scholarly journals Colour Preferences of Elastic Ligatures among Orthodontic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljazi H Aljabaa ◽  
Khalid AlMoammar ◽  
Ghada Al-Kharboush ◽  
Rana M Al-Dayel ◽  
Nouf S Alsaloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Colour Preferences ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Elastic modules are an integral part of fixed appliances. The availability of different colours is important to patients and their compliance during treatment. Knowledge about the most popular colours is important to orthodontists when ordering their materials. Aim: This study aimed to determine the elastic ligature colour preferences of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and the influences of age and gender on these preferences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on a total of 319 patients (88 males and 231 females) aged 18-36 years of age participated in this study. The patients’ elastic ligature colour preferences were recoded using a colour guide and a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about the patients’ preferences regarding coloured or transparent ligatures, light or dark shades, and changing the ligatures for specific occasions. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The descriptive statistics were calculated, and a Pearson’s chi-squared analysis was performed to determine the influence of age and gender effects on colour preferences (p-value <0.05). Results: Most of the participants were excited about changing their elastic ligatures colours (44.5%), and they liked to change the colours at each visit (45.5%). Most participants did not like having multicoloured elastic ligatures in their mouths (77.4%) or changing the elastic colours before certain occasions (49.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in the elastic ligature colour preferences between the genders (p-value=0.0552), but there were statistically significant differences among the age groups (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Most of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances preferred less noticeable elastic ligature colours. A significant difference was found between age groups: younger patients preferred coloured elastics, while older patients preferred less noticeable and transparent elastics. No difference was found between the colour preferences among both the gender.

scholarly journals Fogazati rendellenességek kezelési szükségletének tárgyilagos felmérése a Dental Aesthetic Index segítségével

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (9) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Silvia Izabella Pop ◽  
I. Krisztina Mártha ◽  
Réka Csibi ◽  
Mariana Păcurar ◽  
Ciotloș Minodora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract: Introduction and aim: To evaluate the frequency and severity of the malocclusions and treatment need in a group of adult patients in Târgu-Mureș, dividing them up according to age and gender. Method: Sixty-four, randomly selected patients were divided up according to age and gender. Ten occlusal traits related to dentofacial anomalies according to missing teeth, spacing, crowding and occlusion were used to evaluate the malocclusions on each of their study cast. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) regression equation was used to obtain the DAI score that defines severity. Results: The average DAI score was 38 with a range of 18–79, showing that the majority of patients needed mandatory orthodontic treatment. No statistically significant difference was found between gender, age groups and need for treatment. Conclusion: More than two-fifths of the examined patients have a mandatory need for orthodontic treatment if the DAI scores are the main screening tool. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(9): 352–356.

scholarly journals Prevalence of refractive errors by age and gender in patients reporting to ophthalmology department.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1989-1994
Author(s):  
Adeel Ahmed Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Chaudhary ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Ullah ◽  
Majid Hussain ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: To determine the age and gender specific prevalence of different refractive errors in the patients presenting to the Ophthalmology Departments of the tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Analytical Cross-sectional study. Setting: Departments of Outpatient Ophthalmology at THQ Hospital Kabirwala, The Children’s Hospital & The Institute of Child Health Multan and Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: January 2020 to May 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 400 patients ≥ 4 years age of either gender were included. Patients with history of ocular surgery, trauma and advanced fundus disease were excluded. Age and gender of the patients was noted. Clinical examination and autorefraction were carried out. Quantitative data is presented as mean ± SD and qualitative data as frequency and percentages. Chi-square test is used to assess the association of refractive errors with age groups and gender. Results: Median age of the participants was 20 years (range 04 – 92 years). Males constituted 58% (n = 232) of the study participants. Most common refractive error were astigmatism (n=298, 74.5%) and myopia in 187 (46.75%) patients. Prevalence of myopia was significantly higher (p-value < 0.001) in 11-20 (39.6%) and 21-40 (34.2%) years age group and in males (64.7%, p-value 0.01). Hypermetropia was significantly higher (p-value <0.001) in 4-10 (36.8%) and ≥ 41 (38.7%) years age group with no gender predilection. Conclusion: This study shows prevalence of myopia being highest in males age 11-40 years and prevalence of hypermetropia being highest in children between 4-10 year and elderly ≥ 41 year with no gender predilection.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study to Explore Iron Stores in a Population of Nowshera Based on Age and Gender Perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Mohammad Basharat Khan ◽  
Shahtaj Khan ◽  
Saiqa Zahoor ◽  
Anwar Khan Wazir
Keyword(s):  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES:  To analyze the impact of age and gender on iron stores in a population of the Nowshera region. METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from 1st January 2019 to 31st March 2020. All patients were selected by convenience sampling in the Pathology department irrespective of age and gender.   Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze data by the latest SPSS version 25.  RESULTS: Out of the total study population males were 70 (27.1%) and females 188 (77.9%) with median age 30 years.  The median ferritin level was 12.8 ng/ml. Out of total, 142 (55%) of cases were with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. A significant (p=0.03) gender based median ferritin level difference was observed with 1.5 times more probability of low iron stores in females as compared to males (OR=1.5). No statistically significant difference in body iron stores exists in different age groups. CONCLUSION:  A significant difference was noted in the iron stores in gender groups and the probability of depleted/low iron stores was higher in female gender as compared to male gender in all age groups in our population.    

