scholarly journals Body Composition of Female Senior Inhabitants of Biała Podlaska vs Their Physical Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wasiluk ◽  
Jerzy Saczuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Family Status ◽  
High Physical Activity

AbstractIntroduction. The aim of this study was to analyze body composition of female inhabitants of Biała Podlaska aged 60 years and older and characterized by different levels of physical activity.Material and methods. The study material were results from a survey conducted with 180 female inhabitants of Biała Podlaska aged 60 years and older (x 65.30 ± 4.68). The women were analyzed for body height, body mass, BMI and body composition. Their physical activity was determined using the IPAQ questionnaire and according to results achieved the women were classified into two groups: low physical activity (n=132), and moderate and high physical activity (n=48). The average frequency, duration and weekly energy expenditure of physical activities undertaken by the respondents were estimated in both groups. In addition, a social enquiry was conducted that enabled gathering information on the level of education, marital status and family status of the women. Results achieved were elaborated statistically.Results. The marital status 2 2 (χ2=11.001, p<0.05) and family status (χ2= 4.113, p<0.05) of the female senior inhabitants of Biała Podlaska were 2 modifying their physical activity to a greater extent that the educational status did (χ2= 30.360, p>0.05). In addition, significant correlations were observed between absolute values of tissue components of the body and physical activity of the senior women. The average total energy expenditure in the group with a low physical activity accounted for 236.5 MET, whereas in the group with moderate and high physical activity - for 2255.3 MET.Conclusions. The study demonstrated that not only time devoted to physical activity but also its intensity affected the levels of tissue components. Results achieved in the survey indicate the necessity of continuing studies to examine correlations between body composition and physical activity of older population.

High physical activity vs. quality of the trunk position and the efficiency of core muscles among young males

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Dominik Łakoma ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Trunk Position

Introduction: Physical activity is considered to be one of the keystones of a healthy lifestyle and an indispensable condition for correct body posture. The purpose of the study was to check the body posture of young males with above-average physical activity and how the position of the trunk changes after extending the arms forward. The frequency and intensity of back pain among males in the study were also analyzed. Material and methods: The study involved 50 young, healthy males, whose high daily physical activity was confirmed by the IPAQ questionnaire. Body height and weight were checked, and BMI was calculated. The position of the trunk in three planes was examined using the ultrasonic Zebris Pointer system. The examination was performed twice: in the habitual standing position and in the position taken from the Matthiass test: standing position with the arms in front of the trunk (90o). The data was prepared in the Statistica v13 program. Results: The male participants were characterized by an incorrect depth of physiological curvatures of the spine and asymmetry of the position of the shoulder and pelvic girdles in the frontal plane. Extending the arms forward in a standing position resulted in flatter thoracic kyphosis, rounder lumbar lordosis and tilting the trunk backwards. Periodic pain sensation in the lumbar spine was reported by approximately 60% of participants. It was a mild pain that did not require painkillers. There were no significant relationships between the quality of the trunk position and pains in the lumbar region. Conclusions: High physical activity turned out to be insufficient to ensure correct body posture and efficiency of core muscles. Postural education should be a permanent element of health promotion programs aimed at increasing the quality of life.

scholarly journals Energy intake, physical activity and body weight: a simulation model

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp ◽  
Jeroen H. H. L. M. Donkers ◽  
Elisabeth W. H. M. Fredrix ◽  
Piet oekhoudt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass

In adults, body mass (BM) and its components fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) are normally regulated at a constant level. Changes in FM and FFM are dependent on energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). The body defends itself against an imbalance between EI and EE by adjusting, within limits, the one to the other. When, at a given EI or EE, energy balance cannot be reached, FM and FFM will change, eventually resulting in an energy balance at a new value. A model is described which simulates changes in FM and FFM using EI and physical activity (PA) as input variables. EI can be set at a chosen value or calculated from dietary intake with a database on the net energy of foods. PA can be set at a chosen multiple of basal metabolic rate (BMR) or calculated from the activity budget with a database on the energy cost of activities in multiples of BMR. BMR is calculated from FFM and FM and, if necessary, FFM is calculated from BM, height, sex and age, using empirical equations. The model uses existing knowledge on the adaptation of energy expenditure (EE) to an imbalance between EI and EE, and to resulting changes in FM and FFM. Mobilization and storage of energy as FM and FFM are functions of the relative size of the deficit (EI/EE) and of the body composition. The model was validated with three recent studies measuring EE at a fixed EI during an interval with energy restriction, overfeeding and exercise training respectively. Discrepancies between observed and simulated changes in energy stores were within the measurement precision of EI, EE and body composition. Thus the consequences of a change in dietary intake or a change in physical activity on body weight and body composition can be simulated.

