scholarly journals Early-Season Effects of Wildfire on Soil Nutrients and Weed Diversity in Two Plantations

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Oyedeji ◽  
O.O. Agboola ◽  
T.S. Oriolowo ◽  
D.A. Animasaun ◽  
P.O. Fatoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Total N ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Teak Plantation ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract This study assessed early-season effects of spontaneous wildfires on soil fertility and weed diversity in two managed plantations – cashew and teak – in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil pH and nutrients in the topsoils and subsoils of burned and unburned plantations plots after a spontaneous wildfire were analysed. Species diversity and similarity were determined based on the composition and abundances of weed flora two months post-fire. The fire effects on soil nutrients and weed composition in the plantations were evaluated using the canonical correspondence analysis. Burns incidence significantly improved the organic carbon, organic matter, and Ca contents while reducing total N and Mg in both plantations. Twenty-eight weed species were distributed in 9 angiosperm families. Fire differently affected weed composition, abundance and diversity in the plantations. Burning improved soil organic carbon and organic matter contents and restricted Tephrosia bracteolata, Desmodium tortuosum, Daniellia oliveri, Senna obtusifolia and Zornia latifolia to the burned cashew plantation. The occurrence of Euphorbia heterophylla, Eriosema psoraleoides and Crotalaria retusa in the burned teak plantation was associated with a direct fire effect on soil Na and Ca contents. Burning influenced soil nutrients in the studied plantations, but weed diversity increased in the teak plantation and was reduced in the cashew plantation.

The chemical and physical stability soil organic carbon in the top 1 m of the soil profile under different land uses in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedy Antony ◽  
Jo Clark ◽  
Chris Collins ◽  
Tom Sizmur
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Total N

<p>Soils are the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon and it is now known that as much as 50% of soil organic carbon (SOC) can be stored below 30 cm. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms by which soil organic carbon is stabilised at depth and how land use affects this is important.</p><p>This study aimed to characterise topsoil and subsoil SOC and other soil properties under different land uses to determine the SOC stabilisation mechanisms and the degree to which SOC is vulnerable to decomposition. Samples were collected under three different land uses: arable, grassland and deciduous woodland on a silty-clay loam soil and analysed for TOC, pH, C/N ratio and texture down the first one metre of the soil profile. Soil organic matter (SOM) physical fractionation and the extent of fresh mineral surfaces were also analysed to elucidate SOM stabilisation processes.</p><p>Results showed that soil texture was similar among land uses and tended to become more fine down the soil profile, but pH did not significantly change with soil depth. Total C, total N and C/N ratio decreased down the soil profile and were affected by land use in the order woodland > grassland > arable. SOM fractionation revealed that the free particulate organic matter (fPOM) fraction was significantly greater in both the topsoil and subsoil under woodland than under grassland or arable. The mineral associated OC (MinOC) fraction was proportionally greater in the subsoil compared to topsoil under all land uses: arable > grassland > woodland. Clay, Fe and Mn availability play a significant role (R<sup>2</sup>=0.87) in organic carbon storage in the top 1 m of the soil profile.</p><p>It is evidently clear from the findings that land use change has a significant effect on the dynamics of the SOC pool at depth, related to litter inputs to the system.</p>

scholarly journals Dynamics in tropical lowland soil nutrients as influenced by leafy biomass of some agroforestry trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1049-1055
Author(s):  
Noah Alabi Oyebamiji ◽  
Abiodun Olusegun Oladoye ◽  
Rafiat Adejoke Ola
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
Leafy Biomass

One of the major challenges of the developing countries is the production of sufficient food for the rapidly increasing population, and over cultivation of land resulting to soil infertility. Hence, transfer of nutrients through tree biomass contribute to micro variability in soil fertility and plant growth. A field research was conducted in the forest nursery of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria to investigate the response of tropical lowland soil to the application of leafy biomass of some agroforestry tree species; Anogeissus leiocarpus, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Gliricidia sepium, Leuceana leucocephala and Treculia africana at the rate of 5 tons per hectare (5t ha-1 or 5000 kg ha-1). The soil samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after application (WAP). Split plot experimental design was used with the time of soil sampling as main plots, mulch type as sub-plots. Data were statistically analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at p =0.05 on pH, organic carbon, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na. L. leucocephala had highest nutrient release values on; total nitrogen (0.019±0.002), calcium (41.07±3.75), sodium (139.0±36.927). Control plots was high in organic carbon (3.12±0.067), as well as pH (6.45±0.029). However, E. cyclocarpus also had highest nutrient contents in potassium (90.0±4.79) and magnesium (152.50±24.575). It is concluded that L. leucocephala had fast decomposition rate and its rapid nutrient release is a good alternative to improving soil nutrients in lowland tropical soil and therefore recommended as a better choice soil improvement agroforestry tree leafy biomass among other species as investigated from the study.

