scholarly journals Urban criteria based on the example of the smallest towns in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Mateusz Cudo
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Urban Status ◽  
Early Contribution

Abstract The article attempts to develop a preliminary practical framework for urban criteria in terms of the population, economy and spatial location of the smallest towns in Poland. Despite being of little significance, the fact that they lie near the border between being rural settlements and towns makes them an interesting subject for research and more detailed analysis. The current phenomenon of urban status being obtained by ever-smaller settlements is causing conceptual disorder. Therefore, the article may serve as an early contribution to a discussion about the need to define and unify urban criteria on a national scale. The qualitative and descriptive guidelines contained in official acts are insufficient and too general, which is why quantitative methods were used in the present research. Despite the limited data available, research on the topic of urbanity has proven the imperfection of the Polish administrative system and confirmed the premise that town status may be conferred inappropriately in numerous cases.

Urban community structure detection based on the OD of traffic analysis zones

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
pp. 1950164
Author(s):  
Qing-Feng Dong ◽  
Dian-Kun Chen ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Traffic Analysis ◽  
Association Mining ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
City Community ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Structure Detection

At present, the detection of urban community structures is mainly based on existing administrative divisions, and is performed using qualitative methods. The lack of quantitative methods makes it difficult to judge the rationality of urban community divisions. In this study, we used complex network association mining methods to detect a city community structure by using the Origin-Destinations (OD) at traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level, and successively assigned all the TAZs into different communities. Based on the community results, we calculated the community core degree of each TAZ within every community, and then calculated the Traffic Core Degree and Location Core Degree indicators of the community based on OD passenger flow and spatial location relationship between communities. Finally, we analyzed the correlation among three indicators to ensure the rationality of the community structure. We used the city of Zhengzhou in 2016 as an example case study. For Zhengzhou, we detected a total of six communities. We found a relatively low correlation between Traffic Core Degree and Location Core Degree. Within each group, the correlation between community core degree and Traffic Core Degree was higher than that between community core degree and Location Core Degree, indicating that the urban community structure is more reasonably based on traffic characteristics. The development of a quantitative approach for determining reasonable city community structures has important implications for transportation planning and industrial layout.

Theory and method in the study of poverty in east Africa

Focaal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (45) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Context Specific

This article explores the relation between theory and method in three methodologically innovative studies of rural poverty. The issue is pertinent because the nature of research on poverty has shifted from small-scale qualitative studies to large surveys, and to national-scale studies that combine qualitative and quantitative methods in an effort to inform policy makers on appropriate poverty reduction strategies. The interest in combined methods holds considerable promise for poverty research because it links a search for 'objective' economic concerns to the analysis of 'subjective' and context-specific issues. It is instructive to examine recent studies of poverty that have pursued different theoretical and methodological choices with a view to understand how 'theory' influenced methodological choices, and whether and how such choices influenced their understanding of poverty.

scholarly journals Degraded and potential towns in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

2016 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Dariusz Sokołowski
Keyword(s):  
Significant Degree ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Urban Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time

In theWarmian-MasurianVoivodeship there is a number of settlements which used to be towns and currently have the status of villages. Most of them were dispossessed of their urban rights in 1945, due to depopulation and a significant degree of war destruction. These villages generally preserved an urban layout, despite the loss of a large part of the buildings. Their gradual recovery and renewal of other urban features resulted in the restoration of an urban status by some of them. This study analyses the current demographic, economic, functional and morphological situation of all towns which were degraded either temporarily or permanently, as well as the largest rural settlements. The aim of the study is to compare them, and to determine whether (and which) formally rural settlements meet the modern criteria for restoring (or granting for the first time) urban status. Part of them was chosen as de facto urban centres with realistic chances of obtaining civic rights.

scholarly journals ARAHAN KETERPADUAN PEMANFAATAN DAN PENGENDALIAN PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN DAN KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN PADA LINTAS DAERAH KABUPATEN/KOTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mohtana Kharisma Kadri ◽  
Faisal Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
And Control ◽  
Settlement Areas

