scholarly journals Risk Treatment and System Recovery Analysis of Gas System of Gas and Electricity Network of Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zemite ◽  
A. Kutjuns ◽  
I. Bode ◽  
M. Kunickis ◽  
N. Zeltins
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
Gas System ◽  
Restoration Time ◽  
Risk Treatment ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Gas Supply

Abstract The Latvian natural gas system is interconnected with transmission networks located in Lithuania, Estonia and Russia. Natural gas commercial metering is provided by GMS “Karksi” (Estonia) and by GMS “Kiemenai” (Lithuania). Natural gas is supplied to all larger urban areas in Latvia. Natural gas is supplied to Latvia along the Latvian–Russian pipeline only during the warm period of the year (April–September), and it is accumulated in the underground gas storage facility in Incukalns. During winter, gas from the underground facility is delivered to Latvian customers, as well as transmitted to Estonia and back to Russia. There is also a connection to Lithuania. Out of the gas supply disruption risks that are assessed at different levels, the essential one with a trans-border impact potential consists in the insufficient technical capacity of Incukalns UGS. Given the current technical possibilities, IUGS cannot pass the gas volume required for the Baltic States to compensate the gas supply deficit. The paper performs system recovery analysis after selected critical events. The paper provides a report describing the steps to be followed in order to restore the gas transmission system to normal operation after selected critical events. A very significant region of the power system of Latvia is the central part of Latvia and Riga region, where both of Riga CHPs, as well as Riga HPP, is located. The restoration time of the gas system of Latvia depends on the gravity of the situation and damage in the gas system and may range from several hours to several days.

Research of pressure influence in the gas supply system on the energy consuption level of gas devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
L. D. Pylypiv ◽  
І. І. Maslanych
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Supply

There are investigated the influence of operating pressures in the gas supply system on the level of such energy indicators as efficiency, gas flow and gas overrun by gas equipment in residential buildings. There is established a relationship between the values of operating pressures in the gas supply system and the gas consumption level of household appliances. The causes of insufficient pressure in the gas networks of settlements are analyzed in the article. There is also developed an algorithm for calculating the change in the efficiency of gas appliances depending on the operational parameters of the gas network. It has been found that the most efficient operation of gas appliances is observed at an overpressure at the inlet of gas appliances of about 1200 Pa.To ensure the required quality of natural gas combustion among consumers and minimize gas consumption there are justified the following measures in the article: coordinating a domestic regulatory framework for assessing the quality of natural gas with international norms and standards; improving the preparation of gas coming from local wells before supplying it to gas distribution networks; auditing low pressure gas pipelines and reconstructing areas affected by corrosion; ensuring standard gas pressure in the network for the normal operation of domestic gas appliances; stating quality indicators of natural gas combustion by gas sales organizations.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Investments in Cross-Border Pipelines on the Security of Gas Supply in the EU

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2913
Author(s):  
Yassine Rqiq ◽  
Jesus Beyza ◽  
Jose M. Yusta ◽  
Ricardo Bolado-Lavin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Gas System ◽  
Natural Gas System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is highly dependent on external natural gas supplies and has experienced severe gas cuts in the past, mainly driven by the technical complexity of the high-pressure natural gas system and political instability in some of the supplier countries. Declining indigenous natural gas production and growing demand for gas in the EU has encouraged investments in cross-border transmission capacity to increase the sharing of resources between the member states, particularly in the aftermath of the Russia–Ukraine gas crisis in January 2009. This article models the EU interconnected natural gas system to assess the impact of investments in the gas transmission network by comparing the performance of the system for scenarios of 2009 and 2017, using a mathematical optimization approach. The model uses the technical data of the infrastructures, such as production, storage, regasification, and exchange capacity through cross-border pipelines, and proposes an optimal collaborative strategy which ensures the best possible coverage of overall demand. The actual peak demand situations of the extreme cases of 2009 and 2017 are analyzed under hypothetical supply crises caused by geopolitical or commercial disputes. The application of the proposed methodology leads to results which show that the investments made in this system do not decongest the cross-border pipeline network but improve the demand coverage. Countries such as Spain and Italy experience a lower impact on gas supply due to the variety of mechanisms available to cover their demand. Furthermore, the findings prove that cooperation facilitates the supply of demand in crisis situations.

scholarly journals New Technologies for Natural Gas Supply in the Baltic Sea – Economic Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIV (Issue 3B) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Ewelina Chlopinska ◽  
Diana Kotkowska ◽  
Alexander Autzen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Gas Supply

scholarly journals The Natural Gas Supply of the Latvian Municipality during the Local Energy Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zemite ◽  
E. Nevercika ◽  
L. Jansons ◽  
I. Bode ◽  
A. Koposovs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Gas Supply

Abstract Natural gas is an essential element of the Latvian and the Baltic energy portfolio, so its supply disruption can seriously affect the national economy and energy security of our country. The article focuses on a basic case study of the natural gas supply to one of the Latvian municipalities, when the energy crisis is announced. It also marks potential vulnerabilities factors that may cause the natural gas supply shortages or disruption periods of different length for a wide spectrum of the Latvian natural gas consumers – starting with households and finishing with large industrial consumers and energy producers. A legal framework analysis along with an emergency natural gas supply review has been proposed as well, taking into account the actual distribution of the natural gas consumption among the urban energy users, which can be compared with references included into the Cabinet of Ministers Regulation No. 312 “Procedures for the Supply of Energy Users and Sale of Heating Fuel during Declared Energy Crisis and in Case of Endangerment to the State” (hereinafter – Regulation 312).