scholarly journals Application of biochar and fate of soil nutrients

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
KT Khan ◽  
MTA Chowdhury ◽  
SM Imamul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Incubation Study

An in vitro incubation study was conducted with soil having seven applications of different treatments of biomass and biochar including a control. The biochar and biomass were applied at a rate of 5 t/h a and incubated at field moisture condition for 30, 60 and 90 days individually in different pots. Total organic carbon (C), total nitrogen, phytoavailable nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and potassium (K) were determined at the end of each incubation period. Total soil organic carbon (SOC), showed a substantial declining trend in all the soils - more prominent in the biochar treated soils than its corresponding biomass treated soils. The pH, total N, phytoavailable N, P, K were substantially higher in the biochar treated soils irrespective of the incubation days compared to the biomass treated soils. Conversely, the available S contents of the biochar treated soils were lower than that of biomass treated soils. The effect of biochar on these nutrients vis-à-vis soil health is discussed.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 27(1): 11-25, June-2014

scholarly journals Ardisia Crenata Sims Var. Bicolor Physiological Attributes And Soil Physico-Chemical Properties Along An Altitudinal Gradient On The Gaoligong Mountain, Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingmei Ai ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Huan Xie ◽  
Caibao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Total N

Abstract Aims This research investigated the acclimation of Ardisia crenata Sims var. bicolor at different elevations, and evaluated both soil and plant responses to altitude. Methods We collected rhizosphere soil and upper canopy leaves from this evergreen shrub during the plant blooming phase from six different altitudinal ranges on the Gaoligong Mountain. We measured soil nutrients and enzyme activities. Spectrophotometry was used to investigate twelve indicators of leaves, including the antioxidant enzyme activities.Results Soil physicochemical analysis showed that soil pH was negatively correlated with altitude and decreased with soil depth, whereas there were positive correlations between altitude and soil water content, organic matter, and soil nutrients, including organic carbon, total N, and total P. Total K at high elevations showed an increase with soil depth but not significant. Soil urease, saccharase, amylase, catalase, and peroxidase activities were significantly positively correlated with altitude and organic matter, and these enzymes were sensitive to environmental changes. In contrast, specific enzyme activity provided more ecological information and responded more clearly to altitudinal changes, thus playing a crucial role in the study of interactions between soil nutrients and enzymes. Ardisia crenata var. bicolor showed significant differences in physiological compounds (except for anthocyanin); the concentrations of all compounds increased with altitude. Conclusions Our results indicate that plant-soil interactions with elevation changes significantly affect plant distribution and restrict plant growth and reproduction, which contribute to an understanding of the habitat and physiological characteristics and provide a theoretical basis for the effective cultivation and management of this species.

Earth’s Middle Ages: What Came after the GOE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Eugene Canfield
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
Great Oxidation Event ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Substantial Rise

This chapter considers the aftermath of the great oxidation event (GOE). It suggests that there was a substantial rise in oxygen defining the GOE, which may, in turn have led to the Lomagundi isotope excursion, which was associated with high rates of organic matter burial and perhaps even higher concentrations of oxygen. This excursion was soon followed by a crash in oxygen to very low levels and a return to banded iron formation deposition. When the massive amounts of organic carbon buried during the excursion were brought into the weathering environment, they would have represented a huge oxygen sink, drawing down levels of atmospheric oxygen. There appeared to be a veritable seesaw in oxygen concentrations, apparently triggered initially by the GOE. The GOE did not produce enough oxygen to oxygenate the oceans. Dissolved iron was removed from the oceans not by reaction with oxygen but rather by reaction with sulfide. Thus, the deep oceans remained anoxic and became rich in sulfide, instead of becoming well oxygenated.

Soil compaction and organic matter affect conifer seedling nonmycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance and diversity.