scholarly journals Do e-athletes move? A study on physical activity level and body composition in elite e-sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Akan Bayrakdar ◽  
Yağmur Yıldız ◽  
Işık Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of e-sports on physical activity level and body composition. Material and Methods.  The athletes who participated in the study were 19.92± 2.21 years of age, 1.73±0.04 m body height and 78.35±6.52 kg body weight. A total of 137 athletes participated in the study, including 27 from Turkey, 47 from South Korea and 63 from the United States (USA). The data was collected by e-mail from the sports clubs. The athletes who representing their country in international competitions involved in the study. The data obtained were evaluated in the SPSS program. Results.  According to the findings of the study, the body mass index (BMI) of e-sport athletes is 26.03±1.85, the number of physical activity steps is 6646±3400 and the daily e-sport hours are 9.34±1.12. The BMI was determined as USA 26.12, South Korea 26.02 and Turkey 25.84 respectively. The number of physical activity steps was identified as 5255 steps in the US, 7785 steps in South Korea and 7909 steps in Turkey. The daily e-sports hour is set at US 9.63 hours, Turkey 9.29 hours and South Korea 8.97 hours. In comparison of country-based athletes, there was a significant difference between physical activity level and daily e-sports hours at p<0.05. The value of BMI is not different. Although it is not statistically related to the physical activity level and BMI. There was no statistically significant relationship between daily e-sports hours and BMI and physical activity step counts. However, as the time of e-sports increases, BMI increases and the number of physical activity steps decreases. Conclusions.  As a result it is seen in the findings of the research that athletes dealing with e-sports are included in the fat group as a body composition and their daily physical activity steps are low. In addition, according to the results of the research, e-sports are thought to have negative effects on physical health. Thanks to the physical activity programs to be applied to these athletes, it is thought that their body composition and physical activity levels can be improved.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of a physical activity/inactivity questionnaire in South African primary schoolgirls

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZJ Mciza ◽  
JH Goedecke ◽  
EV Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
South African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

Objective. We sought to determine the validity and reliability of a self-report physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) measuring physical activity/inactivity in South African schoolgirls of different ethnic origins. Methods. Construct validity of the PAQ was tested against physical activity energy expenditure estimated from an ACTIVITYGRAM and inactivity from reported television programme viewing in 332 girls (ages 9 - 12 yrs, grades 4 - 5). Body composition (WHO BMI percentiles and percentage body fat) was used as an indirect measure of validity for the PAQ. Test-retest reliability of the PAQ was assessed in a convenience sample of 14 girls. Results. Weak but significant associations were found between the body composition and PAQ-derived total energy expenditure (r=-0.18; p

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of a physical activity/inactivity questionnaire in South African primary schoolgirls

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZJ Mciza ◽  
JH Goedecke ◽  
EV Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
South African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

Objective. We sought to determine the validity and reliability of a self-report physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) measuring physical activity/inactivity in South African schoolgirls of different ethnic origins. Methods. Construct validity of the PAQ was tested against physical activity energy expenditure estimated from an ACTIVITYGRAM and inactivity from reported television programme viewing in 332 girls (ages 9 - 12 yrs, grades 4 - 5). Body composition (WHO BMI percentiles and percentage body fat) was used as an indirect measure of validity for the PAQ. Test-retest reliability of the PAQ was assessed in a convenience sample of 14 girls. Results. Weak but significant associations were found between the body composition and PAQ-derived total energy expenditure (r=-0.18; p

scholarly journals Changes in Body Composition and Anthropomorphic Measurements in Children Participating in Swimming and Non-Swimming Activities

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Bielec ◽  
Anna Gozdziejewska ◽  
Piotr Makar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Exercise Frequency