ABSTRAKAglomerasi suatu kawasan sering kali disebabkan adanya konurbasi suatu wilayah dengan dipengaruhi adanya perkembangan kawasan perumahan dan permukiman dalam suatu wilayah sehingga perlu adanya arahan terkait pemanfaatan lahan dan pengendalian pembangunan perumahan dan kawasan permukiman khususnya yang berada pada kawasan lintas daerah kabupaten/kota yang ada di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Adapun tujuannya dari penelitian ini adalah agar tidak terjadi perbedaan konsep pengembangan ruang perkotaan dan permukiman pada daerah lintas kabupaten/kota tersebut, dan keterpaduan rencana pemanfaatan dan pengendalian yang lebih detail dapat terwujud yakni perumahan dan kawasan permukiman yang berkualitas dan berkelanjutan. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode diskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan bersumber dari data-data sekunder dan data primer. Adapun arahan keterpaduan pemanfaatan dan pengendalian pembangunan perumahan dan kawasan permukiman pada lintas daerah kabupaten/kota diatur dalam sebuah peraturan zonasi yang terbagi atas dua peruntukan yaitu kawasan peruntukan permukiman perkotaan dan kawasan peruntukan permukiman perdesaan. Pada masing-masing peraturan tersebut mengatur terkait perijinan pengembangan perumahan, intensitas bangunan, Sarana dan prasarana pendukung dan moda sarana angkutan masal, pengembangan Fasilitas Lainnya dan Larangan pengembangan lahan.Kata kunci: Aglomerasi, Konurbasi, Perumahan permukiman lintas daerah.ABSTRACTAgglomeration of an area is often caused by the conurbation of an area which is influenced by the development of housing and settlement areas in an area so that there is a need for directions related to land use and control of housing development and settlement areas, especially those in cross-district / municipal areas in Kalimantan Province. East. The purpose of this research is that there is no difference in the concept of urban spatial development and settlements in the cross-regency / municipal area, and that more detailed utilization and control plans can be realized, namely quality and sustainable housing and settlement areas. The method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, sourced from secondary data and primary data. The directions for the integrated use and control of housing development and settlement areas across regencies / municipalities are regulated in a zoning regulation which is divided into two designations, namely areas designated for urban settlements and areas designated for rural settlements. Each of these regulations regulates housing development licensing, building intensity, supporting facilities and infrastructure and mass transportation modes, development of other facilities and prohibition of land development.Keywords: Agglomeration, Conurbation and Housing Inter-regional settlements.

scholarly journals Analysis of network attributes and traffic accidents in “school zones” in Belgrade

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Sreten Jevremović ◽  
Ana Trpković
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
School Zones

Characteristics of the "School Zones", their spatial location, arrangement, category of roads in the surroundings, user characteristics, etc., require a more serious approach and a more detailed analysis of specific problems, in order to prevent the occurrence of negative consequences of traffic. Amendments to the "Road Traffic Safety Act" of 2009, for the first time in domestic regulations, defined the term "School Zone", which created the legal basis and precondition for a more serious analysis of problems in the defined zones. Despite these significant shifts in regulation, problems of continuous operation are still pervasive. Determining the actual cause of traffic accidents in the “School Zones” and implementing adequate measures is lacking and most often comes down to the implementation of a universal set of measures without a more detailed analysis of specific locations. This paper analyzes traffic accidents that occurred in elementary “School Zones” in the city of Belgrade in 2018, with the aim of determining the potential dependence of street network characteristics and traffic accidents. The analysis was conducted for previously defined network attributes in the school environment: number of streets, traffic category, traffic groups and network type, on the basis of which the mentioned dependence was examined. The research results are presented and discussed in the paper.

Uneven Odds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Vaid
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anthropological Literature ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Focussing on patterns of intergenerational stability, this book traces the unequal structures of opportunity in India. The author addresses questions and approaches towards social mobility (or the lack thereof) through interactions between social class, caste, and gender while adopting a rural–urban perspective, capturing changes over time, and the implications of social mobility on a national scale. This book plugs in crucial gaps in the research on social mobility, which has been marked by the lack of precision regarding the extent of mobility in contemporary India. Using a broad lens of both caste and class, this up-to-date statistical analysis, which uses national-level datasets and advanced quantitative methods, enriches the sociological as well as the anthropological literature, while also locating India within the larger context of social mobility research in the industrialized and industrializing world.

scholarly journals Methodology Voga in the Field of Entrepreneurship: Employment of Quantitative Methods for the Study of the Inherent Characteristics Entrepreneurs

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-209
Author(s):  
Tayso Silva ◽  
Maurício Fernandes Pereira ◽  
Alexandre Marino Costa ◽  
Cristina Hinterlang
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
National Meeting ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Purposive Sample

This study aimed to investigate how the quantitative methodology has been employed in research on "the inherent characteristics of entrepreneurs." Specifically, we analyze the Brazilian production exposedat the National Meeting of Anpad( EnANPAD ) over 10 years, since 2003, year of the creationof aspecific space for production in entrepreneurship, by 2012. Among the 279 articles on entrepreneurship published in EnANPADin these 10 years,a purposive sample of 28 articles was analyzed. At first abstracts, introductions and objectives were analyzed for the classification of subjects and subsequently proceeded to the detailed analysis of the employedmethods in the studies.In order to provide an analysis that indicates how to characterize the entrepreneurshipstudies on in Brazil in present, the moreaddressed issuein the field of entrepreneurship were investigated to evaluate the use of quantitative methodology, also justified, as target of this investigation, by being the main method used in the studies on the subject . The study allowsto identify methodological tools which are suitable to investigate the inherent characteristics of entrepreneurs and how these resources were used. The level of quality required for publication in EnANPAD collaborates to say about the viability of the search strategies outlined in this study. There is also a contribution to the delimitation of the object of research in the field of entrepreneurship, especially in Brazil.

