scholarly journals FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF SINGULAR FIRST-PERSON PRONOUNS AND VERBS IN THE UTTERANCES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. A RESEARCH REPORT

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Monika Obrębska
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Person ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Positive Type

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present the results of a frequency analysis of first-person pronouns and verbs in utterance texts of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Method: The study involved 130 hospitalized psychiatric patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and 130 healthy individuals. As a result of the study, the largest corpus to date of marked utterance texts of schizophrenic patients in the Polish language was obtained. The ratio of the number of singular first-person personal pronouns and verbs to the total number of personal pronouns and verbs used in any particular text was calculated and was then averaged for each of the four studied groups: a group of patients with positive schizophrenia symptoms, a group of patients with negative schizophrenia symptoms, a control group for the patients with positive symptoms, and a control group for the patients with negative symptoms. Results: The highest mean was found for the group of patients with positive schizophrenia symptoms, and the lowest for the group of healthy individuals. This difference was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The “egocentric orientation” and difficulty in defining one’s own identity experienced by psychotic patients, especially those with the positive type of schizophrenia, are reflected in their lexical choices.

scholarly journals Grammatical and Semantic Acceptability of Utterance Texts of Patients Diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenia. A Research Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Monika Obrębska
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Positive Type ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Polish Language

The present study compared utterance texts of healthy individuals and individuals suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, by using a purpose-built Grammatico-Semantic Acceptability Quotient which examined the degree of linguistic acceptability of analyzed sentences. The study involved 130 hospitalized psychiatric patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and 130 healthy individuals. The study yielded the biggest so far corpus of marked utterance texts of schizophrenic patients in the Polish language. A total of 11,414 sentences were isolated, 7,180 of which were produced by individuals suffering from schizophrenia. The level of their acceptability was found to be considerably lower, especially in the case of sentences produced by patients with positive type schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Study of the Relationship between Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility Using 16SrRNA Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanxin Liu ◽  
Ren Zhang ◽  
Rong Shu ◽  
Jinjing Yu ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals

A lot of previous studies have recently reported that the gut microbiota influences the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Western countries, but the role of the gut microbiota in Chinese population must be investigated fully. The goal of this study was to determine the role of the gut microbiome in the initiation and development of CRC. We collected fecal samples of 206 Chinese individuals: 59 with polyp (group P), 54 with adenoma (group A), 51 with colorectal cancer (group CC), and 42 healthy controls (group HC).16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was used to compare the microbiota community structures among healthy controls, patients with polyp, and those with adenoma or colorectal cancer. Our study proved that intestinal flora, as a specific indicator, showed significant differences in its diversity and composition. Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes of group CC were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group (CC group: Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes were 217.3 ± 69, 4265.1 ± 80.7, and 268.6 ± 78.1, respectively; HC group: Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes were 228.8 ± 44.4, 272.9 ± 58.6, and 271.9 ± 57.2, respectively). When compared with the healthy individuals, the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in patients with colorectal cancer were significantly reduced: PCA and PCoA both revealed that a significant separation in bacterial community composition between the CC group and HC group (with PCA using the first two principal component scores of PC1 14.73% and PC2 10.34% of the explained variance, respectively; PCoA : PC1 = 14%, PC2 = 9%, PC3 = 6%). Wilcox tests was used to analyze differences between the two groups, it reveals that Firmicutes (P=0.000356), Fusobacteria (P=0.000001), Proteobacteria (P=0.000796), Spirochaetes (P=0.013421), Synergistetes (P=0.005642) were phyla with significantly different distributions between cases and controls. The proportion of microorganism composition is varying at different stages of colon cancer development: Bacteroidetes (52.14%) and Firmicutes (35.88%) were enriched in the healthy individuals; on the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes (52.14%-53.92%-52.46%–47.06%) and Firmicutes (35.88%-29.73%-24.27%–25.36%) is decreasing with the development of health-polyp-adenomas-CRC, and the abundance of Proteobacteria (9.33%-12.31%-16.51%–22.37%) is increasing. PCA and PCOA analysis showed there was no significant (P<0.05) difference in species similarity between precancerous and carcinogenic states. However, the composition of the microflora in patients with precancerous lesions (including patients with adenoma and polyp) was proved to have no significant disparity (P<0.05). Our study provides insights into new angles to dig out potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer and to provide scientific advice for a healthy lifestyle for the sake of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Distinct effects of over-general autobiographical memory on suicidal ideation among depressed and healthy people