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Evaluation of the Fibromyalgia and Related Risk Factors in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Seyedmardani ◽  
Saeed Abkhiz ◽  
Azadeh Megrazi ◽  
Aarefeh Jafarzade ◽  
Golshan Kamali Zonouz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptom Severity Score ◽  
And Gender

Background : Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined as widespread and persistent pain in the musculoskeletal system. There are limited reports regarding the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome in patients with advanced kidney failure undergoing regular hemodialysis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome and its risk factors in a large proportion of patients under the hemodialysis condition. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 293 patients who were admitted to the hemodialysis ward were evaluated for fibromyalgia syndrome in an educational hospital. The questionnaire was designed according to symptom severity score (SS score) and widespread pain index (WPI) criteria. The correlation between FMS and various variables, including demographic, clinical, and biochemistry biomarkers, was also precisely calculated by logistic regression. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.17 statistics software. Results: The results showed that, of 293 hemodialysis patients, 130 patients (44.4%) had fibromyalgia, the mean age of patients with and without fibromyalgia was 61.09 ± 15.36 and 53.49 ± 15.38 years old, respectively (P = 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in terms of gender among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (P = 0.001). To note, there was no significant relationship between the kidney failure etiopathogenesis, duration of dialysis, body mass index (BMI), Kt/v index, history of peritoneal dialysis, and laboratory parameters with fibromyalgia in hemodialysis patients (P > 0.05). However, our findings revealed that both age and gender could be considered as the predictor variables associated with fibromyalgia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Conclusion: Taken together, in this study, we found that age and gender would be the critical factors in terms of the fibromyalgia syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Perbedaan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan yang tinggal di tepi pantai

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne C. Jacobus ◽  
Max F.J Mantik ◽  
Adrian . Umboh
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Main Component

