scholarly journals Effect of Crown Restriction on the Growth and Productivity of Sweet Cherries

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Edgars Rubauskis ◽  
Māra Skrīvele ◽  
Silvija Ruisa ◽  
Daina Feldmane
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Cover System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Full Production ◽  
Production Period ◽  
Gisela 5

The canopy of sweet cherry trees grown under cover has to be adapted to this growing system by canopy lowering, narrowing and renewing. Tree growth and productivity parameters were compared three years before and three years after canopy restriction (2006-2011) for cultivars ‘Iputj’ and ‘Krupnoplodnaya’ on rootstocks Gisela 4 and 5, Weiroot 154 and F 12/1 during the full production period. The largest trees with wider canopy both before and after canopy restriction were observed on rootstock F 12/1. Limiting pruning of trees on Weiroot 154 did not cause stronger shoot growth. On Weiroot 154 the canopy was slightly bigger than for trees on Gisela 4 and 5. Canopy volume was bigger for ‘Iputj’ before adaptation to the cover system than for ‘Krupnoplodnaya’. After canopy reduction the fruiting wood renewed slowly, and therefore, yield per tree even in the third year after pruning was almost three times less than before pruning. As cultivar ‘Krupnoplodnaya’ renewed fruiting wood faster, it was 5-37% more productive than ‘Iputj’. Productivity renewed more rapidly for trees on dwarfing rootstocks, especially on Gisela 5. The fruits of cultivar ‘Krupnoplodnaya’ were bigger both before and after pruning compared with ‘Iputj’. Of the tested rootstocks, F 12/1 was found to be not suitable for plantations under cover.

scholarly journals Preliminary Valuation of “Y” and “V”-Trellised Canopies for Mechanical Harvesting of Plums, Sweet Cherries and Sour Cherries for the Fresh Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Jacek Rabcewicz ◽  
Augustyn Mika ◽  
Zbigniew Buler ◽  
Paweł Białkowski
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Cost Of Construction

AbstractPlums, sweet cherry, and sour cherry trees were spaced 4.5 m × 1.5 m to be trained to “Y” and “V”-trellising systems for mechanical harvesting, with a canopy contact harvester, attending to obtain fruits meeting the requirements of the fresh fruit market. The applied trellising systems were compared with the standard central leader system at the same spacing. The most of trellised trees grew less vigorously than the standard trees, and after 3 years of training, the trees were suitable for mechanical harvesting with the harvester designed at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. The trellised trees were able to set as many fruitlets as those grown in the form of central leader and gave a comparable yield, but differences between cultivars were significant. Light interception in the third year after planting was lower for trees of sour cherry and plum growing in the “Y”-20° and “V” in comparison to the trees with central leader. Illumination of trellised canopies at the level of 0.7 and 1.5 m was the most favorable in “V” system when compared to control and “Y” training systems. Cost of construction for the trellising systems of stone fruits calculated per 1 ha was two times higher when compared with the standard system.

scholarly journals Physiological and Growth Responses to Irrigation of a Newly Established Hedgerow Olive Orchard

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gomez-del-Campo
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Olive Orchard ◽  
The Third ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Second Year

Olive production in the first few years after planting depends on how the canopy covers the hedgerow and develops flowers. Therefore, optimum irrigation management should look for the minimum amount of water required for maximum growth and bud initiation. The response of a young hedgerow olive orchard to different irrigation strategies was recorded for 3 years after planting in 2003. Observations included stem water potential (Ψstem), leaf conductance (gl), shoot and trunk growth, canopy development, and flowering. During the first year, olives received 74 mm of irrigation. During the second and third years, three irrigation treatments (T2, T3, and T4) were scaled back from a control (T1) that was irrigated to maintain soil close to water-holding capacity. T1 received 56 and 106 mm of irrigation in the second and third years, respectively. Treatments T2, T3, and T4 received 82%, 64%, and 46% of the water applied to T1 in the second year and 76%, 72%, and 29% in the third year of growth, respectively. Trees in T1 displayed different physiological and growth behaviors between years. Ψstem, gl, and shoot growth were 131%, 31%, and 56% lower in the third than in the second year, respectively. Irrigation treatment had no significant effect on evaluated parameters in the second year, except on Ψstem in T4 that fell below that of the other treatments in late September. In the third year, shoot growth, trunk diameter, and leaf area density in T4 decreased 52%, 13%, and 31% compared with T1, respectively. Nevertheless, external surface area and canopy volume were not significantly affected by irrigation treatment. The start of flowering, recorded in the third and fourth years, was not significantly affected by the irrigation received in previous years. Because water stress did not advance flowering, maximum growth should be the main objective in irrigation management of young olive orchards. No differences were observed between T3 and T1 in any of the vegetative, canopy development, or inflorescence parameters recorded, although Ψstem and gl were significantly lower in T3. During the second and third years, T3 can be considered the most efficient irrigation treatment with 36 and 76 mm of irrigation for each year, respectively.

