scholarly journals Effect of viscosity of a liquid membrane containing oleyl alcohol on the pertraction of butyric acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Blahušiak ◽  
Ján Marták ◽  
Fernando Miranda ◽  
Štefan Schlosser ◽  
José Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Oleyl Alcohol ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Membrane Extraction ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Supported Liquid Membranes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSolvent formulation is important in the optimization of the mass-transfer through supported liquid membranes (SLM) in pertraction and membrane extraction. Oleyl alcohol (OA) is frequently used as the solvent or diluent in the extraction of carboxylic acids. A disadvantage of OA is its relatively high viscosity of 28.32 mPa s at 25°C. This can be decreased by the application of a less viscous OA diluent, e.g. dodecane. The relationship between the ratio of the distribution coefficient of butyric acid (BA), D F, and the viscosity of OA-dodecane solvents, µ, as extraction and transport characteristics, and the overall mass-transfer coefficient, K p, through SLMs was analyzed. Dependence of the D F/µ ratio on the OA concentration showed a maximum at the OA concentration of 15 mass % to 30 mass %. The OA concentration dependence of K p for SLMs exhibited also a maximum at about 30 mass % and 20 mass % of OA at the BA concentration driving force of 0.12 kmol m−3 and 0.3 kmol m−3, respectively. Shifting of the maximum in K p dependences towards lower OA concentrations by increasing the BA concentration driving force is in agreement with the D F/µ ratio dependence. Using pure OA as the solvent or diluent is not preferable and a mixture of a low viscosity diluent with the OA concentration below 40 mass % should be used. The presented results show the potential of the D F/µ ratio in the screening and formulation of solvents in extraction and SLM optimization.

Microfluidics to determine the diffusive mass transfer of a low viscosity solvent into a high viscosity hydrocarbon

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 1327-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarash Keshmiri ◽  
Mohammad Pourmohammadbagher ◽  
Haibo Huang ◽  
Neda Nazemifard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Diffusive Mass Transfer

Mass-transfer in pertraction of butyric acid by phosphonium ionic liquids and dodecane

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Marták ◽  
Štefan Schlosser ◽  
Marek Blahušiak
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Reverse Micelles ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Reactive Extraction ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cyphos Il 104 ◽  
Mean Concentration

AbstractTransport of butyric acid (BA) through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing phosphonium ionic liquid (IL) Cyphos IL-104 and dodecane occurs by two mechanisms. The first is related to the physical solubility of undissociated acid in dodecane in the form of a monomer or dimer and the second to the reactive extraction of acid by IL. Although the model of pertraction indicates that increasing the mean concentration of acid in the feed, c F,lmv, increases the participation of pertraction based on the physical solubility; in the tested range of c F,lmv from 0 kmol m−3 to 0.45 kmol m−3 it does not play an important role and at the highest c F,lmv value, less than 10 % of the overall BA transport were achieved. The presence of IL in SLM considerably increases the value of the overall mass transfer coefficient in pertraction at low BA concentrations. However, at c F,lmv > 0.4 kmol m−3 its values are similar for SLMs with and without IL. Compared to lactic acid, the pertraction of BA through the same SLM is about five times faster. Reactive transport of BA is connected with the back transport of water via reverse micelles decomposition and formation on the extraction and stripping interfaces.

scholarly journals Effect of meal viscosity and nutrients on satiety, intragastric dilution, and emptying assessed by MRI

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. G1227-G1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Marciani ◽  
Penny A. Gowland ◽  
Robin C. Spiller ◽  
Pretima Manoj ◽  
Rachel J. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Varying Viscosity

The relationship between the intragastric distribution, dilution, and emptying of meals and satiety was studied using noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques in 12 healthy subjects with four polysaccharide test meals of varying viscosity and nutrient content as follows: 1) low-viscosity nonnutrient, 2) low-viscosity nutrient, 3) high-viscosity nonnutrient, and 4) high-viscosity nutrient. Increasing the nutrient content of the high-viscosity meal delayed gastric emptying from 46 ± 9 to 76 ± 6 min ( P < 0.004), whereas increasing viscosity had a smaller effect. The volume of secretions within the stomach 60 min after ingestion was higher for the high-viscosity nutrient meal ( P < 0.04). A simple model to calculate the total volume of secretion added to the test meal is presented. Color-coded dilution map images showed the heterogeneous process of progressive gastric dilution of high-viscosity meals, whereas low-viscosity meals were uniformly diluted. Fullness was found to be linearly related to total gastric volumes for the nutrient meals ( R 2 = 0.98) and logarithmically related for the nonnutrient meals ( R 2 = 0.96). Fullness was higher for high- compared with low-viscosity meals ( P < 0.02), and with the nutrient meals this was associated with greater antral volumes ( P < 0.05).

