scholarly journals The influence of high and low doses of acrylamide on porcine erythropoiesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Snarska ◽  
Katarzyna Palus ◽  
Dominika Wysocka ◽  
Liliana Rytel
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Cytological Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractIntroductionDue to the widespread occurrence of acrylamide in the environment, its likely carcinogen status, and the suitability of the pig model as a human analogue, the authors decided to evaluate the impact of high and low doses of this compound on the processes of erythropoiesis in swine bone marrow.Material and MethodsThe experiment was carried out on Danish Landrace pigs at the age of eight weeks and body weight about 20 kg. The animals were divided into three equal groups consisting of five pigs in each. Control animals received empty gelatin capsules (placebos). Animals from the first experimental group received a low dose of acrylamide of 0.5 μg/kg b.w./day (> 99% purity; Sigma-Aldrich, Poland), and animals from the second experimental group received a dose 10 times higher. Placebos and acrylamide capsules were administered with feed every morning for 28 days. After anaesthetisation of the animals, bone marrow from the femur was collected into tubes without an anticoagulant on days 0 and 28. After drying and staining, bone marrow smears were subjected to detailed cytological evaluation using a light microscope.ResultsThis study showed that high and low doses of acrylamide affected the process of porcine erythropoiesis. The cytotoxic effect of acrylamide on this process was demonstrated in a change of the polychromatic erythroblasts/normochromatic erythroblasts ratio.ConclusionBoth doses of acrylamide caused a decrease in the number of ortho- and polychromatic erythroblasts.

scholarly journals Acrylamide-induced changes of granulopoiesis in porcine bone marrow

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Grzybowska ◽  
Anna Snarska
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Cytological Evaluation ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Introduction Due to the widely documented and diverse toxic effects of acrylamide, the authors decided to evaluate the impact of high and low doses of this compound on the process of granulopoiesis in porcine bone marrow. Material and Methods The experiment was conducted on 15 Danish Landrace pigs at the age of 8 weeks. The animals were randomly assigned into three equal groups (n = 5). Control animals received empty gelatine capsules as placebo. Animals in the first experimental group (the LD group) received a low dose of acrylamide of 0.5 μg/kg b.w./day, and animals in the second experimental group (the HD group) received a tenfold higher dose of acrylamide of 5 μg/kg b.w./day. Placebo and acrylamide capsules were administered with feed every morning for 28 days. Bone marrow was collected into tubes without an anticoagulant twice – before the first capsule administration (day 0) and on the 28th day of the study. After drying and staining, bone marrow smears were subjected to detailed cytological evaluation under a light microscope. Results Changes in cell morphology, i.e. degenerative changes in the cellular nuclei, were observed in both experimental groups. Both low and high doses of acrylamide decreased the number of segmented eosinophils, neutrophilic and segmented metamyelocytes, neutrophils, as well as basophils and basophilic metamyelocytes. Conclusion Acrylamide at doses of 0.5 μg/kg b.w./day and 5 μg/kg b.w./day clearly influences porcine granulopoiesis.

Tailored Low Dose Lenalidomide with Low Dose Dexamethasone (len/dex) in Previously Treated Patients with Multiple Myeloma Older Than 70 Years Requiring Treatment.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4950-4950
Author(s):  
Angel Ruedas ◽  
Ricardo Perez ◽  
Valentin Garcia ◽  
Alicia Smucler ◽  
Pilar Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Bone Marrow Toxicity ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Previously Treated