Background. Physical activity is a well-known means of obesity prevention, but the relationship between exercise frequency and body composition in children has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the body composition of children aged 11–12 who regularly performed swimming and other sports as an organized extra-curricular physical activity for a 12-week period. Methods: The study included 46 students who attended swimming classes and 42 students who participated in training activities in other sports, including, but not limited to, football, basketball and athletics. Body height and body composition were measured using a Tanita BC 418 MA analyzer. The students individually reported their rate of perceived exertion during training using the Pictorial Children’s Effort Rating Table PCERT scale. Results: The weekly volume of training was substantially higher in the group of swimmers than in that playing other sports (12.3 h/week vs. 5.2 h/week, p < 0.01). After 12 weeks of training, body height and weight significantly increased in both groups (p < 0.001). However, the BMI value and adipose tissue content only increased in the group of non-swimmers. Swimmers perceived greater exertion during training than non-swimmers (7.1 vs. 5.8 on the PCERT scale, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In early pubescent children, engaging in vigorous exercise such as swimming for at least 10 h a week may restrain the growth of adipose tissue. However, the variety of exercises that are typical of team sports, if performed for no more than 5 h a week, may be insufficient to restrain adipose tissue growth.

Physical fitness of people with moderate and considerable intellectual disabilities

Physiotherapy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Ślężyńska ◽  
Grzegorz Mięsok ◽  
Kamila Mięsok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Abdominal Muscle Strength

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the physical activity of the intellectually disabled is the strengthening of health, creating movement habits, promoting active recreation, and maintaining exercise capacity. Skillfully applied physical activity allows to mitigate the effects of pathology and create the compensations to enable the intellectually disabled people to live relatively independently. Physical activity and sport also increase their chances to integrate with their families, peers, and social environment.Materials and methods: The research targeted a group of 134 people with moderate or considerable intellectual disability (65 women and 69 men), aged 20-53 years, who participated in occupational therapy workshops in Jastrzębie Zdrój, Rybnik, and Żory. Physical fitness was assessed using the “Eurofit Special” test and balance tests. Measurements of body height and mass were also taken and then used to calculate the body mass index (BMI).Results: A salient somatic trait was the greater body mass relative to height among the persons with considerable disability, clearly illustrated by the BMI. This explained their greater heaviness in performing physical exercises. An even greater difference between participants with moderate and considerable intellectual disability was visible in physical fitness. Obviously, older persons did not achieve as good results in fitness tests as the younger ones, yet the participants were more differentiated by the level of disability than age. Most symptomatic differences to the disadvantage of the considerably disabled were observed in explosive strength, speed, abdominal muscle strength, and flexibility.Conclusions: Significant differences in fitness between the compared groups make it necessary to take into account the level of intellectual disability in the course of physical education and sport, at work, and in household duties.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic-Measurement Method—Resting Energy Expenditure Assessment of Polish Children Practicing Football

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Edyta Łuszczki ◽  
Anna Bartosiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Maciej Kuchciak ◽  
Łukasz Oleksy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitor ◽  
Resting Energy

Establishing the amount of energy needed to cover the energy demand of children doing sport training and thus ensuring they achieve an even energy balance requires the resting energy expenditure (REE) to be estimated. One of the methods that measures REE is the indirect calorimetry method, which may be influenced by many factors, including body composition, gender, age, height or blood pressure. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the resting energy expenditure of children regularly playing football and selected factors that influence the REE in this group. The study was conducted among 219 children aged 9 to 17 using a calorimeter, a device used to assess body composition by the electrical bioimpedance method by means of segment analyzer and a blood pressure monitor. The results of REE obtained by indirect calorimetry were compared with the results calculated using the ready-to-use formula, the Harris Benedict formula. The results showed a significant correlation of girls’ resting energy expenditure with muscle mass and body height, while boys’ resting energy expenditure was correlated with muscle mass and body water content. The value of the REE was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) than the value of the basal metabolic rate calculated by means of Harris Benedict formula. The obtained results can be a worthwhile suggestion for specialists dealing with energy demand planning in children, especially among those who are physically active to achieve optimal sporting successes ensuring proper functioning of their body.

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