scholarly journals Prevalence and drug resistance of Salmonella in dogs and cats in Xuzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Lingling Wei ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Wangfeng Shao ◽  
Tongzheng Sun ◽  
Jianyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Resistance Rates

AbstractIntroductionSalmonellosis is a zoonotic disease, and Salmonella spp. can sometimes be found in dogs and cats, posing a risk to human health. In this study, the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of faecal Salmonella were investigated in pet dogs and cats in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.Material and MethodsFaecal samples from 243 dogs and 113 cats, at seven pet clinics, were tested between March 2018 and May 2019. Each Salmonella isolate was characterised using serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility tests.ResultsThe prevalence of Salmonella was 9.47% in dogs and 1.77% in cats. Among the 25 isolates, eight serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were detected, S. Kentucky (n = 11), S. Indiana (n = 5), and S. Typhimurium (n = 4) predominating. S. Derby, S. Toucra, S. Sandiego, S. Newport, and S. Saintpaul all occurred singly. The 23 Salmonella strains found in dogs were from seven different serovars, while the two strains in cats were from two. The highest resistance rates were found for tetracycline (92%), azithromycin (88%), cefazolin (84%), nalidixic acid (80%), ampicillin (80%), ceftriaxone (80%), and streptomycin (76%). Resistance to three or more antimicrobial agents was detected in 24 (96%) isolates. Most of the S. Kentucky and S. Indiana isolates were multi-drug resistant to more than 11 agents.ConclusionThe carriage rate was far higher in dogs than in cats from Xuzhou. Some isolated strains were highly resistant to antimicrobials used to treat infections in humans and pets, which may raise the risk of humans being infected with multi-drug resistant Salmonella via close contact with pets.

scholarly journals 2372. PCR Ribotype and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clostridioides (Formerly Clostridium) difficile in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S818-S818
Author(s):  
Cheon Hoo Jeon ◽  
Yu Mi Wi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile infection is a leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. The epidemiology and characteristics of C. difficile vary geographically. We performed toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA), toxigenic gene analysis, antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST), and PCR ribotyping to elucidate the characteristics of C. difficile in Korea. Methods Between July 2017 and June 2018, C. difficile was prospectively isolated in 128 specimens from the culture of 1,182 unduplicated specimens. Seventy-five stool specimens with a positive toxin EIA between July 2016 and June 2017 were also included. We performed PCR for the tcdA and tcdB genes on these isolates, and AST and PCR ribotyping on the isolates with a positive toxin EIA. Results Older patients tended to have a higher rate of positive toxin EIA and positive cultures than did younger patients. Ribotype 018 was predominantly identified (48.6%), followed by ribotype 014/020 (9.9%), and ribotype 002 (8.3%). All of A-B+ isolates were either ribotype 017 or B-2. Ribotypes 017, 018, and B-2 showed high resistance to various antibiotics. In contrast, ribotypes 002, 014/020 and C-4 demonstrated low resistance rates, except that to moxifloxacin in ribotype 002. Clindamycin and erythromycin showed a positive correlation. Most of the isolates resistant to rifampicin or tetracycline showed a high MIC to both erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusion Ribotype 018, which is highly transmissible and resistant to various antimicrobial agents, is predominant in Korea. Ribotype 002 has also been increasing in prevalence in Korea. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals A nineteen-year report of serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric non-typhoidal Salmonella from humans in Southern India: changing facades of taxonomy and resistance trend

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobin John Jacob ◽  
Dhanalakshmi Solaimalai ◽  
Dhiviya Prabaa Muthuirulandi Sethuvel ◽  
Tanya Rachel ◽  
Praveena Jeslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Background The steady increase in the proportion of Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections in humans represents a major health problem worldwide. The current study investigated the serovar distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility trends of NTS isolated from faecal samples during the period 2000–2018. Methods Faecal specimens of patients were cultured according to standard lab protocol. The isolates were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were performed according to CLSI guidelines. Results A total of 1436 NTS isolates were obtained from faeces samples mostly comprising of S. Typhimurium (27.3%), S. Weltevreden (13%), S. Bareilly (11%), S. Newport (4.2%), S. Cholerasuis (4%), S. Infantis (3.4%), and S. Enteritidis (2.4%). Resistance to nalidixic acid (26%) was most common among the tested NTS, followed by ampicillin (18.5%), cotrimoxazole (13.5%), ciprofloxacin (12%), ceftriaxone (6.3%) and chloramphenicol (3.6%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 5% of NTS isolates with the highest rate (10.52%) in 2014. The incidence of NTS infection was maximum in children < 5 years of age with an average 19.3% of the total affected patients during the time period. Conclusions Based on this study, the faecal NTS isolates have high resistance rates against first line antimicrobial agents except chloramphenicol. The gradual but consistent increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones, third generation cephalosporins and macrolide may restrict future treatment options. Hence periodic monitoring of NTS infections, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance trend is recommended.

