scholarly journals Comparison of a barium chloride test with ELISA for pregnancy detection in cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Ismaeel Dana ◽  
Mnnat Talib Ghaidan ◽  
Rafiq Hamakarim Mukhtar ◽  
Hiewa Othman Dyary
Keyword(s):  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Macroscopic Examination ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractIntroductionEarly detection of pregnancy is vital for appropriate reproductive management programmes to facilitate the rapid re-insemination of non-pregnant females and reduce the calving interval.Material and MethodsA barium chloride test was compared with a commercial progesterone ELISA to detect pregnancy in non-descriptive cows and investigate if it could be applied as an alternative to ELISA in the field. Blood and urine samples were collected from 74 cows with recorded insemination dates. The progesterone ELISA and barium chloride assay were implemented to detect progesterone (P4) in blood and urine specimens, respectively. The cows' reproductive systems were examined after they were slaughtered to determine the uterus's status. Macroscopic examination of the uterus was used as a reference standard for both tests.ResultsThe sensitivity rates of the P4 ELISA and barium chloride test to detect pregnant cows were 100.0% and 79.4%, and to detect the corpus luteum (CL) were 83.0% and 87.0%, respectively, their sensitivity increasing in the presence of the CL. The ELISA and barium chloride tests were 79.7% and 52.7% accurate in the diagnosis of pregnancy. The accuracy of the barium chloride test in CL detection increased to 81.0%, and that of the ELISA to 86.4%. There were no significant differences (P = 0.052) between the barium chloride assay and ELISA when they were utilised for the identification of the CL.ConclusionThe barium chloride test can be an inexpensive and time-saving alternative to ELISA in pregnancy diagnosis when the insemination date is known.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF A RAPID TEST WITH bPAG ELISA IN PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN COWS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475-1481
Author(s):  
O. I. Dana ◽  
R. H. Mukhtar ◽  
M. O. Mohammed ◽  
H. O. Dyary
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
In Pregnancy

Early pregnancy detection is vital for properly managing livestock farms by re-inseminating nonpregnant females and minimizing the calving intervals. The present investigation was executed to compare a rapid test (Dairy Cow Pregnancy Test from Span Biotech Ltd. Shenzhen, China) with a commercial bPAG ELISA test (IDEXX®) for pregnancy diagnosis in non-descriptive cows. The study also aimed to elucidate if the rapid test could be an alternative method to ELISA in the field. Blood and urine samples were collected from 43 cows to measure the concentrations of bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (bPAGs) in the blood samples and detect progesterone via the rapid test in the urine samples. Examining the genital tracts was achieved after slaughtering the cows to determine the uterus’ state, used as the reference standard for both tests. The results showed that the bPAG ELISA test was more accurate in pregnancy detection than the rapid test. However, there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between both methods’ results. We conclude that the rapid test can be a suitable alternative method to the bPAG ELISA test for diagnosing pregnancy in cows in field conditions.

DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON TESTOSTERON UND EPITESTOSTERON BEI FRAUEN AM ENDE DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
K. Schollberg ◽  
E. Seiler ◽  
J. Holtorff
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Female Foetus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone by women in late pregnancy has been studied. The mean values of 22 normal women in pregnancy mens X are 12.9 ± 9.2 μg/24 h in the case of testosterone and 16.1 ± 16.2 μg/24 h in the case of epitestosterone. Both values do not differ significantly from those of non-pregnant females. The excretion values of mothers bearing a male foetus (17.3 ± 8.9 μg/24 h) are higher than those of mothers with a female foetus (6.4 ± 4.8 μg/24 h). The difference is statistically significant with P = 0.01.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a GC-MS Method for the Detection and Quantification of Clotiapine in Blood and Urine Specimens and Application to a Postmortem Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Mannocchi ◽  
Flaminia Pantano ◽  
Roberta Tittarelli ◽  
Miriam Catanese ◽  
Federica Umani Ronchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Introduction. Clotiapine is an atypical antipsychotic of the dibenzothiazepine class introduced in a few European countries since 1970, efficient in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. There is little published data on the therapeutic and toxic concentrations of this drug.Aims. The aim of the present study is the development and validation of a method that allows the detection and quantification of clotiapine in blood and urine specimens by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods. Validation was performed working on spiked postmortem blood and urine samples. Samples were extracted with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) technique at pH 8.5 with n-hexane/dichloromethane (85/15 v/v) and analysis was followed by GC-MS. Methadone-d9 was used as internal standard.Results. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.2 and 1.3 ng/mL for urine and blood, respectively, while the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 3.9 and 4.3 ng/mL, respectively. Linearity, precision, selectivity, accuracy, and recovery were also determined. The method was applied to a postmortem case. The blood and urine clotiapine concentrations were 1.32 and 0.49 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusions. A reliable GC-MS method for the detection and quantification of clotiapine in blood and urine samples has been developed and fully validated and then applied to a postmortem case.

