scholarly journals Gentrification of peri-urban spaces in France – the surroundings of Nancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Marchal ◽  
Jean-Marc Stébé ◽  
Florian Weber
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThe process of gentrification in the peri-urban districts of French cities has scarcely been touched upon in recent research, which has hitherto seen the phenomenon as typically associated with core urban areas. The tendency has been to view the periphery through the lens of the social crisis of thebanlieues. In contrast, the present article focuses on gentrification in the metropolitan area of Nancy(Grand Estregion) as a development that also plays a role in municipalities around major cities and especially around regional metropolitan centres. Starting with a survey of current research approaches, the article first pinpoints some gaps and methodological imbalances that need to be tackled, before embarking on the case study of peri-urban Nancy. Statistical data and empirical surveys in the form of qualitative interviews indicate how Nancy's peri-urban districts have developed a logic of separation, exclusion and social decoupling – typical features of gentrification – particularly in connection with the construction of new single-family houses as a supplement to existing residential stock. Key questions here concern individual motives for choosing a particular residential location, and the creeping "segregation from above" that accompanies this process. The image of France's peri-urban spaces that arises from this study stands in explicit contrast to the received, markedly negative connotations of the "urban periphery".

scholarly journals MIGRATIONS, POWER AND URBAN SPACES IN SICILIJA THROUGH AN ETHNOGRAPHIC CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Daria Settineri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Extra State

In this article, the author, based on concrete factual material, explores the specifics of modern migration processes considered within an urban area localized in Palermo (Sicily). In the context of this complex heterotopic space, resorting to the conceptual apparatus of M. Foucault, this kind of rhizome, if we operate with the concepts of J. Deleuze and F.Guattari, the author analyzes the actions of various actors of power – local and transnational – which dominate in this closed socio-urban environment, outlined by the framework of certain city blocks, – formal and informal, institutionalized and not, state and extra-state, legal and illegal, political, social, ecclesiastical, economic, criminal, the objects of projection and manifestation of which are migrants (primarily illegal) concentrated in these urban areas, who coexist there with the local population. The author also studies reactions of “newcomers” to the factors that affect them, including their ways of understanding and familiarizing with of their new place of residence as a micro- and the macrocosm, in all the diversity and complexity of the social connections that permeate this habitat and the factors that affect it.

scholarly journals MAPPING OF FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CAMPINA GRANDE COUNTY - PB: A SPATIAL MULTICRITERIA APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Barros Ramalho Alves ◽  
Hiran de Melo Filho ◽  
Bárbara Barbosa Tsuyuguchi ◽  
Iana Alexandra Alves Rufino ◽  
Patrícia Hermínio Cunha Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Flood Susceptibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pixel Analysis ◽  
The Government

Abstract: The social and economic impacts caused by floods in urban areas are diverse and increase as the land becomes gradually impervious. Due to the increasing urbanization of cities, it is necessary to implement a better planning process and optimize the urban spaces management and occupation. Thus, the government needs to gather reliable and useful data for the decision-making process. Therefore, the GIS plays an important role among urban planning instruments. Given the current situation in Campina Grande County, Paraiba State, Brazil - an area continually facing disturbances caused by occasional and concentrated rainfalls - the current study aims to map the areas seen as the most susceptible to floods, by using a MCDA GIS-based model (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis). There are five quantitative criteria considered in the analysis: slope, altitude, roads with drainage infrastructure, distance from water bodies and land use. It is a pixel by pixel analysis based on predetermined assumptions. Fuzzy functions were developed and overlay operations were performed. The results were consistent with historical records and with previous studies about the county, thus adding reliability to the model, which can be considered a potential management instrument for the case study area, as well as for cities facing similar issues.

scholarly journals ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL THEATRE IN LONDON THROUGH CHANGE OF USE AND FUNCTIONS OF ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Danijela Rogina ◽  
◽  
Radivoje Dinulović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
National Theatre ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
Key Aspects

The human population is currently on the rise and most Europeans live in urban areas, leading to increased urbanization. The change comes with its challenges, as cities, architecture, and urban spaces need to become more fluid, multi-functional, and innovative. This paper examines whether a change of use of public spaces, and functions of architectural and urban forms, can be used as an element in the implementation of sustainable urbanization. The theoretical framework of this paper focuses on literature findings relating to identified key aspects such as innovative approaches in changes of use — recycling and upcycling, green infrastructure and financial aspects, concepts of “right of the place”, and public participation. These aspects are addressed on both theoretical and practical levels, with the National Theatre in London as a case study. Findings convey that the change of use of spaces can be utilized to achieve sustainable urbanization, together with the management of functions and uses of architectural and urban forms. However, further research is needed with various stakeholders to identify a solid and inherent database, as a foundation on which the most optimal urban spaces would emerge, by identifying new functions and uses of urban space and architecture.

