scholarly journals A concept “Riphaean Mountains” in ancient geocartography: myth, cosmology, symbol and/or reality?

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Alexander Podossinov
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The North ◽  
Ancient Literature ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Ancient Geography

Abstract One of the most mysterious concepts in ancient geography are the Riphaean Mountains that had for centuries been the object of mythological, cosmological, geographic, cartographic, and poetic discourses. Having originated as a designation of the northern (in relation to Greece) Thracian mountain, the name in the course of time became attached to the mountains located in the extreme north of the oecumene. Cosmological ideas explaining the rising of the earth’s surface to the north, the passage of the sun after sunset through the northern outskirts of the oecumene behind the Riphaean Mountains eastward, and many others were associated with these mountains. In ancient literature the Riphaean Mountains are often associated with a blessed people of the Hyperboreans who seemed to live beyond the Riphaean Mountains in a particularly favorable climate. In this paper the attempts of ancient cartographers to locate the Riphaean Mountains on a geographical map will be considered.

scholarly journals GERBERT OF AURILLAC: ASTRONOMY AND GEOMETRY IN TENTH CENTURY EUROPE

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
COSTANTINO SIGISMONDI
Keyword(s):  
Rational Approximation ◽  
Equilateral Triangle ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
The North ◽  
Celestial Pole ◽  
Gerbert Of Aurillac

Gerbert of Aurillac was the most prominent personality of the tenth century: astronomer, organ builder and music theoretician, mathematician, philosopher, and finally pope with the name of Silvester II (999–1003). Gerbert introduced firstly the arabic numbers in Europe, invented an abacus for speeding the calculations and found a rational approximation for the equilateral triangle area, in the letter to Adelbold here discussed. Gerbert described a semi-sphere to Constantine of Fleury with built-in sighting tubes, used for astronomical observations. The procedure to identify the star nearest to the North celestial pole is very accurate and still in use in the XII century, when Computatrix was the name of Polaris. For didactical purposes the Polaris would have been precise enough and much less time consuming, but here Gerbert was clearly aligning a precise equatorial mount for a fixed instrument for accurate daytime observations. Through the sighting tubes it was possible to detect equinoxes and solstices by observing the Sun in the corresponding days. The horalogium of Magdeburg was probably a big and fixed-mount nocturlabe, always pointing the star near the celestial pole.

Assessing the temporal reliability of rhythm metrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael-Anne Knight
Keyword(s):  
Current Paper ◽  
Empirical Measure ◽  
The Sun ◽  
British English ◽  
The North ◽  
North Wind ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Current Popularity ◽  
Temporal Reliability

Despite the current popularity of rhythm metrics, there has been relatively little work aimed at establishing their validity or reliability, important characteristics of any empirical measure. The current paper focuses on the stability, or temporal reliability, of rhythm metrics by establishing if they give consistent results for the same speakers, in the same task, on successive occasions. Four speakers of Southern British English were recorded reading ‘The North Wind and the Sun’ (NWS) passage on three consecutive days. Results indicated that some measures correlate more highly across time than others, and the choice of a measure that is both reliable and valid is discussed. It is suggested that the metric that best fits these criteria is formulated in terms of the proportion of vowels within an utterance (%V).

Detection of a change in the North-South ratio of count rates of particles of high-energy cosmic rays during a change in the polarity of the magnetic field of the Sun

JETP Letters ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
A. V. Karelin ◽  
O. Adriani ◽  
G. C. Barbarino ◽  
G. A. Bazilevskaya ◽  
R. Bellotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Sun ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
The North ◽  
The Magnetic Field

scholarly journals Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McKibben ◽  
J. J. Connell ◽  
C. Lopate ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. D. Anglin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

Abstract. In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum.  Observations from the COSPIN suite of energetic charged particle telescopes show that latitude variations in the cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere are nearly non-existent near solar maximum, whereas small but clear latitude gradients were observed during the similar phase of Ulysses’ orbit near the 1994–95 solar minimum. At proton energies above ~10 MeV and extending up to >70 MeV, the intensities are often dominated by Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) accelerated near the Sun in association with intense solar flares and large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). At lower energies the particle intensities are almost constantly enhanced above background, most likely as a result of a mix of SEPs and particles accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Simultaneous high-latitude Ulysses and near-Earth observations show that most events that produce large flux increases near Earth also produce flux increases at Ulysses, even at the highest latitudes attained. Particle anisotropies during particle onsets at Ulysses are typically directed outwards from the Sun, suggesting either acceleration extending to high latitudes or efficient cross-field propagation somewhere inside the orbit of Ulysses. Both cosmic ray and SEP observations are consistent with highly efficient transport of energetic charged particles between the equatorial and polar regions and across the mean interplanetary magnetic fields in the inner heliosphere.Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (energetic particles; flares and mass ejections)

Some Recent Excavations in Egypt

Antiquity ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
S. R. K. Glanville
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
The City

Aconcession to excavate the site of Tell el Amarna was given to the Egypt Exploration Society in 1920, and with the exception of two seasons the Society has sent an expedition there every year since that date. Beginning with the central town site, at the point where the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft had left it before the war, the work of the first two seasons was confined to the southern half of the city, although it included several important outlying buildings of a nondomestic character and the ‘Eastern Village’ of workmen’s houses. The discovery of the North Palace in 1923 turned the attention of the excavators to the distant end of the site, leading them to the building of a new house from which to work and to the discovery of other official buildings at the extreme north of the bay, and a group of houses connected with them. These last have not yet been completely excavated.