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Jiang ◽  
Guangtao Hu ◽  
Jingxuan Zhang ◽  
Ken Chen ◽  
Dongni Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background Childhood trauma and over-general autobiographical memory (OGM) are crucial risk factors of suicide. This study aimed to investigate whether suicidal ideation was predicted by one’s childhood trauma and OGM and the mechanism of OGM underlying suicidal ideation in depression patients and healthy controls. Methods A total of 180 depression patients and 176 matched healthy individuals were recruited in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was obtained. Path analysis was conducted to test a meditational model. The multigroup comparison was applied to find differences between groups. Results Significant differences were detected between depression patients and healthy controls with respect to childhood trauma, OGM, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior. OGM was positively correlated with both current and worst-point suicidal ideation in the depression group and significantly correlated with worst-point suicidal ideation in the healthy control group. The path model showed that childhood trauma had a direct impact on the current suicidal ideation directly, and an indirect influence through OGM and worst-point suicidal ideation. Multigroup analysis further demonstrated that OGM affected and mediated the current suicidal ideation due to childhood trauma in depression patients, whereas only worst-point suicidal ideation was affected in healthy controls. Conclusions The OGM mediates suicidal ideation in depression patients, but only affects the worst-point suicidal ideation in the healthy controls. As it is one of the major risk factors of suicidal ideation in depression, amelioration of OGM might be an useful method to reduce or prevent suicidal ideation in depression patients.

scholarly journals Dissociative experiences in patients with epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Özdemir ◽  
Vedat Cilingir ◽  
Pınar Güzel Özdemir ◽  
Aysel Milanlioglu ◽  
Mehmet Hamamci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age At Onset ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dissociative Experiences Scale ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Number Of Individuals

ABSTRACT A few studies have explored dissociative experiences in epilepsy patients. We investigated dissociative experiences in patients with epilepsy using the dissociative experiences scale (DES). Ninety-eight patients with epilepsy and sixty healthy controls were enrolled in this study. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to the participants. The DES scores were significantly higher for the patients with epilepsy than the healthy individuals. The number of individuals with pathological dissociation (DES ≥ 30) was higher in the epilepsy group (n = 28) than in the control group (n = 8). Also, higher levels of dissociation were significantly associated with frequency of seizures, but were not associated with duration of epilepsy and age at onset of the disorder. These findings demonstrate that patients with epilepsy are more prone to dissociation than controls. The high rate of dissociative experiences among patients with epilepsy suggest that some epilepsy-related factors are present.

scholarly journals Reduced Resting-State Connectivity in the Precuneus is correlated with Apathy in Patients with Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Garcia Forlim ◽  
Leonie Klock ◽  
Johanna Bächle ◽  
Laura Stoll ◽  
Patrick Giemsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

AbstractA diagnosis of schizophrenia is associated with a heterogeneous psychopathology including positive and negative symptoms. The disconnection hypothesis, an early pathophysiological framework conceptualizes the diversity of symptoms as a result from disconnections in neural networks. In line with this hypothesis, previous neuroimaging studies of patients with schizophrenia reported alterations within the default mode network (DMN), the most prominent network at rest.Aim of the present study was to investigate the functional connectivity during rest in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals and explore whether observed functional alterations are related to the psychopathology of patients. Therefore, functional magnetic resonance images at rest were recorded of 35 patients with schizophrenia and 41 healthy individuals. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to extract resting state networks.Comparing ICA results between groups indicated alterations only within the network of the DMN. More explicitly, reduced connectivity in the precuneus was observed in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Connectivity in this area was negatively correlated with the severity of negative symptoms, more specifically with the domain of apathy.Taken together, the current results provide further evidence for a role DMN alterations might play in schizophrenia and especially in negative symptom such as apathy.

scholarly journals T12. THE RELATIONSHIP OF INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY FACTORS WITH SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND PHYSICAL HEALTH FACTORS AND PANSS SCORES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S235-S235
Author(s):  
Jenny Borkent ◽  
Iris E C Sommer ◽  
Bartholomeus C M Haarman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Schizophrenia Group

