scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Innovation: the European Union perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
The North ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Entrepreneurial Innovation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Entrepreneurship is the driving force of economic development and progress. A successful state, first of all, provides favourable conditions motivating the businesses to grow and flourish. Presently, the European Union is developing unevenly with multiple economic misbalances across the community, the West and the North being more competitive than the South and the East. The aim of the present research is to examine the framework of interdependence between the degree to which the governance quality and economic freedom in the European Union are supporting entrepreneurial activities and the performance of the community in terms of entrepreneurial innovation. The results reached through applying both qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the interdependence between entrepreneurial innovation and regulatory efficiency is strong for many of the European Union states which is determined by multiple factors including the institutional and economic ones. Also, the present paper underlines the importance of the proper regulatory framework for the efficient development of business innovation. The future research on this matter could consider in depth the impact of socio-cultural environment, its influence on the quality of governance and the impact of both upon the European entrepreneurial innovation.

scholarly journals The North Caucasus Region as a Blind Spot in the “European Green Deal”: Energy Supply Security and Energy Superpower Russia

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
José Antonio Peña-Ramos ◽  
Philipp Bagus ◽  
Dmitri Amirov-Belova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
The European Union ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Supply Security

The “European Green Deal” has ambitious aims, such as net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. While the European Union aims to make its energies greener, Russia pursues power-goals based on its status as a geo-energy superpower. A successful “European Green Deal” would have the up-to-now underestimated geopolitical advantage of making the European Union less dependent on Russian hydrocarbons. In this article, we illustrate Russian power-politics and its geopolitical implications by analyzing the illustrative case of the North Caucasus, which has been traditionally a strategic region for Russia. The present article describes and analyses the impact of Russian intervention in the North Caucasian secessionist conflict since 1991 and its importance in terms of natural resources, especially hydrocarbons. The geopolitical power secured by Russia in the North Caucasian conflict has important implications for European Union’s energy supply security and could be regarded as a strong argument in favor of the “European Green Deal”.

scholarly journals Impact of Artificial Intelligence Research on Politics of the European Union Member States: The Case Study of Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6708 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Reis ◽  
Paula Santo ◽  
Nuno Melão
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Union ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multimethod Research ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Impact

Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is at the center of academic and public debate. However, its implications on politics remain little understood. To understand the impact of the AI phenomenon on politics of the European Union (EU), we have carried out qualitative multimethod research by performing a systematic literature review and a case study. The first method was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), in order to report the state-of-the-art in the existing literature and explore the most relevant research areas. The second method contained contributions from experts in data science and AI of the Portuguese scientific community. The results showed that solutions such as intelligent decision support systems are improving the political decision-making process and impacting the Portuguese society at local, regional, and national levels. We also found that practitioners and scientists are currently shifting their interests from environmental and biological sciences to healthcare services, which is bringing new challenges in terms of protecting patient/citizen data and growing concerns about handling of critical information. Future research may focus on comparative studies with other EU States to obtain a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the AI phenomenon.

scholarly journals A Critical Evaluation of the Estonian Cyber Incident

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Donald L. Buresh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Impact

This paper evaluates the effect of the Estonian cyber incident on Estonia, Russia, the United States, the European Union, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also known as NATO. The paper employs the Valeriano and Maness criteria for evaluating a cyber incident critically. The article asks how did the Estonian cyber incident come to pass, what were the foreign policy and international relationship effects, what was the impact on Estonia, and how did Estonia react to the attack. The essay concludes that the Estonian cyber incident was a catalyst, prompting the nations listed herein to address the effects of cyber-attacks, and then search for acceptable solutions.

Przezwyciężanie kryzysu w procesie integracji europejskiej, poprzez zmiany regulacji dotyczących rozliczalności w podejmowaniu decyzji w UE, w wymiarze makroekonomicznym i fiskalnym

2016 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Anna Sroka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article concerns the impact of the crisis on the manner in which the European Union functions, with particular attention paid to the issue of accountability. The analysis of particular legal solutions adopted since the eruption of the economic crisis enables capturing of the changes that have occurred with respect to the functioning of democracy in the EU. This facilitates the search for an answer to the following research questions: during times of crisis, do transformations lead to improvements in the quality of democracy, or do they rather deepen the existing democratic deficit, particularly in respect of accountability? Are modifications to mechanisms governing the functioning of democracy in the EU helping to overcome both shortand long-term crises in the integration process? In order to find answers to these questions, an analysis has been performed of the changes made to regulations addressing governance in the European Union in the macroeconomic and fiscal sphere implemented between 2008 and 2013.

