scholarly journals New insights into the prevalence and phylogenetic diversity of Cysticercus ovis isolates in sheep from Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aram Ahmad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cysticercus Ovis

Abstract Introduction Although ovine cysticercosis is not a zoonotic problem, it results in substantial economic losses due to the condemnation of infected tissues or entire carcasses. This study aimed to record preliminary data on the prevalence, and phylogenetic diversity of Cysticercus ovis isolates from slaughtered sheep in the province of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Material and Methods From January to September 2020, 6, 411 slaughtered sheep were examined for C. ovis by routine meat inspection. The amplification and sequence analysis of the COX1 gene for up to 35 specimens of C. ovis was performed using conventional PCR. Results The overall prevalence rate was 1.3%, and the prevalence was significantly higher in older sheep (>1 year) than younger ones (<1 year) (P< 0.05). The cardiac muscle showed a higher tendency to carry C. ovis infection compared to other examined muscles. Sequence analysis of the COX1 gene revealed six haplotypes, and the level of pairwise nucleotide diversity between individual haplotypes was 1–2%. Five out of six of the Taenia ovis haplotypes recovered could have been recorded for the first time globally. Phylogenetic interpretation indicated that all the T. ovis haplotypes clustered in a single clade, and it also indicated an extremely close similarity to Iranian and New Zealand isolates. Conclusions Globally, this report adds new data on C. ovis genetic diversity, which provide an extremely useful molecular background with regard to future preventive as well as control strategies.

DNA Barcoding Reveals Intra-Species Genetic Diversity of Amphiesma stolatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Lalbiak zuala ◽  
◽  
H.T. Lalremsanga ◽  
Lalrin sanga ◽  
Lalmuan sanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elevational Range ◽  
First Time

Amphiesma stolatum is a widely distributed snake species. But the intra-species genetic information is still limited from India. This paper provides the first-time barcode data of A. stolatum (cox1 and 16s rRNA) sampled from Mizoram State, India. We compare the newly generated sequences with the conspecies sequences from the Indo-Malayan region, and establishes its phylogenetic relationship with its sister genera. We diagnosed a total of five haplotypes from the cox1 gene fragment with 0.844 and 0.004 as the haplotype diversity (hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi), respectively. The specimens from Mizoram showed a Kimura 2 parameter genetic distance of 0.21% (16s rRNA) and 1.05–1.22% (cox1) with the sequences from Guangdong Province, China; 1.22% (cox1) with the sequences from Hubei Province, China; 0.87–1.05% (cox1) with that from Taiwan; 8.05% with the specimen vouchered in the Natural History Museum, London. The mean intra-specific K2P distances are 4% and 0.36% in 16s rRNA and cox1, respectively. We also contribute new distributional records and elevational range, with notes on additional morphological data and occurrence of the two distinct morphs in Mizoram, Northeast India.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Ruminants Aborted Fetuses in Northern Iran Using Molecular and Bioassay Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Azimi ◽  
Afsaneh Amouei ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Nemat Shams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of warm-blooded species. This study aimed to obtain further information on the role of T. gondii infection in ruminant abortion (sheep, goats and cattle) using bioassay and PCR methods in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Methods: Overall, 104 aborted fetuses (52 bovine, 48 ovine, 4 caprine) were collected at different stages of gestation during the lambing seasons in various parts of Mazandaran Province from Mar 2016 to May 2017. Brains of 104 aborted fetuses were bioassayed in female BALB/c mice. DNA was extracted from all brain samples using phenol-chloroformisoamyl Alcohol instructions. RE gene was used for detection all of T. gondii DNA by conventional PCR assay. Results: The results of the bioassayed samples were negative because no tachyzoites or cyst were observed in the peritoneal and brain specimens of the mice. The detection of T. gondii DNA was confirmed by observation of a 529 bp band in 15 out of 104 fetuses (14.4%). The highest prevalence rate of T. gondii detected from sheep (16.6%) followed by cattle (13.4%) and goats (0%). The highest prevalence of the infection was observed in east area, while the lowest prevalence of the infection was observed in west area. Conclusion: T. gondii infection may partly be responsible for abortion and economic losses in livestock husbandry in this region. Therefore, further additional researches such as genotyping T. gondii and designing control strategies for improving management in livestock flocks are necessary.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mastitis in Nigerian livestock: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Hussaini Ojagefu Adamu ◽  
Rahimat Oshuwa Hussaini ◽  
Cedric Obasuyi ◽  
Linus Irefo Anagha ◽  
Gabriel Oscy Okoduwa
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMastitis is a disease of livestock that directly impede livestock production and thus hindering the socio-ecological development of sub-Saharan Africa. Studies have estimated the prevalence of this disease in 30% of Africa countries, with Ethiopia having the highest prevalence. The coverage is low, despite the wide livestock and dairy farms distribution in Africa. Furthermore, estimated economic losses due to the impact of mastitis are lacking in Nigeria. The disease is endemic in Nigeria as indicated by the available data and there are no proposed management plans or control strategies. This review is thus presented to serve as a wakeup call to all parties involved to intensify efforts towards the diagnosis, control, and management of the disease in Nigeria.