Abstract: Haemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells that serves as a transporter of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. The normal range of haemoglobin values can be used to determine the degree of anemia according to age and gender. Geographical condition such as altitude influences the haemoglobin value. This study aimed to obtain the difference of haemoglobin levels between teenagers with good nutrition status who live at the highland and those at the seaside. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design. Samples were students with good nutrition status of SMPN 3 Tomohon (living at the highland) and those of SMP Kristen Nazaret Tuminting (living at the seaside). There were 60 students who met the inclusion criteria as follows: adolescent, good nutrition status, healthy, aged 13-15 years, lived at the highland or at the seaside ≥ 6 month, and willing to be performed blood examinations, and had been approved by their parents. The Mann-Whitney test for the difference between haemoglobin levels of the two groups showed a p value < 0,001. Conclusion: There was a very significant difference between haemoglobin levels of good nutrition teenagers who lived at the highland and at the seaside. Keywords: haemoglobin levels, good nutrition, teenagers, highland, seaside  Abstrak: Hemoglobin merupakan komponen utama sel darah merah dan berfungsi sebagai transporter oksigen dan karbon dioksida dalam darah. Batas normal nilai hemoglobin dapat digunakan untuk menetapkan derajat anemia, dengan distribusi usia dan jenis kelamin spesifik didasarkan pada sampel referensi sehat. Kondisi geografis, seperti ketinggian tempat dari permukaan laut menjadi faktor pertimbangan dalam distribusi nilai normal hemoglobin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perbedaan kadar hemoglobin antara remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan yang tinggal di tepi pantai. Jenis penelitian ini analitik-observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian yaitu remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan yaitu siswa SMPN 3 Tomohon dan yang di tepi pantai yaitu siswa SMP Kristen Nazaret Tuminting. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 60 remaja yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu gizi baik, sehat, berumur 13-15 tahun, berdomisili di pegunungan atau tepi pantai ≥6 bulan, bersedia dilakukan pemeriksaan darah, dan telah disetujui oleh orang tua. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney mengenai perbedaan kadar hemoglobin antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan nila p <0,001. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna kadar hemoglobin remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan di tepi pantai.Kata kunci: kadar hemoglobin, remaja gizi baik, pegunungan, tepi pantai

scholarly journals Prevalence of Microdontia among Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of microdontia among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, (JSMU) from January-2020 to May-2020. Pre-treatment casts were taken of 140 subjects. The mesiodistal dimension of each tooth was recorded through the vernier caliper. Frequency and percentage were calculated for the presence of microdontia. The test applied was Pearson’s Chi-square test to assess the relationship between microdontia and variables like age and gender. P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 140 subjects were selected i.e. 105 (75%) females and 35 (25%) males aged range 13 -30 years with mean age 18.29 ± 3.88. Out of 42, single tooth microdontia was found in 3 (7.1%), more than one tooth microdontia, and generalized microdontia was present in 36 (85.7%) and 3 (7.1%) respectively. Microdontia was found to be more common in the maxilla (n=42, 100%) than the mandible (n=14, 33.3%). It was found more common in females (n=37, 35.2%) as compared to males (n=5, 14.3%). Statistically significant relationship was found among gender and prevalence of microdontia (p=0.019) with a statistically insignificant relationship between age and presence of microdontia (p=0.228). Conclusions: Microdontia was found to be a frequent dental anomaly, was more common in maxilla and females with a significant association with gender.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli as uropathogen: antibiotic susceptibility profiling

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Anuja Jha ◽  
Manju Agrawal ◽  
Arvind Neral ◽  
Rajesh Hishikar ◽  
Basant Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Uncomplicated Cystitis

Background: Empirically chosen antibiotics based on the local resistance pattern of uropathogens remain the principle treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI).Methods: Antibiogram of most frequent uropathogen was determined. Based on the antibiogram result, authors compared effectiveness of drugs recommended for UTI by National centre for disease control (NCDC), India, and assessed age and gender based variability in the effectiveness of these drugs.Results: 1278 urine samples were accounted, of which 405 samples showed significant growth. E. coli was the most common uropathogen (n=146, 36%) followed by enterococcus species (31%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Using McNemar’s test authors found that nitrofurantoin (90% sensitivity) was statistically the most effective drug among drugs recommended by NCDC for uncomplicated cystitis. Furthermore, authors used Fisher’s exact test on adults and paediatrics and found that significant difference in effectiveness was observed for nitrofurantoin (p-value <0.001) and cotrimoxazole (p-value 0.034). Using logistic regression, authors found that with age, effectiveness of ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole deteriorate significantly (p-value 0.021 and 0.002 respectively). Additionally, authors observed that cotrimoxazole has significantly better efficacy in males compared to females (p-value 0.022).Conclusions: In accordance with present study, nitrofurantoin can be used as first line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis. Age and gender should be considered while prescribing empirical treatment for UTI. Periodic surveillance should be carried out to identify the on-going pattern of antibiogram to update the guideline for empirical therapy.

scholarly journals Urothelial carcinoma and its association with age and gender.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1719-1723
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Parveen Samo ