scholarly journals Environmental variables and macrophytes of lakes of the Chitwan National Park, Central Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Ashika Bhusal ◽  
Anjana Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
National Park ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Chitwan National Park

AbstractWetlands are areas where water is the primary factor controlling the environment, associated plant and animal life. The present study has been conducted to investigate the environmental variables of water and to make a quantitative analysis of aquatic macrophytes. Five lakes, i.e. Tamor, Beeshazar, Kingfisher, Athaieshazar and Chepang of the Chitwan National Park were studied during the post-monsoon season. Four different sites were studied for each lake. 12 replica of water samples were collected from each site of the lakes and environmental variables of water i.e. pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, conductivity, total hardness, nitrate, inorganic phosphorus, total solid matter and free CO2 were analyzed. Macrophyte floras were collected during field sampling with the help of a 1m×1m light wooden quadrat and herbaria were prepared following the standard technique. Altogether 10 quadrats (five paired quadrats) were plotted in each site of the study area. Data obtained from water analysis and macrophytes were analyzed by SPSS statistics 20 and CANACO version 4.5. Higher values of nitrate and inorganic phosphorus were found in Beeshazar Lake and Tamor Lake, i.e. 4.41 ±0.52 mg dm–3 and 2.93 ±0.29 mg dm–3, respectively. In most of the lakes, macrophyte species, mostly Eichhornia crassipes was found to be dominant in terms of the importance value index (IVI), whereas in Tamor Lake, Spirodela polyrhiza was dominant. All the studied lakes were in the hypereutrophic category on the basis of nitrate and phosphorus concentration. Runoff of polluted water with agricultural fertilizers, pesticides and untreated industrial discharge as well as domestic wastes from the Khageri canal and excessive growth of invasive macrophytes are major threats to the studied lakes. The luxuriant growth of invasive macrophytes like Eichhornia crassipes also revealed the productive nature of the lakes and they can be taken as ecological indicators of organic pollution.

scholarly journals Assessment of Temporal Variation of Water Quality Parameters and the Trophic State Index in a Subtropical Water Reservoir of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-184
Author(s):  
Md. Sirajul Islam ◽  
Yousuf Ali ◽  
Md. Humayun Kabir ◽  
Rofi Md. Zubaer ◽  
Nowara Tamanna Meghla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
State Index

This study was conducted to determine the suitability of water quality for fisheries management in Kaptai Lake from February 2019 to January 2020. Results showed that the temperature, transparency, TDS, pH, DO, EC, alkalinity and hardness were 20.9 to 31.8°C, 17 to 303 cm, 40 to 105 mg/L, 6.82 to 7.96, 6.1 to 7.65 mg/L, 75.33 to 172.33 µS/cm, 37 to 83 mg/L and 35 to 190 mg/L, respectively. However, nutrients as NH3, NO3-, NO2-, PO43- and SO42- were 0.01 to 0.05, 0.03 to 2.21, 36 to 96, 0.01 to 0.04 and 0.3 to 1.9 mg/L, respectively. Chlorophyll a and trophic state index (TSI) were 0.70 to 2.12 µg/L and 27.43 to 37.79, respectively. Study revealed that SO42-, DO and TDS were higher than the standard of ECR. On the other hand, NH3, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, temperature, transparency, pH, EC, total hardness, total alkalinity, Chlorophyll a and TSI were within the standard levels. Concentrations of NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, Chlorophyll a and TSI (CHL) showed no significant variation with seasons. Conversely, TDS, transparency, EC, alkalinity, hardness, and SO42- were lower in monsoon compared to pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Besides, temperature, NH3, DO and TSI (SD) were higher in monsoon season. Results concluded that the Kaptai Lake is in mesotrophic condition with TSI (CHL) less than 40, and prominently there was a positive relationship between Chlorophyll a and Trophic State Index (TSI). In this regard, major nutrients and Chlorophyll a concentration in the Kaptai Lake may have an impact on the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Ashura beel in Dinajpur district: Limnological aspect

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Z Ferdoushi ◽  
Y Ara ◽  
T Khatun ◽  
KKU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Limnological Parameters

An investigation was carried out on the limnological aspects of Ashura beel at Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. Several limnological parameters were evaluated from March 2013 to October 2013 from three sampling sites namely Kajladoho, Burirdoho and Sonnasydoho. Physical, chemical and biological parameters were analyzed fortnightly both at the field level and departmental laboratory of Fisheries Management, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur. Findings revealed that only water level in three sampling sites varied significantly. The ranges of water temperature, transparency, water level at three sampling sites were 24 to 35.50°C, 17 to 27.50 cm and 0.58 to 2.44 m, respectively. Moreover, the dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness and phosphate-phosphorus concentration were also remained within optimum ranges. Thirty four genera were recorded where phytoplankton includes 29 genera belonging to four groups such as euglenophyceae, cyanophyceae, bacillariophyceae and chlorophyceae and five genera of zooplankton in the four groups namely copepoda, rotifera, cladocera and crustacean larvae. Phytoplankton was dominated by chlorophyceae and zooplankton dominated by copepoda. The abundance of phytoplankton was positively correlated with water temperature, water level, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, hardness, pH, and phosphate-phosphorus. On the other hand, abundance of zooplankton negatively correlated with water temperature, transparency and water level. However, from the findings of this study suggested that the water quality parameters of the selected sites were found to be suitable for the survival of aquatic organism.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 103-112, January 2017

scholarly journals Water quality index method in assessing groundwater quality of Palakonda mandal in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh Kumar Nadikatla ◽  
Venkata SubbaRao Mushini ◽  
Phani Surya Murali Krishna Mudumba
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Index Method