Abstract Background Recent studies have pointed to the gut-brain axis as a new venue for treatment of psychiatric disorders, with increased inflammation stemming from increased intestinal permeability to further affect brain functioning in a significant subset of patients. Yet, this line of research is still in its infancy, with multiple studies showing increased intestinal permeability in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, demonstrated as translocation of food and bacterial antigens, as well as intestinal microbiome disturbances. Methods Therefore, we measured intestinal permeability markers soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Intestinal permeability markers were compared to several sociodemographic, including age, gender and BMI, and physical health variables, including CRP, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and non-HDL, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. Of the control group (n = 43), 76.7% was male, with a mean age of 25.1 years. Of the schizophrenia group (n = 105) 75.2 % was male, with a mean age of 27.4 years and an average PANSS score of 57.2. Results Levels of LBP and sCD14 were not significantly different between schizophrenia patients and controls. LBP and sCD14 levels were neither correlated in the control group, nor in the schizophrenia group. In the control group Females had elevated LBP levels compared to males (p &lt; 0.01), but not in the schizophrenia group. Quantitative levels of LBP, but not sCD14, correlated with triglycerides in the schizophrenia group (R2 = 0.049, p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, quantitative levels of sCD14, but not LBP, correlated with CRP in the schizophrenia group (R2 = 0.078, p &lt; 0.05). Finally, LBP levels in patients correlated with PANSS negative scores (R2 = 0.055, p &lt; 0.05). Neither a correlation of LBP and sCD14 with age, nor with BMI was observed in both the control and the schizophrenia group. Discussion In conclusion, these intestinal permeability markers showed few differences between the schizophrenia and the control group. We found weak, yet significant correlations with triglycerides, CRP and severity of negative symptoms, which may be caused by poor eating habits or metabolic syndrome leading to leaky gut in the more severely affected patients. These results are not in line with results of Severance et al. (2013), who performed a similar analysis and found differences in intestinal permeability markers between a control group and a schizophrenia group. Furthermore, they did observe a positive correlation between sCD14 and LBP in both the control and the schizophrenia group. The difference between that study and our current findings may stem from the different patients samples, as we assessed patients in their first five years after diagnosis, when metabolic syndrome was less abundant.

scholarly journals Cognition and interpersonal coordination of patients with schizophrenia who have sports habits

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241863
Author(s):  
Keisuke Fujii ◽  
Yujiro Yoshihara ◽  
Yukiko Matsumoto ◽  
Keima Tose ◽  
Hideaki Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interpersonal Coordination ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Figure Test

Team sports activities are effective for improving the negative symptoms and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia. However, the interpersonal coordination during the sports and visual cognition of patients with schizophrenia who have team sports habits are unknown. The main objectives of this study were to test two hypotheses: first, patients with schizophrenia perform the skill requiring ball passing and receiving worse than healthy controls; and second, the patients will be impaired in these functionings in accordance with the previous studies regarding schizophrenia in general. Twelve patients with schizophrenia and 15 healthy controls, who had habits in football, participated in this study. The participants performed three conventional cognitive tests and a 3-vs-1 ball possession task to evaluate their interpersonal coordination. The results showed that in the 3-vs-1 possession task, the displacement in the pass angle for the patients was significantly smaller than that for the control. The recall in the complex figure test, the performance in the trail making test, and that in the five-choice reaction task for the patients were worse than those for the control. Moreover, we found the significant partial correlations in the patients between the extradimensional shift error and the pass angle as well as between the time in the trail making test and the displacement in the pass angle, whereas there was no significant correlation in the control group. This study clarified the impaired interpersonal coordination during team sports and the visual cognition of patients with schizophrenia who have team sports habits.

scholarly journals Best practices for recruitment of adolescents for biobanking and precision health research: a retrospective analysis comparing juvenile idiopathic arthritis cases with healthy controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Lewis ◽  
Shelby Brooks ◽  
Ruy Carrasco ◽  
Patricia Carter ◽  
Alexandra Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Precision Health

