scholarly journals Impact of mirror movements on the bimanual hand function and functional independence with comparison of the bimanual hand function in children suffering from spastic cerebral palsy, with and without mirror movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Javeria Shahid ◽  
Misbah Marryam ◽  
Sheema Khan ◽  
Muhammad Umar
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mirror Movements ◽  
Bimanual Task ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective: To compare the bimanual hand function in children with and without mirror movements and to find the correlation between the bimanual hand function, functional independence and severity of mirror movements.Design: Comparative cross sectional study.Place and duration of the study: The study was conducted in special education schools of Lahore and Islamabad, Pakistan, from August 2017 to January 2018.Patients and Methods: Children suffering from spastic cerebral palsy including both males and females in age groups ranging from 5 to 18 years who were able to make a gross grip were included in the study. Children having low tone, not able to make a gross grip and with any deformity that makes the assessment difficult were excluded. The non probability sampling technique was used. The Woods and Teuber criteria were used to check the severity of the mirror movements and bimanual activities to compare the hand functions. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.Results: The mean age of the participants was 11.17±3.69 years. Children who presented with mirror movements had a mean age of 12±3.70 years and those without mirror movements had mean age of 10.72±3.63 years. According to the results of the bimanual task scale, there was no difference in the bimanual hand function of children with mirror movements and without mirror movements (P value >0.05)Conclusion: According to the results of the bimanual task scale there is no significant difference in the bimanual hand function of children suffering from spastic cerebral palsy, either with with or without mirror movements. However, functional independence was found more in the children suffering from cerebral palsy who presented without mirror movements.

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese people towards COVID-19: an online survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Abdelrahim Osman Mohamed ◽  
Eilaf Ali Mohamed Elhassan ◽  
Abdelrahim Osman Mohamed ◽  
Awab Aldow Mohammed ◽  
Hassan Alshaikh edris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background The Novel Corona virus SARS-CoV-2 emerged to affect the human population in 2019 causing COVID-19 pandemic. The only preventive measures available are social distancing, hand washing and face masks. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese people towards COVID-19. Methods An online cross-sectional study targeting adult Sudanese people was conducted in April 2020. The study used a self-administered questionnaire containing 18 knowledge questions, 5 questions for attitude and six questions for practices. Social media such as Facebook and WhatsApp were utilized to disseminate the questionnaire. The total number of eligible questionnaires available for analysis by the end of the period was 987. Results The mean (±SD) age of respondents was 30.13 (±9.84) years with males representing 55.4%. The majority were university and higher education levels (95.2%), residing in Khartoum (71.7%). The mean (±SD) knowledge score of the participants was 15.33 (± 2.24) and was found to be associated with education level and age groups (p-value = 0.022, P value =0.010) respectively. The mean (±SD) attitude score was 04.15 (± 0.97) and was significantly associated with older groups and better-educated participants (p-value =0.001, p-value = 0.048) respectively. The practices related to COVID-19 preventive measures mean (±SD) was 02.58 (± 1.73) with a significant difference between age groups and area of residence. Conclusions This study showed that the participants had good knowledge and satisfactory attitude that was not similarly expressed into practice. Efforts are needed in health education and law enforcement to improve the practices among all groups with special emphasis on younger and less educated males.

scholarly journals Hospital Supervisory Staff’s Perceptions Regarding the Effectiveness of Financial Management in University Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ashraf A’aqoulah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supervisory Staff

Financial management helps hospital managers make rational financial and administrative decisions and choose effective methods for spending money. Therefore, this study aims to examine hospital supervisory staff&rsquo;s perceptions regarding the effectiveness of financial management in hospitals, with a focus on university hospitals in Jordan. This study used a quantitative method and employed a cross-sectional design to achieve the study aims. The study was conducted in teaching hospitals located in different areas of Jordan, and the study participants consisted of staff members who have supervisory duties. A questionnaire was developed in order to examine the effectiveness of financial management in hospitals, as perceived by hospital managers. The sample size was 172 participants. The results showed that university hospitals in Jordan have effective financial management based on the supervisory staff&#39;s perceptions. Both budget allocation and human resources domains were effective. However, the results for the process and procedures domain were moderate. The results also showed that there was no significant difference in the mean scores according to gender (P-value= 0.66), age groups (P-value= 0.48), education level (P-value= 0.38), experience (P-value= 0.28), and position (P-value= 0.13). Hospital managers should be aware of issues related to processes and procedures and budget allocations that are likely to affect financial management. Hospital managers need to draw more attention to the importance of implementation of financial management in order to enable their hospitals to operate in a financially effective and efficient manner.