Abstract Abstract 4950 Background & Aims The management of elderly patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) previously treated requiring further therapy (although in most cases palliative) is very difficult due to the presence of concomitant diseases, decreased bone marrow reserve, systemic toxicity, relatively decreased renal function and general problems of old age. As in this setting the tolerability of standard doses of conventional chemotherapy, high doses of dexamethasone or IMiDs is a concern, we report the preliminary results of the combination of tailored low doses of lenalidomide (len) and low doses of dexamethasone (dex). Methods We retrospective analyze the results of the combination of low dose lenalidomide and low dose of dexamethasone (len/dex) in 14 patients aged over 70 years with pretreated MM and progressive disease. Low doses of len (5-10 mg daily for 21days) were initially given and flexibly modified in subsequent cycles according to response and toxicity, along with low doses of dex (20-40 mg/day for 4 days) in most (12) patients. G-CSF and red cell transfusions were used when needed. Patient risk was stratified following the Salmon and Durie (S&D) score and the International Staging System (ISS). Response was assessed with the IMWG criteria. Results Median age was 80 years (70-90). All patients had received between 2-5 different previous modality treatments (m=2), including bortezomib (7), thalidomide (4) or PBSCT (2). 11 pts had IgG, m=3397mg/dl (868-4990), 2 IgA m=1460 (1050-1870) and another one BJ. 9 pts had κ and 4 » light chains. Median Hemoglobin level was 10 gr/dl (7.2-11.4) and median creatinine level 1.19 mg/dl (0.75-1.63). 11 (78%) had bone disease. 9 pts had S&D stage II, 4 stage III and another one stage I. 7 pts had ISS stage II, 4 had stage I and 2 stage III. Patients received between 2 and 13 cycles of len/dex (m=6.8). 11 pts (78%) achieved Partial Remission (PR) and 2 (14%) achieved significant, but lesser that 50%, reduction of the M-component (Stable Disease: Std). Overall response (PR+Std) occurred in 13/14 patients (92.8%). The best response occurred between 2-12 cycles of len/dex. Grade III-IV bone marrow toxicity occurred in 5 pts (35 %) and neurological toxicity (PNP) in 5 pts (35%) (all of them had received previous bortezomib or thalidomide). Treatment was stopped in 6 pts: for unrelated causes (1), due to neurological (3) or haematological (1) toxicity and in 2 pts after achieving Std and both relapsed after 3 months. Conclusions Treatment with tailored low doses of lenalidomide and low doses of dexamethasone (len/dex) is an active and tolerable option for previously treated elderly patients with symptomatic MM. Low lenalidomide doses can be flexibly modified according to the quality of the response and the hematological toxicity that is expectable and manageable. Previous treatments with bortezomib or thalidomide is associated with neurotoxicity. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Alteration of Cytokine Profiles in Uranium Miners Exposed to Long-Term Low Dose Ionizing Radiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
YiShui Chen ◽  
XiaoLiang Li ◽  
ShuJie Lei ◽  
QingFeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Uranium Miners ◽  
Antibody Arrays ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective.The aim of the study is to estimate the immune function through cytokine profiles in sera of uranium mines.Methods.Antibody arrays were used to detect 50 cytokines in sera of uranium miners. Miners who had continuously worked underground for <5 years were treated as control group and those who worked for⩾5 years as experimental group.Results.Of 28 measurable cytokines, the release of IL-1α, IL-1RI, IL-15, IL-3, and IP-10 were significantly upregulated in the experimental group, and no cytokine was found significantly downregulated. Other proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, and TNFαlevels were slightly upregulated in the experimental group. With adjustment to age, BMI, and cigarette smoking, IL-1αand IL-3 levels increased significantly with underground time.Conclusion.Alteration of cytokine profiles in this study may indicate persistent inflammatory responses in uranium miners exposed to long-term low doses radiation.

scholarly journals Expediency of change of exercises at power training

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
O.A. Volodchenko ◽  
V.B. Khudiakova ◽  
Yu.O. Volodchenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The article considers the impact of changing training aids during weight training in the gym, without changing the amount of load and intensity. The study involved twenty-eight visitors to the gyms of the city of Kharkov, from 18 to 32 years and experience of one year. The study was conducted in two stages, the duration of each was 2 months. The control group was engaged without changing the exercises, and the experimental group with changing the exercises in the second stage. The volume and intensity of the load did not differ between the groups. Results. Anthropometric indicators were studied at the beginning and end of the second stage of the study. The equipment used Tanita RD 545 scales, an application for the My tanita mobile device, and an elastic band for measuring circles. The experimental group improved their results in the following indicators: body weight, fat percentage, muscle mass, shoulder circumference, chest and thigh circumference. At the end of the study, the experimental group surpassed the control group as a result of the following indicators: body weight, fat percentage, and muscle mass. The results of the circles of the muscle groups at the end of the study did not differ between the groups. Conclusions. Changing such factors of training influence as exercises has a positive effect on the result of fitness training in the gym. Despite the invariability of the amount of load and its intensity, the change in exercises led the participants of the experimental group to a significant improvement in performance, both in comparison with the beginning of the study and in comparison with the control group.