scholarly journals Validity of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for Identification of Humeroradial Joint Chondral Lesions: A Preliminary Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Chelsea M. Lohman ◽  
Michael P. Smith ◽  
Gregory S. Dedrick ◽  
Jean-Michel Brismée
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Chondral Lesions ◽  
Macroscopic Examination ◽  
Rule Out

Context: Epicondylalgia is a common condition involving pain-generating structures such as tendon, neural, and chondral tissue. The current noninvasive reference standard for identifying chondral lesions is magnetic resonance imaging. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MUS) may be an inexpensive and effective alternative. Objective: To determine the intrarater reliability and validity of MUS for identifying humeroradial joint (HRJ) chondral lesions. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Clinical anatomy research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-eight embalmed cadavers (14 women, 14 men; mean age = 79.5 ± 8.5 years). Main Outcome Measure(s): An athletic trainer performed MUS evaluation of each anterior and distal-posterior capitellum and radial head to identify chondral lesions. The reference standard was identification of chondral lesions by gross macroscopic examination. Intrarater reliability for reproducing an image was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (3,k) for measurements of the articular surface using 2 images. Intrarater reliability to evaluate a single image was calculated using the Cohen κ for agreement as to the presence of chondral lesions. Validity was calculated using the agreement of MUS images and gross macroscopic examination. Results: Intrarater reliability was 0.88 (95% confidence interval = 0.77, 0.94) for reproducing an image and 0.93 (95% confidence interval = 0.80, 1.06) for evaluating a single image. Identifying chondral lesions on all HRJ surfaces with MUS demonstrated sensitivity = 0.93, specificity = 0.28, positive predictive value = 0.58, negative predictive value = 0.77, positive likelihood ratio = 1.28, and negative likelihood ratio = 0.27. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal ultrasound is a reliable and sensitive tool for a clinician with relatively little experience and training to rule out HRJ chondral lesions. These results may assist with clinical assessment and decision making in patients with lateral epicondylalgia to rule out HRJ chondral lesions.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF FOSFOMYCIN AND NITROFURANTOIN THERAPY IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION DURING PREGNANCY.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwas Baheti
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Significant Superiority ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Urinary tract infections in pregnancy can be complications if the microbes causing it are proven to be resistant to standard use antibiotics. Routinely a multi-dose regimen of nitrofurantoin is used as a management protocol, however recent literatures have highlighted the relative efficacy of Fosfomycin in successful treatment. The present study was done to comparatively assess the efficacy of single dose Fosfomycin and standard dose nitrofurantoin in UTI among pregnant females, Methodology: Study employed a pool of 60 subjects divided equally in two groups. The groups were provided either with Fosfomycin or nitrofurantoin. Observations: Fosfomycin showed a lower rate of side effects and microbial resistance as compared to nitrofurantoin. The clinical and laboratory analysis revealed a statistically significant superiority of Fosfomycin in the selected study sample. Conclusion: Fosfomycin showed a better outcome compared to nitrofurantoin in the selected study sample. Keywords: Fosfomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Pregnancy, UTI

scholarly journals Correlation of different obstetrical factors with hemoglobin level in pregnant females.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 625-630
Author(s):  
Iffat Imran ◽  
Nusrat Zareen Bashir ◽  
Umber - Fatima ◽  
Imran Nazir ◽  
Rizwan Rasul Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Inter Pregnancy Interval ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: To assess the correlation of different obstetrical factors with the hemoglobin level in multiparous pregnant females in Taif KSA. Anemia in pregnancy is a multifactorial phenomenon, among which obstetrical factors like parity, previous H/O abortions, inter pregnancy interval, mode of delivery etc are frequently associated. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Outpatient department in King Faisal Hospital (KFH), Taif, Saudi Arabia. Period: 1st June 2018 and 31st August 2018. Material & Methods: Conducted in 200 pregnant women by random sampling technique. Hemoglobin value and all patient’s data was noted. All data was fed to SPSS version 23.0 and statistically analyzed using chi square test for qualitative and student’s t test for quantitative data. Results: The study was conducted in 200 patients that showed that there was no statistically significant association of increasing parity, inter pregnancy interval, mode of delivery (NVD or Cesarean section) & history of anemia and PPH in preceding pregnancy with the Hemoglobin level. While history of previous abortion is associated and a risk factor for anemia in pregnancy, 50% with history of 01 previous abortion had anemia while 100% of the cases with history of 02 previous abortions had moderate anemia. (Table-II). This association was observed statistically significant with p value of 0.001. Conclusion: This study concluded that anemia is a predictable as well as preventable entity. Obstetrical factors may be the contributory factors of anemia in pregnancy. Health education awareness programs, regular antenatal visits and iron supplements can be helpful to improve heath of pregnant women.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF VERAPAMIL IN BLOOD AND URINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 3403-3407
Author(s):  
Georgi Bonchev ◽  
◽  
Snezha Zlateva ◽  
Petko Marinov ◽  
Ivelina Stefanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Fluorescent Detection ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Simple Liquid ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Specimens