scholarly journals The Eastern Baltic LNG Terminal as a Prospect to Improve Security of Regional Gas Supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Kati Kõrbe Kaare ◽  
Ott Koppel ◽  
Ando Leppiman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Supply Interruptions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
Eastern Baltic

One of the crucial issues in Europe at the moment is securing reliable gas supply. Achieving security of gas supply implies diversifying gas sources, while having enough supply, transportation, and storage capacity to meet demand peaks and supply interruptions. In 2013, the Baltic States still remain disintegrated from the rest of Europe in one crucial way: their natural gas infrastructure isolates them into “energy islands”. The Eastern Baltic Sea European Union (EU) member states of Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are the only ones which remain isolated from the present integrated EU natural gas transmission system. The gas demand in these isolated member states is approximately ten billion cubic meters (bm3) of natural gas per year. The third energy package of EU proposes a new series of measures to promote competition and create a single European energy market. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland now for the first time have a chance to secure their energy independence by connecting their natural gas systems with those of their European allies and evolving them into market-based trading systems. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is an important energy source that contributes to energy security and diversity, therefore a concept of a regional LNG terminal has been proposed. In this paper the authors give an overview of the current situation and present possible future scenarios with the development of Eastern Baltic regional LNG terminal. 2013 is a crucial time as in September the decision will be made regarding weather the regional LNG terminal will be chosen as a project of common interest in the trans-European energy networks.

scholarly journals Consistency Analysis and Data Consultation of Gas System of Gas-Electricity Network of Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zemite ◽  
A. Kutjuns ◽  
I. Bode ◽  
M. Kunickis ◽  
N. Zeltins
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Gas System ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Natural Gas System ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
The Eu

Abstract In the present research, the main critical points of gas transmission and storage system of Latvia have been determined to ensure secure and reliable gas supply among the Baltic States to fulfil the core objectives of the EU energy policies. Technical data of critical points of the gas transmission and storage system of Latvia have been collected and analysed with the SWOT method and solutions have been provided to increase the reliability of the regional natural gas system.

scholarly journals Intelligent Control on Urban Natural Gas Supply Using a Deep-Learning-Assisted Pipeline Dispatch Technique

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Hua Bai ◽  
Shuyu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Practical Operation ◽  
Gas Supply

Natural gas has been attracting increasing attentions all around the world as a relatively cleaner energy resource compared with coal and crude oil. Except for the direct consumption as fuel, electricity generation is now another environmentally-friendly utilization of natural gas, which makes it more favorable as the energy supply for urban areas. Pipeline transportation is the main approach connecting the natural gas production field and urban areas thanks to the safety and economic reasons. In this paper, an intelligent pipeline dispatch technique is proposed using deep learning methods to predict the change of energy supply to the urban areas as a consequence of compressor operations. Practical operation data is collected and prepared for the training and validation of deep learning models, and the accelerated predictions can help make controlling plans regarding compressor operations to meet the requirement in urban natural gas supply. The proposed deep neutral network is equipped with self-adaptability, which enables the general adaption on various temporal compressor conditions including failure and maintenance.

scholarly journals Assessment of Political Vulnerabilities on Security of Energy Supply in the Baltic States

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrius Česnakas ◽  
Gerda Jakštaitė ◽  
Justinas Juozaitis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Gas Supply

Abstract The article argues that despite the evident link between political environment and security of energy supply, political elements are not sufficiently represented in contemporary scientific literature, namely in indexes that are designed for the assessment of security of energy supply. In an attempt to fill this gap, the article presents an innovative methodology for quantitative assessment of the political vulnerabilities on security of energy supply and applies it to the analysis of the Baltic States. The proposed index determines the plausibility of the occurrence of threats of a political nature on the security of energy supply and defines it as political vulnerability. The application of index methodology to an analysis of the Baltic States has revealed that the overall political vulnerability on security of energy supply is the highest in Lithuania, considerably lower in Latvia, and the lowest in Estonia. The analysis has shown that political vulnerability has increased in Lithuania due to the closure of Ignalina NPP and an increase in energy import quantities from politically unstable countries, such as Russia. On the contrary, political vulnerabilities on the security of the energy supply have decreased in Latvia and Estonia due to the increase of consumption of indigenous energy. However, preliminary calculations show that political vulnerabilities should decrease considerably in 2015 in Lithuania due to the diversification of the natural gas supply.

Concept and principles of building an integrated system of management of activities of regional gas supply system entities Kaliningrad region

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
G.G. Arunyants
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
Basic Solutions ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gas Supply

The results of analysis of problems of regulation of gas supply complex of Kaliningrad region and main ways to increase its efficiency, as well as basic solutions for creation of a software complex Т-GAZ-2 automated calculation of natural gas tariffs for ACS of gas supply system subjects, geographically distributed and information connected to the regional automated information and control system (RAIS).

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