Sensitivity of imaging properties of metal-dielectric layered flat lens to fabrication inaccuracies

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kotyński ◽  
H. Baghdasaryan ◽  
T. Stefaniuk ◽  
A. Pastuszczak ◽  
M. Marciniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Super Resolution ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
First Order ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Resonant Transmission ◽  
Flat Lens ◽  
Imaging Properties

AbstractWe characterize the sensitivity of imaging properties of a layered silver-TiO2 flat lens to fabrication inaccuracies. The lens is designed for approximately diffraction-free imaging with subwavelength resolution at distances in the order of a wavelength. Its operation may be attributed to self-collimation with a secondary role of Fabry-Perot resonant transmission, even though the first order effective medium description of the structure is inaccurate. Super-resolution is maintained for a broad range of overall thicknesses and the total thickness of the multilayer is limited by absorption. The tolerance analysis indicates that the resolution and transmission efficiency are highly sensitive to small changes of layer thicknesses.

Exploring Baryon Rich Matter with Heavy-Ion Collisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Harabasz
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
State Density ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
First Order ◽  
Center Of Mass Energy ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Deconfinement Phase Transition ◽  
Ground State Density

Collisions of heavy nuclei at (ultra-)relativistic energies provide a fascinating opportunity to re-create various forms of matter in the laboratory. For a short extent of time (10-22 s), matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density can exist. In dedicated experiments, one explores the microscopic structure of strongly interacting matter and its phase diagram. In heavy-ion reactions at SIS18 collision energies, matter is substantially compressed (2–3 times ground-state density), while moderate temperatures are reached (T < 70 MeV). The conditions closely resemble those that prevail, e.g., in neutron star mergers. Matter under such conditions is currently being studied at the High Acceptance DiElecton Spectrometer (HADES). Important topics of the research program are the mechanisms of strangeness production, the emissivity of matter, and the role of baryonic resonances herein. In this contribution, we will focus on the important experimental results obtained by HADES in Au+Au collisions at 2.4 GeV center-of-mass energy. We will also present perspectives for future experiments with HADES and CBM at SIS100, where higher beam energies and intensities will allow for the studies of the first-order deconfinement phase transition and its critical endpoint.

Highly sensitive adolescent benefits in positive school transitions: Evidence for vantage sensitivity in Japanese high-schoolers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Iimura
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
School Transition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
Japanese Adolescents ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Some researchers indicate that the transition to high school deflects adolescent developmental trajectories. Others assert it provides a new possibility for the promotion of adolescents’ socioemotional well-being. One critical view missing in such claims is that individual variabilities interact with environmental influences. We employed the framework of Differential Susceptibility Theory, which postulates that individual susceptibilities moderate external influences for better and for worse. In order to clarify the mechanism of adolescents’ differential adjustments, this paper investigated the role of sensory-processing sensitivity using the Japanese version of Highly Sensitive Child Scale for Adolescence (J-HSCS), and tested whether the diathesis-stress model or the differential susceptibility model best describes students’ socioemotional adjustment across their high school transition. The current paper used the two-wave data collected from Japanese adolescents aged from 14 to 15 years (n = 412, 50% girls). In Study 1, we investigated the replicability of psychometric properties of J-HSCS. The results supported previous findings, indicating its validity for the bifactor model. In Study 2, we utilized confirmatory competitive model testing, which maximizes statistical power by parameterizing the crossover point to allow a direct comparison of alternative models. The results indicated that neither the diathesis-stress nor the differential susceptibility models fitted the data. Rather, a strong vantage sensitivity model was revealed, suggesting that highly susceptible adolescents disproportionately benefitted from a positive school transition over their counterparts. This finding signified the role of adolescents’ sensitivity to environmental influences and the importance of considering its moderation under person x environment interactions.