AbstractClean, safe and acceptable fresh water is fundamental to the existence of life. There is still a serious problem with adequate availability of fresh and quality of water for human consumption. This study, therefore, assesses the relevance of groundwater in the selected sites of villages of Palakonda mandal in the Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, for consumption, based on different indices of water quality. Groundwater is the principal source for domestic and irrigation purposes in this region. In order to assess the quality of groundwater, 39 groundwater samples were collected during pre- and post-monsoon season from 2013 to 2016. The concentrations of physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness (TH), Ca(II), Mg(II), fluoride (F−), chloride (Cl−), dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity and nitrite (NO2−) were analyzed to compute Water Quality Index (WQI). The results of the concentrations were interpreted and compared with WHO (2012) and BIS (2012) standards. Correlation between various parameters was also computed, and the results were presented. The results of WQI computation infer that the groundwater of the selected sites in Palakonda mandal is rated as ‘good’ for human consumption.

scholarly journals Delineation of freshwater zones in the shallow coastal aquifers of Ernakulam-Chettuva region, Central Kerala, India using electrical resistivity methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRIJU C P ◽  
C M Sushanth ◽  
Vipin Balan P
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Shallow Aquifers ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

Abstract Freshwater zones in the shallow aquifers extending from Ernakulam to Chettuva region, central Kerala coast has been studied using electrical resistivity methods. Seasonal salinity patterns and hydrochemistry in the shallow aquifers in the region also has also been studied. The coastal zone is made up of shore parallel ridges and runnels formed by alternate marine trangressive and regressive events. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out at 33 locations in the area extending from the beach to approximately up to 10 km from the shoreline. The subsurface lithology and freshwater layers in the aquifer system was delineated from the resistivity model. The saline zones are intervening with fresh water zones at different depths along the coast. The salinity in the aquifer system seems to be either due to brackish water ingress or paleo-salinity. 107 dug wells from the study area were also monitored during 2008–2010 period in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The water samples collected in the post-monsoon 2008 was analysed for the physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, temperature, EC, total alkalinity, salinity, turbidity, TDS, chloride (Cl−), total hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−N and Fe2+. The pH of the water samples varied from 4.47–8.32 in the post-monsoon season and 3.5–9.21 in the pre-monsoon and 5.55–9.05 in the monsoon season. The EC values ranges from 58-4500 µ mhos/cm in the post-monsoon, 59-3753 µ mhos/cm in the pre-monsoon and 51-2637 µ mhos/cm in the monsoon season. TDS values ranges from 35-2700 mg/L in the post-monsoon, 38-21190 mg/L in the pre-monsoon and 32-1668 mg/L in the monsoon season. Hill-Piper diagram indicated Ca-HCO3 is the dominant water type followed by Na-Cl type and Na-HCO3 type. Other water types are Ca-Cl, Mg-HCO3, Mg-Cl, Ca-SO4 and MgSO4.

scholarly journals Variation in Primary Production in Relation to Physico-Chemical Parameters of Kadwai Reservoir, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Rathod ◽  
Balasaheb R. Chavan ◽  
Raghuvendra Pai
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

The present study has been carried out to study the status of primary productivity in relation to physiochemical parameters of the Kadwai reservoir of Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. The primary productivity was determined by estimating gross and net primary productivity. The experiment was conducted during the monsoon and post monsoon seasons from 1st June to 30th Nov 2015 to know the effect of organic run off on primary production of Kadwai reservoir. The physiochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, total alkalinity and transparency ranged from 27oC-30.5oC, 7.5-8.6, 3.2-7.0 mg/l, 46-75 mg/l, 56-95 mg/l, and 118-130 cm, respectively. The gross primary productivity (GPP) during monsoon was 0.07-0.11 gC/m3/hr in June, July and August 2015, respectively, which was very low, whereas GPP were increased during post monsoon season. The values were recorded as 0.12-0.48 gC/m3/hr in the months of September, October, and November 2015, respectively. The results indicated that during monsoon season, organic load is coming along with water in to the reservoir, but phytoplankton growth is minimum due to the heavy rain and flushing rate were high from the downstream of the reservoir. During post monsoon, primary productivity was increased. The results indicate that Kadwai reservoir is more productive during post monsoon season suitable for stocking fish seed.

scholarly journals A Research on Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Physico-Chemical Parameters of Groundwater of Velliangadu Village, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 394-396
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Physico Chemical