scholarly journals Low-molecular weight components of cow colostrum regulate bone marrow functions by modelling the redox-system of the organism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
A. I. Bozhkov ◽  
S. L. Ohiienko ◽  
A. Y. Bondar ◽  
E. G. Ivanov ◽  
N. I. Kurguzova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
In Vitro System

Colostrum is rich in various biologically active compounds such as immunotropic ones. Low molecular weight components were isolated from cow colostrum components (with a molecular weight of not more than 45 kDa). Their influence was investigated on intact Wistar Rattus norvegicus adult males in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 g/100 g of body weight. We determined content of lipid hydroperoxides and activity of serum glutathione peroxidase in blood serum, parameters of the bone marrow cells’ (BMCs) behaviour in the in vitro system (proliferation ability, morphologically identifiable and unidentifiable type of cells, lifespan of eosinophils). Morphological identifiable cells were stab neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, metamyelocytes, myelocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes. The low doses of colostrum components (0.01–0.10 g/100 g of body weight) did not affect the ratio of morphologically identifiable/unidentifiable cells. Administration of colostrum components at low doses (0.01 g/100 g of weight) increased the ability of BMCs to proliferate in the in vitro system. A super-large dose of colostrum components (5 g/100 g of body weight) was accompanied by a further loss of capacity for proliferation and cell death. Moreover, large doses of colostrum components resulted in change of balance to prooxidants (oxidants). The role of redox – system in BMCs functions was discussed. Large doses of colostrum components (1–5 g/100 g of body weight) were accompanied by a change of pro-antioxidant system balance. Only eosinophils were determined after administration of colostrum components in a large dose. It should be noted that the lifetime of eosinophils which developed under influence of colostrum components was greater than that of eosinophils obtained from control animals.

scholarly journals Productivity and slaughter index of young gees feeding of soybean lecithin and sunflower

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Orischuk ◽  
N. A. Ruban ◽  
S. V. Tsap ◽  
V. V. Mykytiuk ◽  
L. M. Darmohray
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Soy Lecithin ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of the impact of soy lecithin and sunflower on productivity and quality slaughter calves geese. Experimental studies were conducted with 200 geese breed «Danish lehart» which formed 5 groups. Since days old, I (control) group of geese received during the research period, complete feed is made in terms of private enterprise «Orbita», II, III, IV and V (experimental) group received a complete feed with the addition of its composition of different doses of lecithin sunflower instead of a similar amount of soybean meal. Experimental young geese fed complete ration that was balanced in essential nutrients. Over the entire period of growing the highest average increase in body weight observed in geese II experimental group, which was 95.2 g, which is 9.7% higher compared with the control. Advantage geese III, IV and V of experimental groups fed 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% soy lecithin, this indicator was 0.3%, 4.8% and 7.4% compared to analog control group. A similar trend was observed in terms of the absolute increase in body weight, where the highest increase was observed in the experimental group of geese II – 5711 g, which is 9.6% higher compared with the control. Feeding soy lecithin III, IV and V of the experimental group also tended to increase in absolute growth, namely 0.3%, 4.8% and 6.4% relative and 0.5% – 0.8%. To assess meat quality of young geese for the use of sunflower lecithin and soybean aged 60 days was held control slaughter to determine slaughtered parameters. In terms of pulp output young geese II experimental group exceeded by 16.3% (P < 0.01), analogues control group, the experimental group III geese by 4.4%, geese IV experimental group 6.4% (P < 0.05) and the experimental group geese V 8.5% respectively. By weight of skin with subcutaneous fat geese dominated research groups geese control group 12.3%, 7.1%, 5.2% and 9.9% respectively. Calculation of meat and osteal index showed that in II experimental group the figure was 1.86 and was 7.5% higher than the control at 3.5%, III research group – on 2.7%, IV group – to 1.6% and 0.5% V group respectively. Analyzing the findings can assert about the appropriateness of sunflower lecithin in the composition of complete feed young geese in an amount of 0.4%. Prospects of further research is to study the effects of different amounts and sources of sunflower lecithin in feeding breeder geese breed «Danish lehart».