scholarly journals Role of MRI evaluation in acute secondary inability to walk in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sedeek ◽  
K. Aboualfotouh ◽  
S. M. Hassanein ◽  
N. M. Osman ◽  
M. H. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Bilateral Lower Limb ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background Acute bilateral lower limb weakness is a common problem in children which necessitates a rapid method for diagnosis. MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that produces high-quality images of the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord. Results MRI was very helpful in reaching rapid and prompt diagnosis in children with acute inability to walk. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) were the most common causes in our study. MRI proved to be of high sensitivity in detecting the lesions and reaching the diagnosis in ADEM and GBS; however, there was no significant relation between the lesions’ size, enhancement pattern, and severity of the disease or prognosis, yet in ATM the site of the lesion and number of cord segment affection were significantly related to the severity of the disease and prognosis. Conclusion MRI is a quick tool to reach the diagnosis of children with acute secondary inability to walk, and to eliminate other differential diagnosis which is essential for proper treatment and rapid full recovery. It is highly sensitive in detecting the lesions, their site and size.

scholarly journals Low-coherence photonic method of electrochemical processes monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kosowska ◽  
Paweł Jakóbczyk ◽  
Michał Rycewicz ◽  
Alex Vitkin ◽  
Małgorzata Szczerska
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Electrochemical Measurements ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Silica Substrate ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Optical Responses ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Hybrid Characterization

AbstractWe present an advanced multimodality characterization platform for simultaneous optical and electrochemical measurements of ferrocyanides. Specifically, we combined a fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interferometer with a three-electrode electrochemical setup to demonstrate a proof-of-principle of this hybrid characterization approach, and obtained feasibility data in its monitoring of electrochemical reactions in a boron-doped diamond film deposited on a silica substrate. The film plays the dual role of being the working electrode in the electrochemical reaction, as well as affording the reflectivity to enable the optical interferometry measurements. Optical responses during the redox reactions of the electrochemical process are presented. This work proves that simultaneous opto-electrochemical measurements of liquids are possible.

scholarly journals Interphotoreceptor coupling: an evolutionary perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cangiano ◽  
Sabrina Asteriti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the vertebrate retina, signals generated by cones of different spectral preference and by highly sensitive rod photoreceptors interact at various levels to extract salient visual information. The first opportunity for such interaction is offered by electrical coupling of the photoreceptors themselves, which is mediated by gap junctions located at the contact points of specialised cellular processes: synaptic terminals, telodendria and radial fins. Here, we examine the evolutionary pressures for and against interphotoreceptor coupling, which are likely to have shaped how coupling is deployed in different species. The impact of coupling on signal to noise ratio, spatial acuity, contrast sensitivity, absolute and increment threshold, retinal signal flow and colour discrimination is discussed while emphasising available data from a variety of vertebrate models spanning from lampreys to primates. We highlight the many gaps in our knowledge, persisting discrepancies in the literature, as well as some major unanswered questions on the actual extent and physiological role of cone-cone, rod-cone and rod-rod communication. Lastly, we point toward limited but intriguing evidence suggestive of the ancestral form of coupling among ciliary photoreceptors.

scholarly journals Multimodal Imaging Analysis Reveals Frontal-Associated Networks in Relation to Individual Resilience Strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
Shulan Hsieh ◽  
Zai-Fu Yao ◽  
Meng-Heng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
System Level ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Imaging Properties

Psychological resilience is regarded as a critical protective factor for preventing the development of mental illness from experienced adverse events. Personal strength is one key element of resilience that reflects an individual’s reactions to negative life events and is crucial for successful adaptation. Previous studies have linked unimodal imaging measures with resilience. However, applying multimodal imaging measures could provide comprehensive organization information at the system level to examine whether an individual’s resilience strength is reflected in the brain’s structural and functional network. In this study, MRI was used to acquire multimodal imaging properties and subscales of personal strength in terms of resilience from 109 participants (48 females and 61 males). We employed a method of fusion independent component analysis to link the association between multimodal imaging components and personal strength of psychological resilience. The results reveal that a fusion component involving multimodal frontal networks in connecting with the parietal, occipital, and temporal regions is associated with the resilience score for personal strength. A multiple regression model further explains the predictive role of frontal-associated regions that cover a visual-related network regulating cognition and emotion to discern the perceived adverse experience. Overall, this study suggests that frontal-associated regions are related to individual resilience strength.