scholarly journals First Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Free-Living Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) from Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Teresa Letra Mateus ◽  
Maria João Gargaté ◽  
Anabela Vilares ◽  
Idalina Ferreira ◽  
Manuela Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
One Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Report ◽  
Wildlife Reservoirs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis that is prevalent worldwide. It is considered endemic in Portugal but few studies have been performed on Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and their hosts. In this study, CE cysts are reported for the first time in a free-living wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal. The presence of the metacestodes in the liver of the wild boar was identified by morphological features, microscopic examination and molecular analysis. The sequencing of part of the DNA nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region revealed a G5 genotype that presently corresponds to Echinococcus ortleppi. This is the first report of E. ortleppi in Portugal and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, in Europe. These results suggest that wild boar may be a host of CE, namely, crossing the livestock–wildlife interface, which has important public health implications. Wildlife reservoirs must be taken into account as CE hosts and surveillance of game as well as health education for hunters should be implemented using a One Health approach, with implementation of feasible and tailor-made control strategies, namely, proper elimination of byproducts in the field.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF34, ORF68, and MLST Genes in EHV-1 from South Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Hyung-Woo Kang ◽  
Eun-Yong Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Ki Lee ◽  
Mi-Kyeong Ko ◽  
Ji-Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Mlst Analysis ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Group 1

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen in horses. It affects horses worldwide and causes substantial economic losses. In this study, for the first time, we characterized EHV-1 isolates from South Korea at the molecular level. We then aimed to determine the genetic divergences of these isolates by comparing them to sequences in databases. In total, 338 horse samples were collected, and 12 EHV-1 were isolated. We performed ORF30, ORF33, ORF68, and ORF34 genetic analysis and carried out multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of 12 isolated EHV-1. All isolated viruses were confirmed as non-neuropathogenic type, showing N752 of ORF30 and highly conserved ORF33 (99.7–100%). Isolates were unclassified using ORF68 analysis because of a 118 bp deletion in nucleotide sequence 701–818. Seven EHV-1 isolates (16Q4, 19R166-1, 19R166-6, 19/10/15-2, 19/10/15-4, 19/10/18-2, 19/10/22-1) belonged to group 1, clade 10, based on ORF34 and MLST analysis. The remaining 5 EHV-1 isolates (15Q25-1, 15D59, 16Q5, 16Q40, 18D99) belonged to group 7, clade 6, based on ORF34 and MLST analysis.

scholarly journals Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Tilak Chandra Nath ◽  
Keeseon S. Eom ◽  
Seongjun Choe ◽  
Shahadat Hm ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Control Knowledge

Introduction: Endoparasites in captive wildlife might pose a threat to public health; however, very few studies have been conducted on this issue, and much remains to be learned, especially in limited-resource settings. This study aimed to investigate endoparasites of captive wildlife in Bangladesh. Perception and understanding of veterinarians regarding one health and zoonoses were also assessed. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to August 2020. A total of 45 fecal samples from 18 different species of wild animals (i.e., 11 species of mammals: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores, six birds, and a single reptile species) were collected randomly. Parasitological assessments were done by modified formalin ether sedimentation technique and rechecked by Sheather’s sugar floatation technique. Molecular identification of Spirometra spp. was conducted by amplifying the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene. Questionnaire surveys among 15 veterinarians and an in-depth interview (IDI) with a zoo officer were conducted. Results: Helminths (Spirometra sp., Capillaria sp., Ascaridia/Heterakis, opisthorchiid, strongyles, acuariid, hookworms, roundworms, and unidentified nematode larvae) and protozoa (coccidian oocyst) were identified, and the overall prevalence was 48.9% (22/45). The cox1 sequences (341 bp) of the Bangladesh-origin Spirometra species from lion showed 99.3–99.7% similarity to the reference sequences of Spirometra decipiens (GenBank No: KJ599679.1; MT122766). The majority of study participants (86.6%) agreed about the importance of endoparasite control in zoo animals, and 73.3% expressed that the one health concept should be promoted in Bangladesh. Only 6.7% of veterinarians perceived confidence in diagnosing parasitic diseases and preventing antiparasiticidal resistance. Conclusions: In the present survey, we found a considerable prevalence of endoparasites in captive wildlife. For the first time, zoonotically important S. decipiens from lion was molecularly characterized in Bangladesh. Veterinarian training is required to improve parasite control knowledge and practice. This study highlights the need for routine parasitological assessment, promotion of one health, and improvement of the implementation of current parasite control strategies in zoo animals.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi in chickens in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Runglawan Chawengkirttikul ◽  
Witchuta Junsiri ◽  
Amaya Watthanadirek ◽  
Napassorn Poolsawat ◽  
Sutthida Minsakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
High Entropy