scholarly journals Assessing the habitability of single-family houses in Iraq a case study in Sulaimaniya city

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Nahedh Taha Al-Qemaqchi ◽  
Tara Azad Rauof
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Housing Standards ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Key Questions

A residence strongly influences the lifestyle of its occupants and may be a determining factor for the family's quality of life. To maintain the comfort and well-being of its occupants, each dwelling should be adequate for the household. The dwelling should therefore provide a habitable and comfortable environment. Housing space standards in many countries set the conditions for achieving these objectives and generally regulate the overall sizes of individual rooms in addition to the layouts of dwellings. This paper seeks to explore the relationship between habitable area ratios and other component area ratios, such as the structure area, the service area, the circulation area and the open space area, in the context of Iraqi single-family houses. Therefore, this study aims to answer two key questions: Is the habitable area ratio among other ratios compatible with Iraqi housing standards? And does it affect the performance of the units? To this end, the paper adopted a methodology for calculating each area ratio in several newly established complexes in Sulaimaniya City and their relationship to the size of different plot areas for assessing the habitability and efficiency of different house plot areas.

scholarly journals Social Entrepreneurship and Social Inequality: A Case Study of Latvia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aija Sannikova ◽  
◽  
Jelena Titko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Social

The present research analyses the theoretical and practical aspects of interaction between social entrepreneurship and socio-economic processes, thereby building up scientific experience in analyses of social entrepreneurship processes. The authors, based on a theoretical literature review and an examination of social entrepreneurship in Latvia, analysed the elements of the social entrepreneurship ecosystem, the impacts of social entrepreneurship and statistical data on social inequality in Latvia. The research concluded that social development in Latvia was at the initial stage, yet it provided support to people at risk of social exclusion and poverty. The development of social entrepreneurship in the regions of Latvia was uneven.

scholarly journals Anatomy of Place-Making in the Context of the Communication Processes: A Story of one Community and one Square in a Post-Socialist City

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kotus ◽  
Tomasz Sowada ◽  
Michał Rzeszewski ◽  
Patrycja Mańkowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
The Social

Abstract The article presents a discussion on the anatomy of place-making within the framework of the communication processes against the background of social order in a post-socialist city. The main aim of the text is to look at the social mechanisms of place-making processes “under the microscope”. The place-making activities are very often associated with planning and urban design. However, behind that planning veil is the social world of urban neighbourhood communities. In the article we propose, the social communication and participation processes are among the key factors responsible for creating urban spaces. We are presenting a place-making case study, using the example of Asnyk Square in Poznań. In this context, we are analysing social attitudes and social communication, which took place in the course of the place-making processes and influenced urban planning activities. The discussed case is complicated and provides no easy solutions.

French Primary Elections and the Internet, the Social Network of the Socialist Party, the Coopol

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino De Luca ◽  
Anaïs Theviot
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
On Line

Beyond traditional places for exchanges within organizations (for example, ward or branch meetings), virtual communication forums give members of political parties an opportunity to express their opinions on line. The social network of the Parti Socialiste (PS) in France, the Coopol, was created on January 12, 2010, and seems to hold out new prospects for public debate. The mediated exchanges which took place on this platform have allowed us to analyze the political debate among activists between July and October 2011. The results are based on different types of data (statistical analysis of text, web surveys and qualitative interviews) gathered while observing the debate on the forum and through interviews with voters and activists. The rationale for the use of three different approaches is related to the fact that the article presents several studies that can be evaluated in their totality, but should be taken singly in each case. The information provided by this article makes it an important case study which explains in an empirical way the latest theoretical approaches within this research field.

