Species of Aphis inhabiting European Oenothera: their biology, morphology and systematics (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimantas Rakauskas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
European Species ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

AbstractInformation on the Aphis species that feed on evening primroses (Oenothera spp.) has been summarized in the catalogue of the aphid species inhabiting herbaceous plants of the world (Blackman & Eastop, 2006). Recent descriptions of the European species, A. holoenotherae (Rakauskas, 2007), that appeared to be a sibling of the American A. oenotherae, demonstrated the need of reexamining the current state of knowledge of the Aphis species inhabiting evening primroses in Europe. The present study, based on published original data, revealed nine aphid species of the genus Aphis which are capable of living on Oenothera plants in Europe. Only two of them are really dependent on Oenothera species during their life cycle: A. oenotherae Oestlund and A. holoenotherae Rakauskas. They have different life cycles and host plant spectrum, although they are very close in their morphology. Processus terminalis length appeared to be the most reliable morphological character in distinguishing between apterous and alate viviparous females, and males of A. oenotherae and A. holoenotherae at the present time. A. grossulariae is not a typical Oenothera-feeder in Europe, occurring on evening primroses only by chance. Other Aphis species (epilobiaria, fabae, sambuci, praeterita, frangulae, nasturtii), are opportunistic inhabitants of Oenothera plants. Information about host specificity and morphology of the Oenothera-inhabiting European Aphis species is summarized, and a key for the entire range of species found living on European Oenothera is provided.

scholarly journals Echinococcus spp.: Tapeworms that Pose a Danger to Both Animals and Humans – a Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brožová ◽  
I. Jankovská ◽  
V. Bejček ◽  
S. Nechybová ◽  
P. Peřinková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Echinococcus Spp

Abstract Species of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda; Taeniidae) are minute tapeworms of carnivores. Their larvae are known as hydatids (metacestode), which proliferate asexually in various mammals. Like the majority of cestodes, Echinococcus spp. require two different host species to complete their life cycle. Definitive hosts harbouring the adult cestodes in the small intestine are exclusively carnivores of the Canidae and Felidae families. A wide range of mammal species including humans is susceptible to infection by the metacestode of Echinococcus spp., which develops in their viscera. The disease, caused by species of the genus Echinococcus, is called echinococcosis, and it is one of the most dangerous zoonoses in the world. The traditional species Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis are agents of significant diseases due to the high number of cases and the wide geographical species range. The taxonomy of the genus is controversial; in the current state of ongoing complex revisions, the agent of cystic echinococcosis E. granulosus sensu lato is divided into five species (E. granulosus sensu stricto, E. felidis, E. equinus, E. ortleppi, E. canadensis), in addition to the agents of alveolar echinococcosis (E. multilocularis, E. shiquicus) and polycystic/unicystic echinococcosis (E. vogeli, E. oligarthrus). Here we provide an overview of the current situation, which continues to develop.

scholarly journals Extensive transcriptional changes in the aphid species Myzus cerasi under different host environments associated with detoxification genes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thorpe ◽  
Carmen M. Escudero-Martinez ◽  
Sebastian Eves-van den Akker ◽  
Jorunn I.B. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Host Alternation

AbstractAphids are phloem-feeding insects that cause yield losses to crops globally. These insects feature complex life cycles, which in the case of many agriculturally important species involves the use of primary and secondary host plant species. Whilst host alternation between primary and secondary host can occur in the field depending on host availability and the environment, aphid populations maintained as laboratory stocks generally are kept under conditions that allow asexual reproduction by parthenogenesis on secondary hosts. Here, we used Myzus cerasi (black cherry aphid) to assess aphid transcriptional differences between populations collected from primary hosts in the field and those adapted to secondary hosts under controlled environment conditions. Adaptation experiments of M. cerasi collected from local cherry tress to reported secondary host species resulted in low survival rates. Moreover, aphids were unable to survive on secondary host Land cress, unless first adapted to another secondary host, cleavers. Transcriptome analyses of populations collected from primary host cherry in the field and the two secondary host plant species in a controlled environment showed extensive transcriptional plasticity to a change in host environment, with predominantly genes involved in redox reactions differentially regulated. Most of the differentially expressed genes across the M. cerasi populations from the different host environments were duplicated and we found evidence for differential exon usage. In contrast, we observed only limited transcriptional to a change in secondary host plant species.

The Life Cycles of Destination Life Cycle Models

2017 ◽  
pp. 170-187
Author(s):  
Sudipta Kiran Sarkar ◽  
Babu P. George
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Generic Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Critical Conversation ◽  
Political Economic

Product Life Cycle (PLC) has always been a hot topic in the tourism literature. Butler's Tourism Area Lifecycle model and Plog's destination life cycle model have both been applied and analysed extensively in tourism destination development and lifecycle studies. This study attempts to offer a critical conversation on the similarities and differences as well as the strengths and weaknesses of these two widely referred generic models of destination life cycle. It also identifies some recent socio-political, economic, and technological developments that have changed the nature of tourism destination development in many parts of the world and in particular to Asia and the implications of these developments upon life cycles. Based on more recent research, the present authors suggest that the reality of destination development lies somewhere in between, as a resultant of interaction with the processes laid out by Plog and Butler.