scholarly journals MicroPulse DIAL (MPD) – a diode-laser-based lidar architecture for quantitative atmospheric profiling

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 4593-4616
Author(s):  
Scott M. Spuler ◽  
Matthew Hayman ◽  
Robert A. Stillwell ◽  
Joshua Carnes ◽  
Todd Bernatsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Background Suppression ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Sensing Technology

Abstract. Continuous water vapor and temperature profiles are critically needed for improved understanding of the lower atmosphere and potential advances in weather forecasting skill. Ground-based, national-scale profiling networks are part of a suite of instruments to provide such observations; however, the technological method must be cost-effective and quantitative. We have been developing an active remote sensing technology based on a diode-laser-based lidar technology to address this observational need. Narrowband, high-spectral-fidelity diode lasers enable accurate and calibration-free measurements requiring a minimal set of assumptions based on direct absorption (Beer–Lambert law) and a ratio of two signals. These well-proven quantitative methods are known as differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL). This diode-laser-based architecture, characterized by less powerful laser transmitters than those historically used for atmospheric studies, can be made eye-safe and robust. Nevertheless, it also requires solar background suppression techniques such as narrow-field-of-view receivers with an ultra-narrow bandpass to observe individual photons backscattered from the atmosphere. We discuss this diode-laser-based lidar architecture's latest generation and analyze how it addresses a national-scale profiling network's need to provide continuous thermodynamic observations. The work presented focuses on general architecture changes that pertain to both the water vapor and the temperature profiling capabilities of the MicroPulse DIAL (MPD). However, the specific subcomponent testing and instrument validation presented are for the water vapor measurements only. A fiber-coupled seed laser transmitter optimization is performed and shown to meet all of the requirements for the DIAL technique. Further improvements – such as a fiber-coupled near-range receiver, the ability to perform quality control via automatic receiver scanning, advanced multi-channel scalar capabilities, and advanced processing techniques – are discussed. These new developments increase narrowband DIAL technology readiness and are shown to allow higher-quality water vapor measurements closer to the surface via preliminary intercomparisons within the MPD network itself and with radiosondes.

scholarly journals An economic dilemma between weapon systems may explain an arachno-atypical venom in wasp spiders (Argiope bruennichi)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lüddecke ◽  
Björn M. von Reumont ◽  
Frank Förster ◽  
André Billion ◽  
Thomas Timm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Hunting Behavior ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
High Molecular Weight Proteins ◽  
Economic Dilemma

AbstractSpiders use venom to subdue their prey, but little is known about the diversity of venoms in different spider families. Given the limited data available for orb-weaver spiders (Araneidae) we selected the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi for detailed analysis. Our strategy combined a transcriptomics pipeline based on multiple assemblies with a dual proteomics workflow involving parallel mass spectrometry techniques and electrophoretic profiling. We found that the remarkably simple venom of A. bruennichi has an atypical composition compared to other spider venoms, prominently featuring members of the CAP superfamily and other, mostly high-molecular-weight proteins. We also detected a subset of potentially novel toxins similar to neuropeptides. We discuss the potential function of these proteins in the context of the unique hunting behavior of wasp spiders, which rely mostly on silk to trap their prey. We propose that the simplicity of the venom evolved to solve an economic dilemma between two competing yet metabolically expensive weapon systems. This study emphasizes the importance of cutting-edge methods to encompass smaller lineages of venomous species that have yet to be characterized in detail, allowing us to understand the biology of their venom systems and to mine this prolific resource for translational research.

scholarly journals The Perception of Physiologists Toward Implementing Team-based Learning in Sudan: A national-scale Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elnajid Tahir ◽  
Daffalla Mohammed Elamean Alam Elhuda ◽  
Hosam Eldeen Elsadig Gasmalla
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Based Learning

Background: Team-based Learning (TBL) is a teaching approach that fosters active learning and promotes the application of knowledge; its implementation remains sporadic and on a volunteering basis in Sudan. The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of Sudanese physiologist concerning the implementation of TBL. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included all physiologists in Sudan during 2018. Data were collected using qualitative and quantitative methods, namely, questionnaire and nominal group technique (NGT), respectively. Results: This study was the first national-scale study on TBL in Sudan, the study adds to the evidence of the benefits of TBL: improving the engagement of students, enhancing deep learning, and providing better instructor–student interaction. Furthermore, TBL was perceived to be of good use in tutorials. However, although TBL is perceived well by instructors, its implementation revealed two main challenges: first, the attendance of the students (and therefore their engagement) is a place of concern mostly because TBL is not well-allocated in the curricula of most medical schools and second, the substantial effort of preparation of TBL material and sessions will put a burden on the staff, rendering them less enthusiastic. Conclusion: Fostering TBL requires administrative support and training to the staff, as well as proper incorporation of TBL in the curriculum. Keywords: education, team-based learning, deep learning, physiology

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