scholarly journals Are local employment initiatives able to generate quality employment? The impact on the female labour force

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-461
Author(s):  
Maria Jepsen ◽  
Danièle Meulders
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Local Employment

This article aims at analysing the quality of the potential employment created by local employment initiatives and more specifically the impact on the female labour force. The discussion on gender and the quality of created employment seems to be of importance as most European Union Member States are promoting job creation linked to local initiatives in typical female work areas such as caring and domestic work. The second section outlines important elements for the development of local initiatives, while the third section estimates the potential employment which is likely to be occupied by women. In section four an analysis of the quality of the created employment and the impact on the male and female labour force can be found. Section five briefly summarises the employment policies put forward in the European Union and section six shows real-life examples of local initiatives. Conclusions can be found in section seven.

scholarly journals The REQUITE Project: Validating predictive models and biomarkers of radiotherapy toxicity to reduce side-effects and improve quality of life in cancer survivors.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Riccardo Valdagni ◽  
Anusha Appanvel ◽  
Akke Botma ◽  
Adam Webb ◽  
David Azria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
European Union ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Centralized Database

85 Background: To present the REQUITE project (Validating Predictive Models and Biomarkers of Radiotherapy (RT) toxicity to reduce side-effects and improve quality-of-life in cancer survivors) and first results on the enrollment and acute toxicity (tox) of prostate cancer (Pca) patients (pts). Methods: The European Union funded REQUITE project involves centers in Europe and the USA. The main objectives of the project are to: carry out a multicentre, cohort study collecting blood samples, standardized epidemiology and treatment data, longitudinal side-effect and quality of life data (before and after treatment, years 1 and 2); produce a centralized database and biobank of DNA for 5,300 patients; validate clinical/dosimetric predictors of RT tox and incorporate biomarker data. The project focuses on cancers of the breast, lung and prostate. For PCa the primary endpoint is rectal bleeding at 2 years. Results: A centralized database was established for data collection, including storage of complete dosimetric information in DICOM RT format. Enrollment started in April 2014 and will end in August 2018. In the first 16 months 909 PCa pts were enrolled: 10% low risk, 33% intermediate and 57% high risk. 63% pts received exclusive RT (neoadjuvant hormone therapy in 62%) and 37% post-prostatectomy; 97% external beam RT (prescription doses: 60-85Gy, 2Gy equivalent, alpha/beta=3Gy), while 3% received brachytherapy. Data on acute tox at RT end (measured by CTCAE 4.03) are available for 496 pts. 79 G2-G3 GI tox were reported, with proctitis and diarrhea having the higher prevalence (45 and 30 events respectively). 74 pts exhibited G2-G3 GU tox, with 34 pts reporting multiple symptoms and frequency and urgency having the higher prevalence (43 and 30 events respectively, 25 pts both). Conclusions: REQUITE is proving the feasibility of a prospective standardized collection of epidemiological/clinical/dosimetric/toxicity data coupled to centralized storing of biological material. Meanwhile a large database is being created, which will be of value also for future research in the field of radioinduced side effects. REQUITE is funded by a European Union FP7 grant (601826).

Clearing the fog for an overall view on state-owned enterprises: quality of aggregate holdings reporting by public administrations in 12 countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Papenfuß ◽  
Lars Steinhauer ◽  
Benjamin Friedländer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
National Level ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Consultation Process