The Analysis of Crude Oil Nature’s Impact on Oil Pipeline Underground Divulging Pollutant Migration

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
Guo Zhong Wu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Han Bing Qi ◽  
Ying Ming Zhou ◽  
Dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Porous Medium ◽  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Mass Transfer Process ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
The Impact

The oil pipeline burying divulging pollutant was taken as the object of study in this paper, the heat transfer and mass transfer process of which in the soil porous medium were carried by the numerical analysis. The oil phase change for multiphase flow leakage process for buried pipelines for oil, gas and water in the low temperature was considered, and the impact on multiphase leakage process of high and low viscosity of the oil phase viscosity properties was analyzed. It cited multiphase pipeline leak by using Fluent at different times during the course of the earth temperature field , the oil / water phase distribution , surface temperature, and the results showed that : there existed a big difference between the multiphase flow leakage process surface temperature changes and porous medium heat and mass transfer processes with the conditions of high viscosity and low viscosity conditions . Therefore, the impact of the physical properties on buried oil pipeline leak process at low temperatures is great.

scholarly journals Versatile Microfluidic Mixing Platform for High- and Low-Viscosity Liquids via Acoustic and Chemical Microbubbles

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Yanfang Guan ◽  
Baichuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Microfluidic Mixing ◽  
Mixing Effect ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Passive Mixing ◽  
The Relationship

Microfluidic mixers have been extensively studied due to their wide application in various fields, including clinical diagnosis and chemical research. In this paper, we demonstrate a mixing platform that can be used for low- and high-viscosity liquid mixing by integrating passive (utilizing the special circulating crossflow characteristics of a zigzag microstructure and cavitation surfaces at the zigzag corners) and active (adding an acoustic field to produce oscillating microbubbles) mixing methods. By exploring the relationship between the active and passive mixing methods, it was found that the microbubbles were more likely generated at the corners of the zigzag microchannel and achieved the best mixing efficiency with the acoustically generated microbubbles (compared with the straight channel). In addition, a higher mixing effect was achieved when the microchannel corner angle and frequency were 60° and 75 kHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the device also achieved an excellent mixing effect for high-viscosity fluids, such as glycerol (its viscosity was approximately 1000 times that of deionized (DI) water at 25 °C). The mixing time was less than 1 s, and the mixing efficiency was 0.95 in the experiment. Furthermore, a new microbubble generation method was demonstrated based on chemical reactions. A higher mixing efficiency (0.97) was achieved by combining the chemical and acoustic microbubble methods, which provides a new direction for future applications and is suitable for the needs of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems and point-of-care testing (POCT).

Desalination using modified configuration of supported liquid membrane with enhancement of mass transfer of NaCl

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona M. Naim ◽  
Abeer A. Moneer ◽  
Mahmoud M. Elewa ◽  
Ahmed A. El-Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
First Order ◽  
Supported Liquid Membranes ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Receptor Phase ◽  
Donor Phase

Abstract Supported liquid membranes (SLM) suffer from very slow mass transfer of the solute from the donor phase (DP) to the receptor phase (RP) through the liquid membrane (LM). In the present work, an attempt was made to accelerate the mass transfer in SLM by creating a modified configuration in which the DP and RP are made to flow either co- or counter-currently to each other. Variables, which could affect the removal of NaCl, were the volume ratio of DP to RP, type and quantity of sequestering agent (SA), presence of mobile carrier (MC), type of LM, and flow rate of DP and RP. The results showed that the higher the flow rate of DP and RP, the higher the mass transfer of NaCl. Quantity and type of SA and type of LM were prime important factors. Remarkably, the time required for transfer of NaCl from DP to RP was reduced from several hours in the case of stagnant SLM to several minutes in the present work. The mass transfer of NaCl was analysed based on kinetic laws of two consecutive irreversible first-order reactions. The values achieved establish the process is diffusion controlled, and the membrane entrance rate constants increase directly with initial concentration (Ci) and inversely with quantity of SA.

Analysis of magnetic force and dynamic characteristic for non-contact permanent magnet linear drive device

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1345
Author(s):  
Chuan Zhao ◽  
Feng Sun ◽  
Junjie Jin ◽  
Mingwei Bo ◽  
Fangchao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Dynamic Characteristic ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
The Relationship

This paper proposes a computation method using the equivalent magnetic circuit to analyze the driving force for the non-contact permanent magnet linear drive system. In this device, the magnetic driving force is related to the rotation angle of driving wheels. The relationship is verified by finite element analysis and measuring experiments. The result of finite element simulation is in good agreement with the model established by the equivalent magnetic circuit. Then experiments of displacement control are carried out to test the dynamic characteristic of this system. The controller of the system adopts the combination control of displacement and angle. The results indicate that the system has good performance in steady-state error and response speed, while the maximum overshoot needs to be reduced.

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