AbstractLeucocytozoon sabrazesi is the intracellular protozoa of leucocytozoonosis, which is transmitted by the insect vectors and affects chickens in most subtropical and tropical regions of the globe, except South America, and causing enormous economic losses due to decreasing meat yield and egg production. In this study, L. sabrazesi gametocytes have been observed in the blood smears, and molecular methods have been used to analyse the occurrence and genetic diversity of L. sabrazesi in blood samples from 313 chickens raised in northern, western and southern parts of Thailand. The nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) assay based on the cytb gene revealed that 80.51% (252/313) chickens were positive of L. sabrazesi. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that L. sabrazesi cytb gene is conserved in Thailand, showed 2 clades and 2 subclades with similarity ranged from 89.5 to 100%. The diversity analysis showed 13 and 18 haplotypes of the sequences from Thailand and from other countries, respectively. The entropy analyses of nucleic acid sequences showed 26 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.24493 to 1.21056, while those of amino acid sequences exhibited 5 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.39267 to 0.97012. The results; therefore, indicate a high molecular occurrence of L. sabrazesi in chicken blood samples with the associated factors that is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hence, our results could be used to improve the immunodiagnostic methods and to find appropriate preventive control strategies or vaccination programs against leucocytozoonosis in order to mitigate or eliminate the harmful impact of this infection on chicken industry.

Enzootic Activity of Chlamydia in Farms Located in a Hotspot Area for Zoonosis Emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Andres Vanderhoeven ◽  
Jessica P. Mosmann ◽  
Adrián Díaz ◽  
Cecilia G. Cuffini
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

Abstract Chlamydias are obligated intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, considered important zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. We analyzed the presence of Chlamydial species with zoonotic risk in farm animals in a highly biodiverse area and with great human circulation, the Argentine, Brazil and Paraguay tri-border area. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals. DNA was extracted and specific PCR was performed to identify chlamydial species. We detected Chlamydia spp . in 6.5% (4/62) of the animals tested, positive samples belonged to cattle and none of them showed symptoms of respiratory disease nor had been diagnose with reproductive diseases. Specific nested PCR confirmed two samples belonged to C. pecorum and two to C. psittaci . We report for the first time Chlamydia circulation with zoonotic risk in the region. Surveys in birds and wild mammals could give a better understanding to know what Chlamydial species are circulating in the wild interface. The zoonotic potential should be taking into account as farm workers and the surrounding population could be silent carriers or have respiratory diseases being underdiagnosed, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnoses.

Control of inverters in standalone andgrid-connected microgrid using different control strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikash Gurugubelli ◽  
Arnab Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Transient Response ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simulink Simulation ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
First Time

Purpose The share of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the power system is increasing day by day. The RESs are intermittent, therefore maintaining the grid stability and power balance is very difficult. The purpose of this paper is to control the inverters in microgrid using different control strategies to maintain the system stability and power balance. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, different control strategies are implemented to the voltage source converter (VSC) to get the desired performance. The DQ control is a basic control strategy that is inherently present in the droop and virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control strategies. The droop and VSM control strategies are inspired by the conventional synchronous machine (SM). The main objective of this work is to design and implement the three aforementioned control strategies in microgrid. Findings The significant contributions of this work are: the detailed implementation of DQ control, droop control and VSM control strategies for VSC in both grid-connected mode and standalone mode is presented; the MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and comparative studies of the three aforementioned controllers are introduced first time in the proposed work; and the opal-RT digital real-time simulation results of the proposed VSM control show the superiority in transient response compared to the droop control strategy. Research limitations/implications In the power system, the power electronic-based power allowed by VSM is dominated by the conventional power which is generated from the traditional SM, and then the issues related to stability still need advance study. There are some differences between the SM and VSM characteristics, so the integration of VSM with the existing system still needs further study. Economical operation of VSM with hybrid storage is also one of the future scopes of this work. Originality/value The significant contributions of this work are: the detailed implementation of DQ control, droop control and VSM control strategies for VSC in both grid-connected mode and standalone mode is presented; the MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and comparative studies of the three aforementioned controllers are introduced first time in the proposed work; and the opal-RT digital real-time simulation results of the proposed VSM control show the superiority in transient response compared to the droop control strategy.

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