scholarly journals The Role of Exopolysaccharides in Oral Biofilms

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cugini ◽  
M. Shanmugam ◽  
N. Landge ◽  
N. Ramasubbu
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Oral Microbes ◽  
Biofilm Development

The oral cavity contains a rich consortium of exopolysaccharide-producing microbes. These extracellular polysaccharides comprise a major component of the oral biofilm. Together with extracellular proteins, DNA, and lipids, they form the biofilm matrix, which contributes to bacterial colonization, biofilm formation and maintenance, and pathogenesis. While a number of oral microbes have been studied in detail with regard to biofilm formation and pathogenesis, the exopolysaccharides have been well characterized for only select organisms, namely Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Studies on the exopolysaccharides of other oral organisms, however, are in their infancy. In this review, we present the current research on exopolysaccharides of oral microbes regarding their biosynthesis, regulation, contributions to biofilm formation and stability of the matrix, and immune evasion. In addition, insight into the role of exopolysaccharides in biofilms is highlighted through the evaluation of emerging techniques such as pH probing of biofilm colonies, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance for macromolecular interactions within biofilms, and super-resolution microscopy analysis of biofilm development. Finally, exopolysaccharide as a potential nutrient source for species within a biofilm is discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Fluorophore Charge on the In Vivo Optical Imaging Properties of Near-Infrared Cyanine Dye/Monoclonal Antibody Conjugates

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Sato ◽  
Alexander P. Gorka ◽  
Tadanobu Nagaya ◽  
Megan S. Michie ◽  
Roger R. Nani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cyanine Dye ◽  
Antibody Conjugates ◽  
Imaging Properties ◽  
In Vivo Optical Imaging

scholarly journals Ganglioside incorporation and release by the isolated perfused rat liver

1991 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Kivatinitz ◽  
A Miglio ◽  
R Ghidoni
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Isolated Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Ganglioside Gm1 ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order

The fate of exogenous ganglioside GM1 labelled in the sphingosine moiety, [Sph-3H]GM1, administered as a pulse, in the isolated perfused rat liver was investigated. When a non-recirculating protocol was employed, the amount of radioactivity in the liver and perfusates was found to be dependent on the presence of BSA in the perfusion liquid and on the time elapsed after the administration of the ganglioside. When BSA was added to the perfusion liquid, less radioactivity was found in the liver and more in the perfusate at each time tested, for up to 1 h. The recovery of radioactivity in the perfusates followed a complex course which can be described by three pseudo-first-order kinetic constants. The constants, in order of decreasing velocity, are interpreted as: (a) the dilution of the labelled GM1 by the constant influx of perfusion liquid; (b) the washing off of GM1 loosely bound to the surface of liver cells; (c) the release of gangliosides from the liver. Process (b) was found to be faster in the presence of BSA, probably owing to the ability of BSA to bind gangliosides. The [Sph-3H]GM1 in the liver underwent metabolism, leading to the appearance of products of anabolic (GD1a, GD1b) and catabolic (GM2, GM3) origin; GD1a appeared before GM2 and GM3 but, at times longer than 10 min, GM2 and GM3 showed more radioactivity than GD1a. At a given time the distribution of the radioactivity in the perfusates was quite different from that of the liver. In fact, after 60 min GD1a was the only metabolite present in any amount, the other being GM3, the quantity of which was small. This indicates that the liver is able to release newly synthesized gangliosides quite specifically. When a recirculating protocol was used, there were more catabolites and less GD1a than with the non-recirculating protocol. A possible regulatory role of ganglioside re-internalization on their own metabolism in the liver is postulated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document