In the context of current debates on sustainable public service provision, austerity, debts and cutback management, the governance and management of and in state-owned enterprises is a crucial issue. An aggregate holdings report is an important tool for public administrations to provide accountability and the necessary overall view on the institutional service provision structures of core administration and state-owned enterprises. On the basis of a developed quality index with 175 test criteria, this study analyses the diffusion of aggregate holdings reports in 17 countries and the quality of 12 existing reports at the national level. First, the study provides a conceptual contribution for assessing aggregate holdings reports and future research on the issues of the model categories. Second, for an empirical contribution, the analysis enhances our state of knowledge on aggregate holdings report diffusion and quality patterns. Findings show that, in many cases, public administrations do not meet the requirements from theory and practice. Newer Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and European Union members reach comparably higher quality scores. This comparative study offers new insights that can enhance the sustainable public management and control of state-owned enterprises. Points for practitioners The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, which were published after an intensive consultation process in 2005 and revised in 2015, demand public authorities to develop aggregate holdings reports that cover all SOEs, and make them a key disclosure tool directed to the general public and politicians. This study develops a quality model for assessing the quality of aggregate holdings reports. The model can also answer questions that are often raised in reform debates, such as ‘Which is the best aggregate holdings report?’ or ‘Which aggregate holdings report can I use as a reference to further develop my own aggregate holdings report?’. The model is a conceptual contribution and the empirical results can be used for international bench-learning. They are also useful for international organisations such as the European Union, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Chartered Institute of Public Finance & Accounting and development aid/cooperation agencies in each country. The results of this study indicate that policymakers at the national and international levels should give more emphasis to the diffusion and quality of aggregate holdings reports and should reflect on establishing and revising legal obligations for aggregate holdings reports because the recommendations of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines, as a soft-law approach, are often not put into practice.

European Capital of Smart Tourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-265
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Aramendia-Muneta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smart Tourism

This theoretical chapter tries to underpin the European Capital of Smart Tourism initiative that was launched in 2018 for the cities of the European Union. It therefore starts with an introduction to smart tourism and to the meaning of a smart tourism city. It follows this with a description of the impact of the smart tourism city award on the European Union, and the rules of the challenge, emphasising the good practice of the two 2019 winning cities, Helsinki and Lyon. Finally, some recommendations for future research and a conclusion are given.

The Energy Politics of the European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 428-464
Author(s):  
Kirsten Westphal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Economic Weight ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Energy politics in the European Union is characterized by a combination of intergovernmental and supranational forms of governance. Scholars analyze the EU’s energy politics through the lenses of various theoretical approaches, with intergovernmental and neofunctional/supranational approaches dominating. The two approaches explain certain dynamics within the EU and the balance of power between Brussels and the member states. Energy policy is guided by the strategic energy triangle of sustainability, competitiveness, and energy security. The EU’s Energy Union marks a substantial shift: internally, to incorporate energy security as a primary objective together with sustainability and competitiveness; and externally, to use the EU’s economic weight and regulatory power in relation to external actors. Given its multilateral and rules-based character, the EU sui generis relies on a corresponding international environment and the liberal global order. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research on EU governance to achieve its climate and energy targets, the role of the EU in the global energy landscape, and the impact of energy transformation.

Cyprus and the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios Stavridis ◽  
Charalambos Tsardanidis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The Republic of Cyprus (or Cyprus) joined the European Union (EU) in May 2004 and adopted the single currency (the euro) in 2008. This article consists of three parts: it begins with a historical contextualization, explaining the reasons for Cyprus’ application for an Association Agreement with the (then) European Economic Community (EEC), and also examining the latter´s reaction and policy towards the 1974 Turkish invasion following a failed coup d´état against the Makarios Presidency that has led to a divided island since then (Part 1). In brief, what is known as the “Cyprus Problem.” This part also looks at the evolution of the Association Agreement during the period since 1975 which ended with the conclusion of a customs union Agreement between Cyprus and the European Community in 1987. The article next turns to an analysis of the Republic of Cyprus´ EU accession negotiations process (Part 2). It also covers the impact (or lack thereof) of various reunification plans, and most notably what is seen as the culmination of such efforts in the so-called 2002–2004 Annan Plans. The following section presents an assessment of how Cyprus has fared as a member state since it joined the EU (Part 3). It covers several key questions regarding the EU–Cyprus relationship. Whereas this article is not about the Cyprus problem itself, but as will be made clear throughout this study, it remains the dominant issue for the island. Others issues encompass EU relations with the Turkish-Cypriot community, the question of Turkey´s EU accession, the impact of the economic crisis of 2013, as well as energy security considerations following the discovery of gas in the region. The study concludes that being in the EU offers better perspectives for the Republic of Cyprus than if it had been kept outside it. If only because as the Accession Treaty makes it clear: it is the whole island that has joined the EU albeit the acquis communautaire cannot apply to the north, occupied, part of the Island following the invasion by Turkey. But all Cypriots are EU citizens. Yet, to a large extent, the experience of Cyprus prior to and after EU membership also reflects the kind of specific problems that a “small state” is facing in its international relations.

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