Abstract Background Precision health in adolescents relies on the successful collection of data and biospecimens from an adequately sized sample of cases and comparison group(s), often healthy controls, to answer the research question. This research report describes the recruitment strategy, enrollment rates, and approach utilized in a successful biobehavioral research study. The study was designed to examine key health indicators in adolescents (13-17 years of age) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared to a control group of healthy adolescents. The purpose of this analysis is to establish best practices and identify strategies to overcome barriers to recruitment of older adolescents, an age group that tends to be underrepresented in research studies. Methods A retrospective secondary analysis of data from a parent study about JIA with high consent rates was employed to explore factors affecting enrollment into the biobehavioral study. Results Of the 113 subjects who were recruited to the study, 74 met the eligibility criteria and reviewed the consent form. The consented group (n=40) represents 54% of those who were eligible upon initial screening. The rate of project enrollment was 2.7 participants per month. The pediatric rheumatologists referred 85% of the JIA group, and the study’s principal investigator, a nurse scientist, referred 95% of the control group. Typical recruitment strategies, such as posting on social media, distributing flyers, and cold-calling potential participants from the clinic schedule were ineffective for both cases and controls. Barriers to enrollment included scheduling and fear of venipuncture. There were no demographic characteristics that significantly explained enrollment, differentiating between those who agreed to participate compared to those who refused. Successful strategies for enrollment of adolescents into this biobehavioral research study included scheduling study visits on weekends and school holidays; an informed consent and assent process that addressed adolescent fears of venipuncture; including a JIA patient on the study team; and utilizing existing relationships to maximize enrollment efforts. Conclusions Effective recruitment and enrollment practices were relationship-specific and patient-centered. Researchers should utilize best practices to ensure that precision health for adolescents is advanced.

A Randomized Single-blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Memantine, as Addjunctive Therapy for Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Paranoid Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S274-S275
Author(s):  
Y. Osadshiy ◽  
D. Archakov ◽  
E. Tarakanova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Negative Syndrome

This study analyses the efficiency of memantine–an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors–as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of negative symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia. Fifty-two patients (30 males; age 20–50 years) were included with the diagnosis of F20.014 and F20.024 according to the international classification of diseases (version 10). The patients had been receiving neuroleptic monotherapy with a fixed dose for a period of at least 4 weeks prior to randomization. Clinical data were collected 8 weeks after memantine had been introduced as part of the treatment regimen. A patient was considered as responding to treatment if they:– scored 1-2 on the Clinical Global Impression Scale;– showed a greater than 25% reduction of the total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) or a greater than 20% reduction on the negative subscale of PANSS.Forty-seven patients were randomized: treatment group (neuroleptic + memantine, n = 24), control group (neuroleptic + placebo, n = 23); 44 patients completed the study. Neither memantine nor placebo led to a reliable decrease of negative symptoms, and the groups did not differ from each other. Future studies should pay more attention not only to the treatment of already formed negative and cognitive symptoms, but the prevention of their occurrence. Including through antagonists of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Evaluation of thiol disulphide levels in patients with pulmonary embolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamile Yücel ◽  
Said Sami Erdem ◽  
Ercan Kurtipek ◽  
Taha Tahir Bekci ◽  
Salim Neşelioğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lower Serum

AbstractObjectivesMaintaining the thiol-disulphide balance is essential for antioxidant defense and apoptosis. The study aimed to evaluate of thiol-disulphide levels in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsThe study included a total of 97 participants: 48 patients and 49 healthy individuals. Serum native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT) and disulphide (DS) levels (µmol/L) were measured using the novel spectrophotometric method.ResultsWe found significantly lower levels of NT (195.44±83.3 μmol/L), DS (20.42±9.20 μmol/L) and TT (236.26±90.66 μmol/L) in patients with PE compared with the healthy controls (304.42±62.13, 24.33±8.09 and 353.07±63.58 μmol/L respectively). Patients with PE had lower serum albumin levels (3.11±1.03 g/dL) and higher ischaemia modified albumin (IMA) levels (0.82±0.16 g/dL) compared with the controls (3.89±0.52 and 0.67±0.15 g/dL, respectively). Serum albumin levels in patients were strongly correlated with plasma IMA (r=−0.737; p<0.001), NT (r=0.786; p<0.001) and TT levels (r=0.841; p<0.001). Serum NT levels were strongly correlated with serum TT levels (r=0.981; p<0.001) in patients.ConclusionsThis study found lower TT, NT and DS levels in patients with PE than in the control group. Our study revealed that thiol-disulphide homeostasis could be altered during PE and further studies are needed to be used as prognostic markers for hospital mortality.

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