scholarly journals Low-Dose Pesticides Alter Primary Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells through ALDH2 Inhibition

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5699
Author(s):  
Amélie Foucault ◽  
Noémie Ravalet ◽  
Joevin Besombes ◽  
Frédéric Picou ◽  
Nathalie Gallay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 ◽  
Primitive Hematopoiesis ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: The impact of occupational exposure to high doses of pesticides on hematologic disorders is widely studied. Yet, lifelong exposure to low doses of pesticides, and more particularly their cocktail effect, although poorly known, could also participate to the development of such hematological diseases as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in elderly patients. (2) Methods: In this study, a cocktail of seven pesticides frequently present in water and food (maneb, mancozeb, iprodione, imazalil, chlorpyrifos ethyl, diazinon and dimethoate), as determined by the European Food Safety Authority, were selected. Their in vitro effects at low-doses on primary BM-MSCs from healthy volunteers were examined. (3) Results: Exposure of normal BM-MSCs to pesticides for 21 days inhibited cell proliferation and promoted DNA damage and senescence. Concomitantly, these cells presented a decrease in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2: mRNA, protein and enzymatic activity) and an increase in acetaldehyde levels. Pharmacological inhibition of ALDH2 with disulfiram recapitulated the alterations induced by exposure to low doses of pesticides. Moreover, BM-MSCs capacity to support primitive hematopoiesis was significantly altered. Similar biological abnormalities were found in primary BM-MSCs derived from MDS patients. (4) Conclusions: these results suggest that ALDH2 could participate in the pathophysiology of MDS in elderly people long exposed to low doses of pesticides.

A Novel p53-Based Strategy for Protection of Bone Marrow and Gastrointestinal (GI) Track From Total Body Irradiation (TBI)-Induced Damage.

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 1454-1454
Author(s):  
Chul S. Ha ◽  
Suthakar Ganapathy ◽  
Zhi Min Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
P53 Activation

