. Finally, men reported a greater willingness than women to question publicly a person of high status. The implications of these results were discussed both in terms of earlier research and as they apply to behavior therapy.

Description and systematic affinity of Alaninema ngata n. sp. (Alaninematidae: Panagrolaimorpha) parasitising leaf-veined slugs (Athoracophoridae: Pulmonata) in New Zealand

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena S. Ivanova ◽  
Sergei E. Spiridonov ◽  
Walter C. Clark ◽  
Maria Tourna ◽  
Michael J. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cylindrical Body ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
18S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Partial 18S ◽  
Male Genital

A new Alaninema species associated with leaf-veined slugs (Athoracophoridae) in New Zealand is described and illustrated. Alaninema ngata n. sp. is characterised by a very long, cylindrical body, rounded head bearing two circles of cephalic papillae and amphids, shallow stoma with three bifid teeth, muscular, cylindroid pharynx lacking valves, enlarged, rounded cardia, nerve ring crossing the anterior intestine, excretory pore situated just posterior to nerve ring, monodelphic females with post-median vulva, thick-shelled eggs covered with prominent tubercles, monorchic males with short testis reflection, reduced number of male genital papillae, strong equal spicules and gubernaculum and tail tip bearing about 20 digitate processes. It is distinguished from A. venmansi and A. njoroensis by having a larger body size (mean 8.3 mm and 13.8 mm in males and females, respectively vs 8.2 mm females in A. venmansi and 4.8 mm and 5.5 mm in A. njoroensis males and females, respectively) and more anterior vulval position (V = 51.6 vs 70 and 66.4 in A. venmansi and A. njoroensis, respectively). Analyses of a partial 18S rDNA sequence indicate that A. ngata n. sp. is affiliated to the Panagrolaimorpha. The systematic position, host range and distribution of A. ngata n. sp. are discussed.

scholarly journals The Identification Model on Swimming Athletes Skill

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Fahrur Rozi ◽  
Hari Setijono ◽  
Nining Widyah Kusnanik
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Identification Model ◽  
Model Approach

This research is aimed to produce instrumental test as well as anthropometric, biometric measurement and swimming skill with equation model and software. The instrument is used to identify the skill of swimming athletes. The kind of research used is quantitative with development model approach. The sample is taken using quota sampling technique involving 60 people (30 males and 30 females) for the first testing, and 120 people (60 males and 60 females) for second testing. Thus, the total samples include 180 people. The data is analyzed using factor and discriminant analysis with the help of the SPSS software. The result in the period-1 shows that there are 16-item instrumental tests for male and female. The result for period-2 is using factor analysis with the amount 0.60 and contained 16 instrumental items for male and 14 instrumental tests for female participants. The result for period-3 using factor and discriminant analysis is obtained 12 instrumental tests for both males and females. The software that is obtained is FASTI (Fahrur Rozi Swimming Talent Identification).

Antecedents of Change in Attitudes of Males and Females

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Plax ◽  
Lawrence B. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Attitudinal Change ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Attitudinal Changes

To isolate personality variables descriptive of attitudinal changes for males and females, subjects (82 males, 74 females) completed a variety of nonprojective personality tests, received a counterattitudinal message, and indicated pre- and posttest attitudes toward the message topic. The results of a stepwise multiple discriminant analysis indicated differences which are descriptive of males and females exhibiting different amounts of attitudinal change. Females exhibiting high attitudinal change were characterized as obliging and changeable, while high changing males were ordered, dependent and unstable; females exhibiting low attitudinal change were characterized as aggressive and unchanging, while males with low attitudinal change were forceful, efficient, and well-informed.

scholarly journals Parasitic nematodes of anseriform birds in Hokkaido, Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshino ◽  
J. Uemura ◽  
D. Endoh ◽  
M. Kaneko ◽  
Y. Osa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wild Duck ◽  
Duck Species ◽  
Contracaecum Rudolphii ◽  
Amidostomum Anseris ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractParasitic nematodes of 176 individuals of 15 bird species belonging to the order Anseriformes from Hokkaido, Japan were investigated. A total of 12 nematode species were obtained, namely Amidostomum anseris, A. acutum, Epomidiostomum crami, E. uncinatum, Tetrameres fissispina, Eucoleus contortus, Capillaria anatis, Baruscapillaria mergi, Contracaecum rudolphii, Echinuria uncinata, Streptocara crassicauda and Sarconema eurycerca. Among these, E. uncinatum (hosts: Anas platyrhynchos, A. poecilorhyncha, A. acuta, Mel. nigra) and E. crami (hosts: Anser albifroms, Ans. fabalis, C. cygnus, C. columbianus) were the first geographical records in Japan. There appeared to be strict host-parasite relationships between the wild swans/geese and A. anseris/E. crami, and between wild duck species and A. acutum/E. uncinatum, respectively.

Plasma etching and ashing: a technique for demonstrating internal structures of helminths using scanning electron microscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Veltkamp ◽  
J.C. Chubb
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Etching ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
The Times ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractPlasma etching and ashing for demonstrating the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the internal organs of helminths is described. Adult worms of the cestode Caryophyllaeides fennica were dehydrated through an ethanol series, critical point dried (Polaron E3000) and sputter coated with 60% gold-palladium (Polaron E5100) and glued to a standard scanning electron microscope (SEM) stub positioned as required for ashing. After initial SEM viewing of worm surfaces for orientation, stubs were placed individually in the reactor chamber of a PT7150 plasma etching and ashing machine. Worms were exposed to a radio frequency (RF) potential in a low pressure (0.2 mbar) oxygen atmosphere at room temperature. The oxidation process was controlled by varying the times of exposure to the RF potential between 2 to 30 min, depending on the depth of surface tissue to be removed to expose target organs or tissues. After each exposure the oxidized layer was blown from the surface with compressed air, the specimen sputter-coated, and viewed by SEM. The procedure was repeated as necessary, to progressively expose successive layers. Fine details of organs, cells within, and cell contents were revealed. Ashing has the advantage of providing three dimensional images of the arrangement of organs that are impossible to visualize by any other procedure, for example facilitating testes counts in cestodes. Both freshly-fixed and long-term stored helminths can be ashed. Ashing times to obtain the desired results were determined by trial so that some duplicate material was needed.

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