Groundwater quality plays an important role in conservation of water resources not only for the present generation but also for the future generation. Each and every harvest season witness excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in the agricultural fields. During a monsoon season these potential hazards leaches into the soil and mixes with the groundwater. This paper aimed at studying the Physico – chemical parameters of pre- and post-monsoon groundwater quality of Velliangadu Village of Coimbatore district in the state of Tamil Nadu to reveal the water quality parameters before and after a monsoon season. The Physico-chemical parameters considered for drinking water like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, chlorides etc. were analysed for pre-monsoon and postmonsoon groundwater samples collected from different areas and compared.

scholarly journals Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of surface water quality of Taudaha lake of Kathmandu and their comparison with other global published values

BIBECHANA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achut Ram Pradhananga ◽  
Ramesh Kaji Shakya ◽  
Pawan Raj Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Status

The aim of current study was to evaluate the status of Taudaha lake water with respect to different physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) in monsoon season 2012. Results reveal that almost all the physico-chemical parameters including the elemental investigation of the lake water have values within the range of the maximum permissible levels for drinking water. The results were compared with WHO water quality guidelines as well as with literature values reported for global lake water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v9i0.7189 BIBECHANA 9 (2013) 141-150

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Water Quality Parameters in Ramsar Site-Kolleru Lake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shivakrishna ◽  
Karankumar Ramteke ◽  
M Dhanya ◽  
R Charitha ◽  
Sahina Aktar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Kolleru lake is one of Asia’s largest freshwater lakes, which has undergone tremendous changes in the water quality due to the sewage, pollution and development of aquaculture in its surrounding area. This study is undertaken to evaluate the present water quality scenario existing in Kolleru lake, which has been affected seriously due to the anthropogenic disturbances since long. Water samples were collected from ten sampling locations within the lake during pre and post-monsoon seasons of 2017-18. A total of 11 water quality parameters were analysed such as pH, temperature, EC, TDS, TSS, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, salinity, COD, and nitrates. Parameters were estimated by using a standard protocol of APHA 2012. The spatial distribution maps of water quality were generated from pre and post monsoon data using Arc GIS software. Spatio-temporal variation of all parameters indicated that the water quality found was unsatisfactory within the Kolleru lake. The present study shows the better water quality in the post-monsoon season. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation spatial mapping was also used for water quality mapping to observe the environmental variation for protecting the important freshwater ecosystem-Kolleru lake. The outcome of GIS analysis demonstrated the spatial visualization of the lodging evolution and geographical distribution trends of water quality parameters within the study area.

scholarly journals Monthly variation and interrelationship of physicochemical characteristics of a perennial pond at a biological park in Patna, Bihar, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-502
Author(s):  
Sumona SANYAL ◽  
D. K. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Suitable Measure

The present study was designed to observe the monthly variation and interrelationship among the physicochemical characteristics of the surface water of a perennial pond situated at Biological park also known as Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan, Patna.  The different physicochemical parameters was determined for the period of two years i.e from May, 2016 to April, 2018 to analyse the pond water quality. The maximum value of water temperature, transparency, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, turbidity, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total alkalinity, chloride, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, nitrate, inorganic phosphorus, sodium,  potassium were found as 32.6 ± 0.24 °C; 24.57 ± 0.18 cm; 1510.66 ± 4.50 mg/l; 1210 ± 0.89 mg/l; 478.33 ± 2.11 mg/l; 37.46 ± 0.22 NTU; 8.54 ± 0.0245; 542 ± 11.57 µ S cm¯1; 8.216 ± 0.01 mg/l;  6.73 ± 0.074; 14.27 ± 0.114 mg/l, 269.36 ± 0.157 mg/l, 63.51 ± 0.13 mg/l, 333.33 ± 2.581 mg/l; 101.2 ± 0.089 mg/l; 19.13 ± 0.068  mg/l; 1.56 ± 0.004 mg/l; 1.43 ± 0.0078 mg/l; 7.726 ± 0.025 mg/l, 4.81 ± 0.215 mg/l respectively during the study period. This study therefore gives insight about the existing health of the pond and will be helpful to take suitable measure by the authorities to maintain the healthy environment and wholesomeness of the pond.

scholarly journals Assessment of potable water quality of surface water (tuikhur) and hand pumps in Siaha, southern Mizoram

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
John Blick ◽  
Shiva Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization

The present study focused on the physico-chemical characterization of potable water from hand pump (groundwater) and sub-surface (tuikhur) water in Siaha, Mizoram, during pre-monsoon season of 2017. pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4) and chloride (Cl) and their mean values obtained were 7.1, 67.72 mg/L, 103 mg/L, 1.8 NTU, 43.9 mg/L, 45 mg/L, 0.30 mg/L, 6.24 mg/L, 7.21 mg/L, 0.23 mg/L, 3.27 mg/L and 9.51 mg/L respectively. The results revealed that all these water samples were well within permissible limits established by World Health Organization (WHO), and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Hence, they are suitable for drinking purposes. However, Iron contents at few sites are found exceeding the permissible value of 0.3 mg/L.

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