scholarly journals Mechanical Behaviour of Polylactic Acid Foam as Insulation Under Increasing Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Lucia Doyle ◽  
Ingo Weidlich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Heating Networks ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Measures to increase the share of renewables in heat generation, combined with increased energy efficiency provide a direct emissions reduction on the heating sector. Energy efficiency measures, as well as the role-out of sustainable heating technologies such as district heating networks have one key actor: insulation. However, state of the art insulating materials such as polyurethane or polystyrene have severe environmental drawbacks incompatible with today’s transition to the circular economy, and are the Achilles’ heel of the sector in terms of sustainability. Biobased and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) foam could be a promising replacement for fossil-based polymeric insulating foams. This study provides data on the mechanical behaviour of expanded PLA foam under different temperatures, which will help to assess its potential use as insulation where the foam is subject to heat.

Influence of Temperature upon the Texture Evolution and Mechanical Behaviour of Zircaloy-4

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 834-837
Author(s):  
Peter Honniball ◽  
Michael Preuss ◽  
Joao Quinta da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Crystal Plasticity Finite Element ◽  
Ebsd Data ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

The mechanical behaviour and texture evolution during uniaxial compression of Zircaloy-4 at different temperatures (25, 300, 500 C) has been studied. At room temperature and 300 C the texture evolution and strain-hardening behaviour observed are attributed to the activation of {10-12} tensile twinning, which can be identified in optical micrographs and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. The influence of twinning upon the texture evolution and hardening rate becomes less apparent with increasing temperature. Nevertheless twinning is still active at 500 C. Simulation of the texture evolution at 500 C using crystal plasticity finite element modelling (CPFEM) indicates that slip alone cannot explain the experimentally observed textures at this temperature.

scholarly journals Methodology of Indicative Analysis to Determine the Municipal Units for Implementation of the Energy-Saving Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Valery Stennikov ◽  
Ivan Postnikov ◽  
Olga Edeleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Order Preference

AbstractThis paper proposes a two-stage approach to choose the priority municipal units for implementing required energy efficiency measures in a district heating system. On the first stage the existing state of district heating system of Irkutsk region (Eastern Siberia) was analysed. On the second stage the choice of municipal units is considered as the Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) problem. The authors selected the most valuable criteria such as tariffs, subsidies and etc. that are rather sensitive for consumers and budget. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was applied to identify the priority municipal units for implementing energy efficiency measures.

scholarly journals Does the Balance Exist between Cost Efficiency of Different Energy Efficiency Measures? DH Systems Case

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Pakere ◽  
Dace Lauka ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
District Heating Systems

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the results achieved by implementation of different support policies in form of subsidies for energy efficiency improvements and transition to renewable energy sources. The article compares the energy efficiency measures in district heating systems with other support program. In order to assess the effectiveness of implementation of different renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency projects, the levelized costs of saved energy for different support programs were determined. Authors compared different co-financed projects related to replacement of fossil fuel energy sources in district heating (mainly to biomass) and the installation of new biomass boilers, heat pumps, solar collectors and other local technologies in municipal buildings. Results show that financial support for energy efficiency measures in industrial enterprises and district heating systems has been most cost-effective, mainly due to the low co-financing rate (30%) and the high potential for energy savings in different production processes. Authors have identified the blind-spots within the funding allocation for different municipalities, which is not always dedicated to achieved energy savings.

scholarly journals Steam system optimization of an industrial heat and power plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6 Part A) ◽  
pp. 3649-3662
Author(s):  
Risto Filkoski ◽  
Ana Lazarevska ◽  
Daniela Mladenovska ◽  
Dejan Kitanovski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Steam System

Improvement of the energy conversion processes efficiency helps to achieve a more reliable energy supply, a cleaner environment, more competitive businesses, and higher living standard. Industry data indicate significant potential for improving the efficiency of steam systems and minimizing their operating costs by implementing various measures. The present work is a result of a systematic approach for energy performance analysis and identification of opportunities for optimizing the steam-condensate system of the combined heat and power plant ESM Energetika, Skopje, North Macedonia. The boiler plants provide superheated steam used in a hot-water station for the district heating system, for electricity generation, and as process steam for industrial customers. As the main operating costs of the plant stem from the natural gas consumption, the implementation of a set of energy efficiency measures will lead to its reduction, accompanied by less environmental impact. As a result of the system analysis, a number of energy efficiency measures have been identified. For each measure, the impact on individual parts of the system, as well as on the system as a whole, is evaluated using the steam system modeller tool. This paper elaborates some of the identified measures that are considered more reliable from an operational and financial aspect, mainly focused on steam production for the district heating system. Based on a conservative approach, significant potential for savings of natural gas, electrical energy, and treated water is estimated, which will lead to annual financial savings of about 245000 Euro.

Adapting the Existing District Heating Systems to Dynamic Operating Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Răzvan Corneliu Lefter ◽  
Daniela Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Heating Networks

District heating systems operating under dynamic conditions without proper hydronic balancing is one of the causes of discomfort for heating consumers. Moreover, from the point of view of producers, unbalanced heating networks generate low energy efficiency. The study analyzes the operation conditions in three cases, on the same network: the first simulates the operating conditions of the network without balancing, the second when just balancing valves set to corresponding nominal flow rate values are used and the third when balancing valves and differential pressure controllers are used, the so-called total balancing method. Results highlight the importance of the hydraulic balancing under steady state and dynamic operating conditions, as a source to increase the energy efficiency and assure thermal comfort by better distribution of fluid flow rates between consumers.

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