scholarly journals CEREBRAL PALSY;

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 1166-1170
Author(s):  
Naeem Mohammad Mansha ◽  
Sumair Anwar ◽  
Itaat Ullah Khan Afridi ◽  
Shazia Maqbool
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain

Background: Cerebral Palsy is a disorder of movement and postural balance due to insult to the brain. The injury to the developing brain may be prenatal, natal or postnatal. The diagnosis is clinical mainly. The spastic Cerebral Palsy is classified into monoplegic, hemiplegic, diplegic, and quadriplegic types. There is a difference in the frequency of these types of Cerebral Palsy in different studies. The patterns of various forms of Cerebral Palsy emerge gradually with a delay in developmental milestones. A spectrum of associated developmental disabilities has been found to be common in these children. Management is through a multi-disciplinary approach. Objectives: To find out the frequency of different types of Cerebral Palsy and degree of associated developmental delay. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out for a period of six months (October 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007) at The Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health Lahore. 100 Cases diagnosed as Cerebral Palsy on clinical basis were assessed for the type of cerebral palsy and the degree of associated developmental delay. Results: Out of the total 100 patients 54% had quadriplegia, 32% had diplegia, 10% had himiplegia and 4% had monoplegia. The total fifty-four cases of quadriplegic cerebral palsy 54 had developmental delay and amongst them 4 (7%) had mild delay, 16 (30%) had moderate delay while 34 (63%) had severe delay. Amongst the total forty-six other three types of cerebral palsy 12 (26%) had mild delay, 6 (13%) had moderate delay and 28 (61%) had severe delay. The P-value was >0.05. Conclusions: Quadriplegic is the commonest type of CP, associated with the factors (peri-natal more than socio-demographic) and had significant effect on the developmental parameters.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese people towards COVID-19: An online survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Mohamed ◽  
Eilaf Elhassan ◽  
Abdelrahim O. Mohamed ◽  
Awab Aldow Mohammed ◽  
Hassan Alshaikh edris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background: The Novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) had emerged to affect the human population in 2019 causing COVID-19 pandemic. The only preventive measures available are social distancing, hand washing and face masks. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese people towards COVID-19.Methods: An online cross-sectional study targeting adult Sudanese people was conducted in April 2020. The study used a self-administered questionnaire containing 18 knowledge questions, 5 questions for attitude and six questions for practices. Social media such as Facebook and WhatsApp were utilized to disseminate the questionnaire. The total number of eligible questionnaires available for analysis by the end of the period was 987.Results: The mean (±SD) age of respondents was 30.13 (±9.84) years with males representing 55.4%. The majority were university and higher education levels (95.2%), residing in Khartoum (71.7%). The mean (±SD) knowledge score of the participants was 15.33 (± 2.24) and was found to be associated with education level and age groups (p-value = 0.022, P value =0.010) respectively. The mean (±SD) attitude score was 04.15 (± 0.97) and was significantly associated with older groups and better-educated participants (p-value =0.001, p-value= 0.048) respectively. The practices related to COVID-19 preventive measures mean (±SD) was 02.58 (± 1.73) with a significant difference between age groups and area of residence. Conclusions: This study showed that the participants had good knowledge and satisfactory attitude that was not similarly expressed into practice. Efforts are needed in health education and law enforcement to improve the practices among all groups with special emphasis on younger and less educated males.

scholarly journals Assessment of obesity and central obesity among patients with knee osteoarthritis in Al-Sadder Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Berq J. Hadi Al-Yasseri ◽  
Ayad Ali Radi ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Ridha Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Obese individuals are at increased risk for many chronic and life-threating conditions. The most significant burden on the musculoskeletal system resulted from osteoarthritis, mainly knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and central obesity among a group of patients with knee osteoarthritis, analyze the effect of demographic variables, and examine the relationship between these two types of obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Sadder hospital in Baghdad from June through September 2017. A convenience sample of 200 patients with knee osteoarthritis was collected. Those with body mass index (BMI) equal to or more than (30 kg/m2) considered obese. The cutoff point for central obesity was the waist-hip ratio (WHR) above (0.9) for men and above (0.85) for women. The risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) calculated to determine the strength of the relationship. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Results: The number of obese patients, according to BMI, was 163 (81.5%). For central obesity, the men and women with unhealthy WHR were 53 (96.4%) and 131 (10.3%), respectively. No significant difference in the rate of obesity among age groups (p= 0.986). Central obesity is significantly lower in those less than 45 years (p=0.023). In men, the risk of obese to have central obesity is (1.06) with no significant association (95% CI = 0.89 - 1.27, P = 0.481). In women, risk ratio = 1.56 and association is significant (95% CI = 1.03 - 1.36, P = 0.037). Conclusion: The increasing age was associated with a rise in the rate of central obesity, but not with obesity. The overlap between the two types of obesity was evident and significant only in women.