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Amaranthus ◽  
Debbie Page-Dumroese ◽  
Al Harvey ◽  
Efren Cazares ◽  
Larry F. Bednar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Conifer Seedling

Suppression of Weed Occurrence in a Five-year Corn-earthworm Coculture System

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Jiequn Fan ◽  
Zhenguan Qian ◽  
Guohui Yuan ◽  
Dandan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Successive Experiment

Abstract The use of a corn-earthworm coculture (CE) system is an eco-agricultural technology that has been gradually extended due to its high economic output and diverse ecological benefits for urban agriculture in China. However, the effect of CE on weed occurrence has received little attention. A five-year successive experiment (2015 to 2019) was conducted to compare weed occurrence in CE and a corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture (CM). The results show that CE significantly decreased weed diversity, the dominance index, total weed density and biomass, but increased the weed evenness index. The five-year mean number of weed species per plot was 8.4 in CE and 10.7 in CM. Compared to those in CM, the five-year mean density and biomass of total weeds in CE decreased by 59.2% and 66.6%, respectively. The effect of CE on weed occurrence was species specific. The mean density of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in CE decreased by 94.5, 78.1, 75.0, and 45.8%, whereas the mean biomass decreased by 96.2, 80.8, 76.9, and 41.4%, respectively. Our study suggests that the use of CE could suppress weed occurrence and reduce herbicide inputs in agriculture.

scholarly journals Impact of aquaculture on distribution of dissolved organic matter in coastal Jeju Island, Korea, based on absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghyun Kim ◽  
Yeseul Kim ◽  
Sung Eun Park ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Bong-Guk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Jeju Island

AbstractIn Jeju Island, multiple land-based aquafarms were fully operational along most coastal region. However, the effect of effluent on distribution and behaviours of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the coastal water are still unknown. To decipher characteristics of organic pollution, we compared physicochemical parameters with spectral optical properties near the coastal aquafarms in Jeju Island. Absorption spectra were measured to calculate the absorption coefficient, spectral slope coefficient, and specific UV absorbance. Fluorescent DOM was analysed using fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were measured using high-temperature catalytic oxidation. The DOC concentration near the discharge outlet was twice higher than that in natural groundwater, and the TDN concentration exponentially increased close to the outlet. These distribution patterns indicate that aquafarms are a significant source of DOM. Herein, principal component analysis was applied to categorise the DOM origins. There were two distinct groups, namely, aquaculture activity for TDN with humic-like and high molecular weights DOM (PC1: 48.1%) and natural biological activity in the coastal water for DOC enrichment and protein-like DOM (PC2: 18.8%). We conclude that the aquafarms significantly discharge organic nitrogen pollutants and provoke in situ production of organic carbon. Furthermore, these findings indicate the potential of optical techniques for the efficient monitoring of anthropogenic organic pollutants from aquafarms worldwide.

scholarly journals Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Glaspie ◽  
Eric A. L. Jones ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potato Farmland Soil Nutrient Based on MDS-SQI Model in the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3957
Author(s):  
Yingying Xing ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Niu ◽  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Xiukang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Farmland Soil

Soil nutrients are essential nutrients provided by soil for plant growth. Most researchers focus on the coupling effect of nutrients with potato yield and quality. There are few studies on the evaluation of soil nutrients in potato fields. The purpose of this study is to investigate the soil nutrients of potato farmland and the soil vertical nutrient distributions, and then to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the fertilizer management practices for potatoes in Loess Plateau. Eight physical and chemical soil indexes were selected in the study area, and 810 farmland soil samples from the potato agriculture product areas were analyzed in Northern Shaanxi. The paper established the minimum data set (MDS) for the quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland by principal component analysis (PCA), respectively, and furthermore, analyzed the soil nutrient characteristics of the cultivated layer adopted soil quality index (SQI). The results showed that the MDS on soil quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland soil included such indicators as the soil organic matter content, soil available potassium content, and soil available phosphorus content. The comprehensive index value of the soil quality was between 0.064 and 0.302. The SPSS average clustering process used to classify SQI was divided into three grades: class I (36.2%) was defined as suitable soil fertility (SQI < 0.122), class II (55.6%) was defined as moderate soil fertility (0.122 < SQI < 0.18), and class III (8.2%) was defined as poor soil fertility (SQI > 0.186). The comprehensive quality of the potato farmland soils was generally low. The proportion of soil nutrients in the SQI composition ranged from large to small as the soil available potassium content = soil available phosphorus content > soil organic matter content, which became the limiting factor of the soil organic matter content in this area. This study revolves around the 0 to 60 cm soil layer; the soil fertility decreased gradually with the soil depth, and had significant differences between the respective soil layers. In order to improve the soil nutrient accumulation and potato yield in potato farmland in northern Shaanxi, it is suggested to increase the fertilization depth (20 to 40 cm) and further study the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer.

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