Serotype Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella Isolates Recovered from Pork Carcasses in Taiwan (2000 through 2003)

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
TER-HSIN CHEN ◽  
YU-CHIH WANG ◽  
YI-TSENG CHEN ◽  
CHIA-HUEI YANG ◽  
KUANG-SHENG YEH
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

One hundred fifty-eight Salmonella strains isolated from pork carcasses in a nationwide screening program in Taiwan from 2000 through 2003 were analyzed for serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility. Twenty Salmonella serotypes were obtained, among which Derby, Anatum, Typhimurium, and Schwarzengrund were the most frequently isolated, accounting for 76% of the strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests with the microdilution method were performed on these serotypes to determine the MIC. All strains tested were sensitive to ceftriaxone, with an MIC90 (minimum concentration inhibiting 90% of isolates tested) of 0.25 to 8 μg/ml. More than 60% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and sulfamethoxazole, with MIC90 values of 128 to &gt;512 μg/ml. More than 80% of the Salmonella Schwarzengrund strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC90 = 8 μg/ml) and enrofloxacin (MIC90 = 16 μg/ml). The Salmonella Typhimurium strains exhibited 17 and 23% resistance to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, respectively, with an MIC90 of 8 μg/ml, and these two antibiotics also were active against Salmonella Derby and Salmonella Anatum. Cephalothin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim had limited activity against Salmonella Anatum and Salmonella Schwarzengrund, with MIC90 values of 256 to &gt;512 μg/ml. Cephalothin and gentamicin were moderately active against Salmonella Derby and Salmonella Typhimurium, but 30 to 40% of these strains were resistant to trimethoprim. The Salmonella strains isolated from pork carcasses in Taiwan were relatively resistant to the antimicrobial agents tested, with the exception of ceftriaxone. Although a variety of MIC values were obtained, generally these values were high.

scholarly journals Diversity of plasmids inStaphylococcus saprophyticusisolated from urinary tract infections in women

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.G. Melo Cristino ◽  
A. Torres Pereira ◽  
L.G. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARYA group of 150Staphylococcus saprophyticusstrains isolated from urinary tract infections in women were included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that these isolates were sensitive to most antimicrobial agents. All strains were sensitive to penicillin. cephalothin. gentamicin. kanamvcin. trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin. Resistance to tetracycline was present in 10·6% of the strains. to chioramphenicol in 4 % to erythromycin in 1·3% and to streptomvcin in 1·3% All strains were resistant to cadmium chloride as well as to novobioein and nalidixic acid. Plasmid analysis showed that 8·2 % of the strains harboured plasmids, some of them with complex plasmid profiles.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Salmonellosis in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Legesse Garedew ◽  
Semaria Solomon ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Hilina Worku ◽  
Debela Gemeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Background. Diagnosis using reliable tools and treatment followingin vitroantimicrobial susceptibility tests are critical to proper addressing of antibiotic-resistantSalmonellainfection.Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the practice of diagnosis and treatment of salmonellosis in Addis Ababa. Tube Widal test (for blood samples only), culture, biochemical and carbohydrate fermentation, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were employed for both blood and stool samples.Results. Of all the diseases listed in the diagnosis, nontyphoidal (n=72, 13.71%) and typhoidal (n=47, 8.95%) salmonellosis were the second and third common diseases. Among the 288 blood samples, almost half were positive for O, H, or both antigens. However, only 1 (0.68%) of the positive blood samples yieldedSalmonellaisolate during culture. The study demonstrated low specificity (0.68%) and positive predictive value (48.78%) of Widal test. Conversely, the test showed 100% sensitivity and negative predictive values.Salmonellaisolates were identified from 7 (7.07%) of 99 stool samples. Two-thirds of salmonellosis suspected patients received antibiotic treatment. However, only half of the confirmed salmonellosis patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics. All of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone but resistant to ampicillin.Conclusions. Majority of the patients who participated in this study were wrongly diagnosed using symptoms, clinical signs, and tube Widal test. Consequently, most of the patients received inappropriate treatment.

Effectiveness of ZnO Nano Particles against the Foodborne Microbial Pathogens E. coli and S. aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

In this work, various concentrations of ZnO nano particles, prepared by the coprecipitation method with a size range of 47-68 nm, have been investigated as antimicrobial agents. Dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out on two kinds of microbes (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli) according to the standard method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI-2015-M07-A10. The results showed that the antimicrobial effect is larger, the higher the concentration of ZnO nano particles in solution. It was also found that Gram-positive microbes are more sensitive to ZnO nano particles when compared with the Gram-negative ones. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E. coli was found to be 50 mg/mL while that for S. aureus was 25 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 1600 mg/mL for E. coli and 800 mg/mL for S. aureus.

Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from humans in California, 1968-1975

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
M L Bissett
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Breast Abscess ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
California Department ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

This paper reports on the serological and biochemical characteristics of 24 human isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica submitted to the California Department of Health from 1968 through 1975. Nine different serotypes were represented. The majority of strains were serotype O:8 (six strains) and serotype O:5 (five strains). Sources of the isolates included feces (12 cases), blood (3), sputum or throat (3), bile or bowel drainage (2), wounds (2), breast abscess (1), and skin abscess (1). Clinical histories indicated a number of different syndromes. Underlying medical conditions existed in 13 cases. Results of selected biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility tests on the strains indicated grouping compatible with the O serotypes of the organisms.

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