scholarly journals The effect of different types of rootstock on the quality of maiden trees of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. ‘Regina’

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Baryła ◽  
Magdalena Kapłan ◽  
Marcela Krawiec
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prunus Avium L ◽  
Gisela 5 ◽  
Cherry Trees

Over the period 2006–2009 in Lublin, a study was conducted to determine the effect of five types of rootstock: ‘Colt’, ‘F12/1’, sweet cherry (<em>Prunus avium </em>L.), ‘GiSelA 5’ and ‘Piast’ mahaleb cherry (<em>Prunus mahaleb </em>L.), on the growth and quality of maiden sweet cherry trees cv. ‘Regina’ in a commercial nursery. Based on the three-year average, rootstocks were shown to have a significant effect on the investigated quality characteristics of maiden sweet cherry trees. Trees budded on ‘Colt’ vegetative rootstock were characterized by strongest growth and best quality. In each year, they were thicker, higher and better branched than sweet cherries on the rootstock. Under the tested conditions, ‘GiSelA 5’ dwarf rootstock significantly reduced the growth and quality of budded sweet cherry trees in the nursery. During the period 2007–2009, no physiological incompatibility symptoms were observed ‘Regina’ sweet cherry cv. and ‘Piast’ seedling rootstocks. The growth of trees budded on ‘Piast’ mahaleb cherry was poorer than on ‘Colt’ clonal rootstock, but it was stronger than on ‘F12/1’ and <em>Prunus avium</em> L. rootstocks.

scholarly journals Tree growth characteristics and flower bud differentiation of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) under different climate conditions in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
Z. Xie ◽  
A. Zhang ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
C. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Subtropical Monsoon Climate

The phenological stages, flower characteristics, shoot growth and flower bud differentiation of sweet cherries, cv. Hongdeng and Van, were investigated in different climatic zones in China, subtropical monsoon climatic zone (Shanghai, 31°14'N, 121°29'E) and temperate climatic zone (Qingdao, 37°09'N, 121°20'E). Sweet cherry trees grown in subtropical monsoon climatic zone had earlier phenological stage and longer blooming duration than those grown in temperate climatic zone. Fruit growth periods of Hongdeng and Van in Qingdao were 38 days and 51 days, respectively, but only 29 days and 45 days in Shanghai. Both cultivars showed more abnormal flowers under subtropical monsoon climate. The percentage of fruit set under open pollination in Hongdeng and Van were 31% and 24% in Qingdao, respectively, but only 0.4% and 3.2% in Shanghai. The trees grew more vigorous in Shanghai; flower bud differentiation was delayed by high temperature and superabundant rainfall in subtropical monsoon climate zone and more easily affected by the overlap of current shoot growth.

scholarly journals EARLY PERFORMANCE OF FOUR SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS GRAFTED ON GISELA 5 AND COLT ROOTSTOCKS IN A HIGH DENSITY GROWING SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Biserka Milić ◽  
Jelena Kalajdžić ◽  
Zoran Keserović ◽  
Nenad Magazin ◽  
Vladislav Ognjanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Gisela 5

Growing the sweet cherry on different vigor rootstocks, such as Colt and Gisela 5, in a high-density orchard, causes differences in growth and productivity and later imposes the need to change the growing system including pruning, flower and fruit thinning, irrigation and fertilization. In the present research, four sweet cherry cultivars (Summit, Kordia, Lapins and Regina) grafted on Colt and Gisela 5 rootstocks were assessed for morphological traits and productivity. The parameters investigated were: vegetative growth, bearing potential, fruit set, precocity, productivity, fruit growth habit and quality attributes. Compared to Colt, the trees on Gisela 5 had smaller TCSA and the length of two-year-old branches, in the fifth season after planting. Trees on Gisela 5 had a higher number of flower buds per may bouquet compared to Colt, which confirms that bearing potential is highly affected by the rootstock. Growing the sweet cherries on Gisela 5 induced a higher fruit setting in all cultivars except in Kordia. Fruit physical attributes were affected by the cultivar, growing system and experimental year. For all tested cultivars, the yield per tree was significantly lower on Colt compared to Gisela 5. Gisela 5 performed better than Colt, which suggests that Gisela 5 should be used as a rootstock in high density sweet cherry production systems.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of rootstocks of stone fruit cultures in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Marina Vinter ◽  
Svyatoslav Fedorovitch ◽  
Marina Karpushina ◽  
Sergey Gridnev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Average Multiplication ◽  
Gisela 5