scholarly journals Modeling the Potential Distribution of the Malaria Vector Anopheles (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in Arid Regions of Northern Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Valderrama ◽  
Salvador Ayala ◽  
Carolina Reyes ◽  
Christian R. González
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Local Study ◽  
The North ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Extreme North

The extreme north of Chile presents a subtropical climate permissive of the establishment of potential disease vectors. Anopheles (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis is distributed from the south of the United States to the north of Argentina and Chile, and is one of the main vectors of malaria in Latin America. Malaria was eradicated from Chile in 1945. Nevertheless, the vector persists in river ravines of the Arica and Tarapacá regions. The principal effect of climate change in the north of Chile is temperature increase. Precipitation prediction is not accurate for this region because records were erratic during the last century. The objective of this study was to estimate the current and the projected distribution pattern of this species in Chile, given the potential impact due to climate change. We compiled distributional data for An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis and constructed species distribution models to predict the spatial distribution of this species using the MaxEnt algorithm with current and RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, using environmental and topographic layers. Our models estimated that the current expected range of An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis extends continuously from Arica to the north of Antofagasta region. Furthermore, the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 projected scenarios suggested that the range of distribution of An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis may increase in longitude, latitude, and altitude limits, enhancing the local extension area by 38 and 101%, respectively, and local presence probability (>0.7), from the northern limit in Arica y Parinacota region (18°S) to the northern Antofagasta region (23°S). This study contributes to geographic and ecologic knowledge about this species in Chile, as it represents the first local study of An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis. The information generated in this study can be used to inform decision making regarding vector control and surveillance programs of Latin America. These kinds of studies are very relevant to generate human, animal, and environmental health knowledge contributing to the “One Health” concept.

scholarly journals THE EXTREME NORTH AS A GEOPOETIC IMAGE IN THE LITERATURE OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH OF YAKUTIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Zh.V. Burtseva
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Extreme North

The starting point for highlighting the Northern text of the literature of Yakutia from the point of view of geographical toponymic characteristics is the concept of “Far North (Arctic)”. The article is devoted to the analysis of this system-forming concept in the literature of the Indigenous peoples of the North of Yakutia, which includes landscape, natural images, signs, symbols of this territory in their generalized integrity (tundra, taiga, sea, rivers, mountains, nomadic paths, winter, snow, cold, nomad, deer, bear and others). The description of the northern territories and images in an artistic interpretation is filled with a distinctive symbolic meaning associated with local mythology, sacred geography. The results of the study show that the concept of “Far North” is not a thematic phenomenon, not a geographical location, but a special attitude. This is a whole picture of the world, preserving national identity in itself, both in form and in content, in value guidelines.

The Koshi’s Revenge

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Colopy
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The West ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Great Range ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Great Rivers ◽  
Past Half

The Koshi spoke during the monsoon of 2008. She opened a new path, just as Dinesh Mishra predicted. The river breached an apparently ill-constructed and certainly ill-maintained embankment. A photo taken as the flood began shows the ridge of sand dissolving as water poured through a widening gap in the embankment and flowed southeast. In both Nepal and Bihar, villages and farms that had not seen a flood for the past half century were devastated. The embankments on the Koshi had already breached seven times at various spots downriver. This time the entire river below the Siwalik range in Nepal, where the land flattens, had essentially jumped out of its straitjacket and returned to one of its old channels—one it had flowed down two centuries ago. In Nepal the Koshi River is known as the Saptakoshi, or “seven Koshis,” because seven Himalayan rivers merge to create it. The Tamur flows down from Kanchenjunga in eastern Nepal near its border with Bhutan and India; the Arun comes down from Tibet. Out of the Khumbu comes the Dudh Koshi, the milky blue river that entranced me on the way up to Gokyo. The Dudh Koshi joins the Sun Koshi, which is also fed by the Tama Koshi, which in turn receives water from the Rolwaling Khola and Tsho Rolpa, the threatening glacial lake I visited during the monsoon of 2006. From farther west, toward Kathmandu, come the Likhu and the Indrawati. The latter receives the as yet undiverted waters of the Melamchi Khola. These seven tributaries of the Saptakoshi drain more than a third of the Nepal Himalaya, the wettest and highest of the great range, which includes the Khumbu and Ngozumpa glaciers. The Koshi drains almost thirty thousand square miles. It is Nepal’s largest river and one of the largest tributaries of the Ganga. Less than ten miles above the plains, three of these great rivers come together in a final merging: the Sun Koshi from the west, the Arun from the north, the Tamur from the east.

Against the Grain. Colonialism and the Demise of the Bunya Gatherings, 1839 – 1939

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Evans
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Blue Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Periphery

The white man dropped from the sun bright skyFor he envied the blackfellows' land,With greed and revenge in his restless eyeAnd disease and death in his hand.And he grasped the forest, and seized the strandAnd claimed the blue mountains high…Songs of the Carobra (1855)You literally could not kill an Aborigine with an axe.Toowoomba Chronicle (1919)Idyllic accounts of South-East Queensland's triennial bunya festivals - invariably written by Europeans - seem to float like beckoning mirages above a relative historiographical desert.' The story of the bunya gatherings in the coastal Blackall Ranges or in the Bunya Mountains, at the north-eastern periphery of the Darling Downs, is largely cut adrift from the intricate race relations history of these districts, its aura of ‘romantic reminiscence’ conveniently unsullied by surrounding patterns of colonialism, racism and violence which punctuate the extended process of European intrusion and displacement.

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