scholarly journals DERMAL PAPILLAE;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Baqar
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Dermal Papillae

Introduction: To study and compare the changes in the height of dermal papillae in the skin of different age groups in a segment of Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period: Five months, from July 2010 to November 2010. Setting: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Materials & Method: Sixty volunteers of both sexes, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria, participated in this cross sectional study. They all gave written informed consent. They were divided into three equal groups according to their ages, Group A ranged in age from 18 – 29 years, Group B from 30 – 49 years, and Group C > 50 years. Punch biopsies were taken from the sun protected upper arm skin, from all volunteers, after giving local anaesthesia. Samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. They were observed under light microscope. Height of dermal papillae was measured at three random sites in each sample and mean was taken.The mean of all three groups was compared with each other and data was analyzed. Results: The mean of each sample was taken and then final mean of each group was calculated. They were then compared with each other. The mean height of dermal papillae of group A was 98.667µm, that of group B was 83.333µm and the mean height of dermal papillae in group C was 47.33µm. There was significant difference between the three groups and ‘p’-value was less than 0.5. Conclusion: At the end of this study, it was concluded that, the height of dermal papillae reduces significantly with age.

scholarly journals Colour Preferences of Elastic Ligatures among Orthodontic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljazi H Aljabaa ◽  
Khalid AlMoammar ◽  
Ghada Al-Kharboush ◽  
Rana M Al-Dayel ◽  
Nouf S Alsaloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Colour Preferences ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Elastic modules are an integral part of fixed appliances. The availability of different colours is important to patients and their compliance during treatment. Knowledge about the most popular colours is important to orthodontists when ordering their materials. Aim: This study aimed to determine the elastic ligature colour preferences of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and the influences of age and gender on these preferences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on a total of 319 patients (88 males and 231 females) aged 18-36 years of age participated in this study. The patients’ elastic ligature colour preferences were recoded using a colour guide and a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about the patients’ preferences regarding coloured or transparent ligatures, light or dark shades, and changing the ligatures for specific occasions. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The descriptive statistics were calculated, and a Pearson’s chi-squared analysis was performed to determine the influence of age and gender effects on colour preferences (p-value <0.05). Results: Most of the participants were excited about changing their elastic ligatures colours (44.5%), and they liked to change the colours at each visit (45.5%). Most participants did not like having multicoloured elastic ligatures in their mouths (77.4%) or changing the elastic colours before certain occasions (49.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in the elastic ligature colour preferences between the genders (p-value=0.0552), but there were statistically significant differences among the age groups (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Most of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances preferred less noticeable elastic ligature colours. A significant difference was found between age groups: younger patients preferred coloured elastics, while older patients preferred less noticeable and transparent elastics. No difference was found between the colour preferences among both the gender.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, A COMPARISON AMONG STUDENTS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN METROPOLITAN CITY OF PAKISTAN

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Toqeer Ahmed Iqbal ◽  
Zafar Hayat Maiken ◽  
Sana Ghaffar Bajwa ◽  
Sidra Naseem Malik ◽  
Wara Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

Background: Balanced diet and optimal physical activity are necessary to maintain health and prevent diseases. Physical and mental growth of children is affected adversely by nutritional imbalance and lack of physical activity. The main factors which are responsible for nutritional imbalance are inadequate food intake and poor health status due to poverty, lack of access to food and family size. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease. Children and adolescents are at higher risk to nutritional imbalance. Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, a structured questionnaire was filled by 332 students of different age groups (11_16 years) in different public and private schools of Islamabad and Rawalpindi for 3 months. Sampling technique was simple random sampling. Results: The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software. Out of 332 respondents111 (33.3%) belonged to low socioeconomic class, 111 (33.3%) of middle class and 110 (33.2%) of high class. The age of respondents was found similar in the three SES categories (p-value = 0.10) While calculating the BMI in three socio-economic classes (SES), we found that incidence of underweight (BMI <18.5) was higher in respondents from low SES while that of preobesity (BMI 25_29) was higher in high SES. No significant difference was found in normal and obese respondents among different SES. The incidence of adequate physical activity was slightly higher in respondents of low SES. Conclusion: the incidence of nutritional imbalance and physical activity is significantly different in population of different socioeconomic status

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