The usage of the method of clonal micropropagation of plants is currently the most promising for obtaining virus-free plant material, including clonal rootstocks of stone fruit cultures. The introduction of clonal rootstocks of stone fruit cultures PK SK1, PK SK 2, AI 1 into invitro culture is best doneduring the active shoot growth period in the second decadeof May. During this period, the highest level of explants regeneration was noted: in the rootstock PK SK 1 – 94,6 %, in the rootstock AI 1 78.2%, in PK SK 2 80.4%, in Gisela 5 (control) 85,7%. From the third decade of May, the survival rate of explants begins to decline. At the stage of multiplication on the Murashige-Skoog medium, with the addition of 6-BAP 1 mg/L, the average multiplication factor of clonal rootstocks to the fourth passage was 1: 12 for PK SK1, for Gisela 5 and for AI 11: 8.

scholarly journals Gamma Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment for Sweet Cherries Against Queensland Fruit Fly

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Jessup
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Adult Eclosion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sweet Cherries

The quality of `Ron's Seedling', `American Bing', and `Lambert' sweet cherry drupes was not affected by irradiation doses up to 300 to 1000 gray. Peduncle discoloration increased in `Ron's Seedling' cherries when irradiated at 600 and 1000 gray. A dose of 75 gray prevented adult eclosion of more than 1300 Queensland fruit fly (Dacus tryoni, Froggatt). Larvae treated at the third instar were the least susceptible to gamma irradiation. The results indicated that gamma irradiation is a feasible quarantine treatment against D. tryoni without impairment to the quality of cherries.

scholarly journals Cultivar and rootstock response to drip irrigation in sweet cherry tree vigour and start of bearing during the first three years after planting

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažková ◽  
I. Hlušičková
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Tree Vigour ◽  
Gisela 5

Fifteen sweet cherry cultivars and three rootstocks were evaluated within three years in two experimental orchards established in the same location in the autumn 2004. In one of them drip irrigation was applied in the periods of insufficient rainfall, i.e. from mid-April to mid-August. This irrigation distinctly increased the vigour of trees that was jointly expressed by trunk-cross-section area, total length of shoots and canopy volume. An increase of tree vigour was the greatest in trees on Mazzard, medium on P-HL-C and the lowest on Gisela 5 rootstocks. The trees on P-HL-C that grew without irrigation similarly as the trees on Gisela 5 grew significantly more vigorously when irrigation was applied. Considerable differences in the response to irrigation were also found among cultivars; it increased the vigour of Halka, Sylvana, Aranka and Burlat more distinctly, whereas the least response to irrigation was recorded in the Horka, Jacinta and Justyna cultivars. The vigour of Regina, Tim and Vanda cultivars grown on P-HL-C rootstock was more extensively increased by irrigation than if they grew on Gisela 5. Flower and fruit sets of irrigated trees were with a few exceptions significantly lower than those of trees without irrigation. Tamara, Sandra and Regina were the most vigorous cultivars in this study, whereas Tim and Skeena had the weakest tree growth. Practical aspects of these findings are briefly discussed.

Аpplying of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic pulpitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
F. Yu. Daurova ◽  
D. I. Tomaeva ◽  
S. V. Podkopaeva ◽  
Yu. A. Taptun
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After

Relevance: the reason for the development of complications in endodontic treatment is poor-quality instrumental treatment root canals.Aims: a study of the animicrobial action and clinical efficacy of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic forms of pulpitis.Materials and methods: 102 patients with various chronic forms of pulpitis were divided into three groups of 34 patients each. In the first two groups, high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation was used in endodontic treatment in different modes. In the third group, endodontic treatment was carried out without the use of diathermocoagulation (comparison group). The root canal microflora in chronic pulpitis in vivo was studied twice-before and after diathermocoagulation.Results: it was established that high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the effect mode is 3, power is 4 (4.1 W) and effect is 4, power is 4 (5.4 W) with an exposure time of 3 seconds, it has a pronounced antibacterial effect on all presented pathogenic microflora obtained from the root canals of the teeth.

GESTOGENS IN CORPUS LUTEUM OF CATTLE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (III) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kristoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT By means of chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods progesterone and a substance closely similar to 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one has been detected in luteal tissue from non-pregnant and pregnant cows. In 21 animals quantitative measurements based on a method giving an average net recovery of 56 per cent showed that in pregnancy the average progesterone content in the corpus luteum reached a maximum in the third to fifth month, with low values before and after this period. For 6 nonpregnant cows, the average value was 20.2 μg/g tissue, which is considerably higher than previous values reported in the literature. The relation between these findings and the bovine dependence on a functional corpus luteum in pregnancy is discussed, and it is pointed out that more information about the metabolism of progesterone in cattle is highly desirable.

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