Purpose: To adapt and validate an HPLC method for verapamil determination in blood and urine samples. Materials/Methods: Identification of verapamil and its metabolites was made by means of gas-chromatography, using Agilent 7890B/5977A GC-MS system featuring a DB-1701 column. Quantification was done by means of liquid chromatography on Agilent 1260 series HPLC, equipped with Zorbax Extend-C18 column and both diode-array and fluorescent detection modules. Blood and urine specimens were taken from patients of the Clinic for intensive treatment of acute intoxications and toxicoallergies within the course of their treatment. Results: GC-MS identification of verapamil and its metabolites was carried out after simple liquid-liquid extraction of samples without further chemical derivatization. Adapted HPLC method for quantification require isocratic conditions and mobile phase, consisted of phosphate buffer (pH 2.7; 10 mM) containing 1.5 ml L–1 triethylamine – acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) at 20oC, flow-rate 1.0 mL/min and FLD detection (excitation: 203 nm, emission: 320 nm). The method was demonstrated to be linear within the whole region of interest (4.6-4600 ng mL–1) with excellent accuracy (101.7-102.2%) and inter-day precision (5.81%) as well as good analytical recovery (81.2%) and LOQ (7.0 ng mL–1). Conclusion: A precise and easy to use method for verapamil detection and quantification is developed. The method is applicable as a routine procedure in the Laboratory of analytical toxicology for both diagnosis clarification in cases of acute intoxications and therapeutic drug monitoring.

scholarly journals Influenza Illness in Pregnant Indian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaiz A. Koul ◽  
Nargis K. Bali ◽  
Hyder Mir ◽  
Farhat Jabeen ◽  
Abida Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
North India ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
In Pregnancy

Data about burden of influenza in pregnancy in India are scant. In order to assess the contribution of influenza to acute respiratory illness (ARI) in pregnancy, 266 north Indian pregnant females with febrile ARI were studied from December 2014 to May 2015. Twin nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were obtained and tested for influenza viruses by RT-PCR. Fifty (18.8%) patients tested positive for influenza (A/H1N1pdm09 in 41, A/H3N2 in 8, and influenza B Yamagata in 1). Rigors, headache, and a family history of ARI were significantly more frequent in influenza positive patients. Oseltamivir and supportive therapy were administered to all confirmed cases. Nine influenza positive cases needed hospitalization for their respiratory illness, and 5 developed respiratory failure. Of these, 4 (3 in third trimester) succumbed to their illness. We conclude that influenza viruses are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality among pregnant females with ARI in north India. As such, appropriate preventive strategies of influenza vaccination and early initiation of antiviral therapy during illness are stressed.

OESTRIOL METABOLISM IN PREGNANT WOMEN

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Goebelsmann ◽  
R. B. Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT A combination of 3H-labelled oestriol (OE3) and 14C-labelled oestriol-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-16Gl) was infused over 6 hours to two women at midpregnancy. The urinary metabolites were isolated, quantitated and identified. Some 90% of the tritiated and about 98% of the 14C-labelled material administered was recovered from urine specimens collected for 48 hours. About 63% of the 3H-labelled material recovered was found to be OE3-16Gl, some 29% oestriol-3-glucosiduronate (OE3-3Gl), approximately 5% oestriol-3-sulphate-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-3S,16Gl) and about 3% oestriol-3-sulphate (OE3-3S). From the 14C-labelled material recovered, approximately 72% was isolated as OE3-16Gl, about 25% as OE3-3Gl, some 3% as OE3-3S,16Gl and only a minute portion was found to be OE3-3S. No unconjugated labelled material was found to be excreted. All the 3H- and 14C-labelled material isolated as OE3-16Gl was identified as such; no oestriol-17-glucosiduronate could be detected. The urinary excretion of endogenous oestriol conjugates also was measured and found to vary over 24 hours. Their per cent distribution agreed well with that of the 3H-labelled conjugates in both cases. This study confirms and completes our previous studies on OE3-16Gl, OE3-3S, OE3-3Gl and OE3-3S,16Gl metabolism in pregnant women. A scheme is presented, delineating the quantitative aspects of OE3 metabolism. The data indicate that circulating OE3-16Gl is formed from circulating OE3 at 77% of the rate at which OE3 enters the circulation. The urinary excretion rate of circulating OE3-16Gl was calculated to be 55% of its rate of entry into the circulation. These findings suggest that renal clearance mechanisms, rather than the rate of 16-glucosiduronation, are a rate limiting factor in the disposition of oestriol in pregnancy.

4. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Pregnancy

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanthi Yadav ◽  
Arneet Arora ◽  
B P Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Central Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Predisposing Conditions ◽  
In Pregnancy

Sudden unexpected death in many instances comes with stimulating or interesting findings, often in contrast to the history provided. Two cases of sudden death in pregnant females with central venous thrombosis are described, because of their rarity. The incidence, etiological factors, predisposing conditions and the ethical and legal questions arising from such deaths are discussed.

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