Assessing the impact of the urban landscape on heat wave episodes: a case study of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gara Villalba ◽  
Sergi Ventura ◽  
Joan Gilabert ◽  
Alberto Martilli ◽  
Alba Badia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Surface Model

<p>Currently, around 54% of the world's population is living in urban areas and this number is projected to increase by 66% by 2050. In the past years, cities have been experiencing heat wave episodes that affect the population. As the modern urban landscape is continually evolving, with green spaces and parks becoming a more integral component and with suburbs expanding outward from city centres into previously rural, agricultural, and natural areas, we need tools to learn how to best implement planning strategies that minimize heat waves.  In this study we use the Weather and Research Forecasting model (WRF) with a multi-layer layer scheme, the Building Effect Parameterization (BEP) coupled with the Building Energy Model (BEP+BEM, Salamanca and Martilli, 2010) to take into account the energy consumption of buildings and anthropogenic heat generated by air conditioning systems. The urban canopy scheme takes into account city morphology (e.g. building and street canyon geometry) and surface characteristics (e.g. albedo, heat capacity, emissivity, urban/vegetation fraction). The Community Land Surface Model (CLM) is used in WRF that uses 16 different plant functional types (PFTs) as the basis for land-use differentiation.  Furthermore, we use the Local Climate Zones (LCZ) classification which has 11 urban land use categories with specific thermal, radiative and geometric parameters of the buildings and ground to compute the heat and momentum fluxes in the urban areas.  The objective is to validate the model and establish relationships between urban morphology and land use with temperature, so that the model can be used to simulate land use scenarios to investigate the effectiveness of different mitigation strategies to lower urban temperatures during the summer months.</p><p> </p><p>We test the methods with the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB) as a case study. The AMB is representative of the Mediterranean climate, with mild winters and hot summers. With a heterogeneous urban landscape, the AMB covers 636 km<sup>2 </sup>(34% built, 23% agricultural, and 31% vegetation) and has more than five million habitants. We simulate the heat wave that occurred in August 2018, during which temperatures stayed between 30 and 40ºC for five consecutive days and compare results with observed data from five different weather stations. We then simulate a potential scenario changing land surface from built to vegetation, in accordance with Barcelona´s strategic climate plan, and the potential impact the land use change has on reducing heat wave episodes.</p>

scholarly journals Społeczna konstrukcja wiarygodności cudzoziemca w procedurze uchodźczej

Adeptus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
International Protection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sociocultural Differences

The Social Construction of Credibility: A Foreigner in the International Protection ProcedureThis article is devoted to symbolic violence occurring in the international protection procedure. The study focuses on the stages of the procedure in which the asylum-seeker is granted a chance to speak for themselves, and yet is unable to represent their case effectively due to sociocultural differences. As a result, even if their life situation qualifies them for refugee status, migration offices and courts are likely to issue a negative decision. Cases in which the failure to represent oneself results from sociocultural differences are described in the article as instances of symbolic violence. Following Dell Hymes and Katrijn Maryns, I stress the role of language-related inequality. I also employ Harold Garfinkel’s concept of degradation ceremonies in order to describe the ritual aspect of language use in statements of grounds for refusal of applications for international protection. The article is based on empirical research including a case study of an asylum-seeker family who applied for protection in Poland in the 2010s, participant observation in a free legal support centre run by a Warsaw-based NGO, and qualitative interviews with activists supporting refugees as their representatives and legal advisors. Społeczna konstrukcja wiarygodności cudzoziemca w procedurze uchodźczejPrzedmiotem artykułu jest przemoc symboliczna w postępowaniach uchodźczych. Skupiam się na etapach procedury, w których migranci przymusowi – mimo, że zgodnie z prawem udziela im się głosu – nie są w stanie skutecznie reprezentować swojej sprawy z powodu różnicy kulturowej. Nawet więc jeśli ich życiowa sytuacja uzasadnia przyznanie im statusu uchodźcy, urzędy i sądy mogą negatywnie rozpatrzyć ich sprawę. Przypadki, w których nieskuteczność w reprezentowaniu własnej sprawy wynika z różnicy społeczno-kulturowej, opisuję w kategoriach przemocy symbolicznej. Za Dellem Hymesem i Katrijn Maryns podkreślam zwłaszcza rolę nierówności językowych. Odwołuję się również do Harolda Garfinkela koncepcji ceremonii degradacji, aby opisać rytualny aspekt uzasadniania decyzji odmownych w języku urzędowym. Artykuł opiera się na badaniach empirycznych obejmujących: studium przypadku postępowania uchodźczego rodziny ubiegającej się o ochronę w Polsce w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. (analiza decyzji urzędowych i sądowych), obserwację uczestniczącą w punkcie bezpłatnej pomocy prawnej prowadzonym przez organizację pozarządową, a także wywiady jakościowe z aktywistami występującymi w roli pełnomocników w procedurach uchodźczych i udzielających porad prawnych.

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