Abstract Abstract 1454 Purpose: Recognizing p53 activation as the primary mechanism that underlies radiation-induced damage to bone marrow and GI track, we aim to explore the use of low dose arsenic-induced transient p53 inhibition as a novel strategy for radiotherapy protection. Methods: Expanding from our recent finding that low-dose of arsenic can suppress radiation-induced p53 activation and subsequent apoptosis, we used a mouse model to test the potential of arsenic in protection of bone marrow and GI track against TBI induced damage. Arsenic pretreatment was carried out by feeding sex-matched mice (4-6 weeks of age) with water with or without 1.0 mg/L sodium arsenic for three days. Mice were randomized into following groups; control; arsenic only; irradiation only; arsenic and irradiation. Mice were then irradiated with 2Gy TBI daily for 7 days. Radiation-induced bone marrow and GI track damages were analyzed histologically with H&E staining 4 weeks after last treatment. Animal body weight was monitored as a measure of toxicity. To test the prediction that arsenic would not provide protection for malignant cells because of their defect in p53, a lung carcinoma cell line NCI-H358 was used to generate a mouse xenograft model. Treatments were initiated three weeks after implantation when the lung carcinoma cells developed into readily visible tumor with an average volume of approximately 100 mm3. Tumor volumes were measured periodically. Tumor volume was calculated using the equation: (volume = length × width × depth × 0.5236 mm3). Two independent experiments were done and the tumor volumes are means ± SE from total of 10 mice per group. Results: Consistent with published results, mice treated with irradiation significantly lost their body weight. TBI-induced body weight loss was effectively prevented by arsenic pretreatment (Fig. 1A). In line with the data of body weight change, radiation treatments were associated with severe damages to small intestine and bone marrow cells, and remarkably, such damages were significantly reduced by low-dose arsenic pretreatment (Fig. 1B). The results together demonstrate the potential of low-dose arsenic to effectively protect bone marrow and GI track to radiation-induced damage. In tumor xenograft models, the tumor volume of the control group continued to increase with time. Arsenic treatment did not have any detectable effect on growth of the implanted tumors. As expected, irradiation with 2Gy of TBI daily for 7 days resulted in marked tumor regression. Arsenic pretreatment showed little effect on irradiation-induced tumor suppression (Fig. 2), indicating that low-dose arsenic pretreatment does not detectably affect the efficacy of radiation, at least in the human lung carcinoma xenograft mouse model. Collectively, the results demonstrate that a brief treatment with low-dose arsenic is associated with a marked protection of bone marrow and GI track without compromising the ability of irradiation to kill carcinoma cells. Conclusion: The animal studies have provided proof-of-principle for the use of low-dose arsenic in radiotherapy protection of bone marrow and GI track, serving as strong rationales to initiate clinical trials. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low Dose of Cadmium on Growth, Reproduction and Chicken Viability

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
E. Marettová ◽  
M. Maretta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Shell Weight

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is considered to be a highly polluting heavy metal with toxic effects on health and reproduction. In this study, the effects of low dose cadmium on growth, reproductive properties, and egg properties were studied. Cadmium as cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at a dose of 3 mg Cd.kg−1 was added as a feed supplement. The following parameters were evaluated: body weight, egg production, fertility, hatching, embryo and chick mortality, and egg quality characteristics. After 2 months of exposure to low doses of cadmium, the body weight increased in the cocks and did not change in the laying hens. Egg production was not affected, while fertility increased. The values of egg weight and hardness, thickness and shell weight were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The embryo mortality in the experimental group was lower (6.5 % vs. 12.8 %) compared to the control group. The hatching was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the loss in 7 day old chickens was similar to that in the control group. Although the toxic effects of cadmium on reproduction and accumulation in poultry bodies have been generally described, low-doses of cadmium given to adult hens and cocks has improved the reproductive parameters and qualitative properties of laying hen eggs. The results related to the reproduction and quality of eggs obtained in this study have the characteristics of the hormetic effects of low cadmium uptake.

scholarly journals Enrofloxacin Alters Fecal Microbiota and Resistome Irrespective of Its Dose in Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Feyisa Beyi ◽  
Debora Brito-Goulart ◽  
Tyler Hawbecker ◽  
Brandon Ruddell ◽  
Alan Hassall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
C 32 ◽  
And Control

Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug used to prevent and control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex in multiple or single doses, ranging from 7.5 to 12.5 mg/kg body weight. Here, we examined the effects of high and low doses of a single subcutaneously injected enrofloxacin on gut microbiota and resistome in calves. Thirty-five calves sourced for this study were divided into five groups: control (n =7), two low dose groups (n = 14, 7.5 mg/kg), and two high dose groups (n = 14, 12.5 mg/kg). One group in the low and high dose groups was challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica to induce BRD. Both alpha and beta diversities were significantly different between pre- and post-treatment microbial communities (q < 0.05). The high dose caused a shift in a larger number of genera than the low dose. Using metagenomic ProxiMeta Hi-C, 32 unique antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to six antibiotic classes were detected with their reservoirs, and the high dose favored clonal expansion of ARG-carrying bacterial hosts. In conclusion, enrofloxacin treatment can alter fecal microbiota and resistome irrespective of its dose. Hi-C sequencing provides significant benefits for unlocking new insights into the ARG ecology of complex samples; however, limitations in sample size and sequencing depth suggest that further work is required to validate the findings.

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