Industrial Wastewaters of the Feed Industry: use of Sodium Ferrate in the Phenol Purification Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 829-839
Author(s):  
Gulnara Altynbayeva ◽  
Olga Kadnikova ◽  
Arman Aydarhanov ◽  
Medet Toretayev
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Combined Feed

Abstract The article presents the results of studies of the possibility of using sodium ferrate in the treatment of wastewater from organic substances on the example of phenol in the production of combined feed. This research has shown the technology of obtaining encapsulated ferrate using hexane, ethylcellulose and paraffin; it has also established the stability of encapsulated sodium ferrate in air and in an alkaline solution. Furthermore, the evaluation of the efficiency of using encapsulated sodium ferrate in the purification of the simulated solution from phenol in the technology of combined feed production.

VIII.—The Stability of Suspensions. I. The Rate of Sedimentation of Kaolin Suspensions by Salts at Varying Hydrogen Ion Concentrations

1926 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ogilvy Kermack ◽  
William Turner Horace Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Rate Of Sedimentation ◽  
The Stability

Summary1. The rates of sedimentation of a kaolin suspension in presence of varying concentrations of a salt (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulphate, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium citrate, calcium chloride, calcium sulphate, monocalcium phosphate, “superphosphate”, aluminium chloride, ferric chloride or lanthanum chloride) have been compared at various pH values. Abnormal results are obtained with sodium chloride, monocalcium phosphate, aluminium, ferric and lanthanum chlorides.2. Sodium chloride increases the rate of sedimentation in alkaline solution, but actually inhibits it in acid solution.3. In concentrations of monocalcium phosphate above 0·06 per cent, abnormal sedimentation in alkaline solution takes place, with the result that it is much more complete than at the corresponding concentrations in acid solution.4. In acid solution the tervalent ions, aluminium, ferric and lanthanum have little effect, but a zone of very marked flocculation occurs at pH 7–8. This zone separates a region within which the unsedimented particles are negatively charged from a region within which they are positively charged.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Lipases from Wild Microbial Strains as Biocatalysts in Biodiesel Production

Separations ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Luna ◽  
Diego Luna ◽  
Felipa Bautista ◽  
Juan Calero ◽  
Antonio Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
New Type ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Microbial Strain ◽  
Biodiesel Industry

In this study, the evaluation of the catalytic behavior of several wild bacterial strains in the 1,3-selective ethanolysis of triglycerides with ethanol to produce a new type of biodiesel (Ecodiesel) that integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols was carried out. The Ecodiesel production not only avoids the elimination of glycerol, which is largely generated as a by-product in the biodiesel industry, but also results in an increase in the biofuel yield. The wild microbial strain samples were obtained from several lipophilic organisms. In addition to evaluate the enzymatic extracts, the minimum grade of purification of the strains, necessary to obtain similar results to those attained with commercial lipases was studied. This purification treatment included a dialysis followed by a lyophilization process. Such extracts were directly used as biocatalysts in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol, attaining much better results (yield close to 100%) than those obtained with strains which were not submitted to the purification process (yields lower than 10%). Furthermore, the results here obtained are similar to those obtained with commercial lipases but were achieved under mild conditions and lower reaction time (2 h). In addition, the stability of the enzymatic extracts was corroborated by subsequent reactions, showing no loss of activity. Thus, this study brings to light that enzymatic extracts obtained by a very simple purification process can be economically competitive with the conventional biodiesel production methods.

Elaboration of an Efficiency Indicator of Treatment Industrial Waste Water by Ozone

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav E. Alekseev ◽  
Daria A. Pipko
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Industrial Waste Water ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Ozonation Process

While developing the technology of using ozone for the destruction of organic substances in industrial wastewater, it is important to determine the required dose of ozone and the period of water treatment. In some cases, for example, when the dyes are destroyed in textile sewage, the color reduction occurs earlier than the decomposition of the organic matter of the dyes. Thus, there is a need to control the purification process by several indirect indicators, such as oxidability, total organic carbon content and etc. There is also the difficulty in determining the required dose of ozone for the decomposition of contaminants. We carried out experimental researches and examined the material balance of the ozonation process. A generalized method for determining the consumption of ozone in the oxidation of contaminants in sewage waters is proposed. The indicator "chemical demand of ozone" is used. During the trial ozonation of waste water the method allows to obtain the dependence of ozone consumption on the processes of pollution destruction and to determine the required specific dose of ozone for the destruction of contaminants.