Perca fluviatilis in Australia: Zoogeographic Expression of a Life Cycle in Relation to an Environment

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Weatherley
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Model Management ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Distributional Limits

Perca fluviatilis was introduced into Australia during the nineteenth century. Its extensive distribution in Australia and the range of climatic and topographic conditions over which it occurs make it possible to distinguish the roles of high temperature, breeding conditions, and flow characteristics in rivers in limiting the spread of the species. By extrapolation the distributional limits of the species throughout the world can be largely explained and, by analogy, those of the closely related species P. flavescens in North America. A model of a fish life cycle arising out of knowledge of Perca life cycles is presented as a possible tool for clarifying and predicting the success or failure of species introduced into new environments. Key words: Percidae, Perca, zoogeography, life history, introduction in Australia, predictive model, management, Eurasian perch

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment as tool for realization of sustainable development goals - towards sustainable future of the world: mini review

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Joanna Bojarska ◽  
Patrycja Złoty ◽  
Wojciech M. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Current State ◽  
Product Service ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

“One planet, one main goal: good life for all”: it could be a motto of sustainable world. Sustainability is global mega trend in all fields of life to promote prosperity protecting our planet. Sustainable development is a requirement and a priority for all people all over the world. It is defined as development of the current world with a view to the future generations. In 2015, the UN Member States established Agenda 2030, including seventeen “Sustainable Development Goals”, SDG, which should be realized by 2030. Objectives scope all areas of life, namely quality of human life, ecosystem, world peace or partnerships. Each goal has an environmental context. According to the “United Nations Environment Program” (UNEP), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a perfect method in the context of the environmental dimensions of the SDGs. The concept not only concerns the effects of the process/production system or the product/service but also all stages of its life (from cradle to grave), considering the carbon, environmental, consumer or biodiversity footprints. LCA is the only comprehensive eco-innovation indicator and policy implementation technique of sustainable development in companies in terms of eco-efficiency and eco-products. This mini review provides a survey of the current state of knowledge on sustainability and sustainable development as well as the relevance of new holistic methodology bridging SDGs with LCA, on the base of the newest scientific worldwide literature.

scholarly journals Особенности экологии и жизненных циклов водных моллюсков Средней Азии

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Zuvaidullo I. Izzatullaev ◽  
Nilufar A. Ruzikulova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Bivalve Species ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Ecological Patterns

Рассмотрены особенности экологии водных моллюсков Средней Азии. Представлены оригинальные сведения по биологии 45 видов брюхоногих и двустворчатых моллюсков. Обсуждается влияние на жизненные циклы этих видов температуры, кислородного режима, освещенности, продолжительности безводного периода. Показана прямая зависимость между размерами моллюсков и продолжительностью их жизни. Ключевые слова: Средняя Азия, брюхоногие, двустворчатые моллюски, экологические группы, жизненный цикл, продолжительность жизни, размножение, генерация. Ecological patterns of aquatic mollusks of Central Asia are discussed and reviewed. Original data on biology of 45 gastropod and bivalve species are presented. The effect of temperature, oxygen regime, illumination and duration of waterless periods on mollusk life cycles is discussed. A direct relationship has been shown between the size of molluscs and their lifespan. Key words: Central Asia, gastropods, bivalves, ecological groups, life cycle, lifespan, reproduction, generation.

The Life Cycles of Destination Life Cycle Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 625-642
Author(s):  
Sudipta Kiran Sarkar ◽  
Babu P. George
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Generic Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Critical Conversation ◽  
Political Economic

Product Life Cycle (PLC) has always been a hot topic in the tourism literature. Butler's Tourism Area Lifecycle model and Plog's destination life cycle model have both been applied and analysed extensively in tourism destination development and lifecycle studies. This study attempts to offer a critical conversation on the similarities and differences as well as the strengths and weaknesses of these two widely referred generic models of destination life cycle. It also identifies some recent socio-political, economic, and technological developments that have changed the nature of tourism destination development in many parts of the world and in particular to Asia and the implications of these developments upon life cycles. Based on more recent research, the present authors suggest that the reality of destination development lies somewhere in between, as a resultant of interaction with the processes laid out by Plog and Butler.

Morphological discrimination of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations feeding on Compositae

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Margaritopoulos ◽  
M. Tzortzi ◽  
K.D. Zarpas ◽  
J.A. Tsitsipis ◽  
R.L. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Canonical Variates ◽  
Family Associations

AbstractAphis gossypii Glover is a polyphagous aphid pest with a worldwide distribution. However, there is evidence that on a global scale the name A. gossypii is being applied to a number of forms with different life cycles and/or host-plant associations. Morphometric variation of A. gossypii samples from crops and non-cultivated plants in many parts of the world was examined, to determine whether this variation is correlated with the hosts from which the aphids originated. Samples of A. gossypii were collected from Cucurbitaceae and Malvaceae in Europe, and from Compositae in various parts of the world. Morphometric data for 13 parameters measured from 97 clonal lineages (728 specimens) and 27 field-collected samples (313 specimens) were analysed by a series of canonical variates analyses, using the field sample/clonal lineage as grouping factor. Clonal lineages were reared on a common host in controlled conditions to standardize the effect of host and environment on morphology. The analyses provided a clear morphometric separation of the aphids originating from Compositae and those collected on Cucurbitaceae and Malvaceae, regardless of the geographical origin of the aphids and the host plant on which they were reared. This indicates that within A. gossypii there are two widely distributed host races or subspecies with different plant family associations. The taxonomic implications are discussed.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

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