scholarly journals Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate on the Stability of Epicatechin in a Photolytic Process

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiuh-Tsuen Huang ◽  
Yi-An Hung ◽  
Meei-Ju Yang ◽  
Iou-Zen Chen ◽  
Jeu-Ming Yuann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Primary Compounds ◽  
The Stability

Catechins belonging to polyhydroxylated polyphenols are the primary compounds found in green tea. They are associated with many physiological properties. Epicatechin (EC) is a non-gallate-type catechin with four phenolic hydroxyl groups attached. The changes in EC treated with color light illumination in an alkaline condition were investigated by chromatographic and mass analyses in this study. In particular, the superoxide anion radical (O2•−) was investigated during the EC photolytic process. EC is unstable under blue light illumination in an alkaline solution. When EC was treated with blue light illumination in an alkaline solution, O2•− was found to occur via a photosensitive redox reaction. In addition, the generation of monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric compounds is investigated. On the other hand, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is a gallate-type catechin, is stable under blue light illumination in an alkaline solution. Adding EGCG, during the blue light illumination treatment of EC decreased photolytic formation, suggesting that gallate-type catechins can suppress the photosensitive oxidation of EC. Gallate-type catechins are formed via the esterification of non-gallate-type catechins and gallic acid (GA). The carbonyl group on the gallate moiety of gallate-type catechins appears to exhibit its effect on the stability against the photosensitive oxidation caused by blue light illumination.

Microscopic and enzymatic investigations on biofilms of wastewater treatment systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Gschlößl ◽  
Ingrid Michel ◽  
Marion Heiter ◽  
Christian Nerger ◽  
Verena Rehbein
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Sludge Flocs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability

In biological wastewater treatment inorganic and organic substances are fixed and metabolized by mixed populations of microorganisms forming either activated sludge flocs or biofilms. Not only the type of wastewater but also the operational conditions promote the development of an adapted biocenosis of microorganisms with specialized enzymatic functions. Understanding the biological properties of the microorganisms, it is possible to assess the prevailing conditions in their natural environment. Regular microscopic and enzymatic investigations of activated sludge and biofilms thus improve the assessment of the stability of the processes and support troubleshooting in wastewater treatment plants. While the role of bacteria is often discussed, the importance of ciliated protozoes and metazoes for the maintenance of the stability of biofilm systems is rarely mentioned. In this paper we intend to show some new results of direct microscopic observations in different sorts of biofilm systems focussing upon ciliated protozoes and metazoes. Practical results will demonstrate the relation between enzymatic analysis, microscopic investigations and performance of biofilm systems.

Genotoxicity of Organic Substances in Municipal Sewage and Its Ozonated Products

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ono ◽  
I. Somiya ◽  
M. Kawamura ◽  
K. Uenishi
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Test System ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Umu Test ◽  
Secondary Effluents

Some organic substances contaminated in industrial wastewaters are not easily decomposed through biological treatment plant. In order to investigate the genotoxicity of the substances which remain in effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant receiving industrial wastewaters, bacterial and mammalian assays were applied to the concentrated samples of secondary effluent. Ozonation was applied to decompose hard-biodegradable organic matters and to decrease its genotoxic intensity. Genotoxicity was surveyed for the concentrated samples using umu test system which can detect the umuDC genes that are known to cause error-prone repair. Positive results were observed in the case of Sep-pak-methanol extracts of secondary effluents with microsomal activation. Results of umu test showed negative in the ozonated samples of the effluent. Genotoxic substances in secondary effluents were decomposed by ozone into non-genotoxic substances. The concentrated sample was fractionated by gel chromatography using Sephadex LH-20 which can separate the molecule in the range from 100 to 5,000. A fraction of the effluent was determined as positive in umu test. The substances were detected in the range of over 5,000 molecular size.

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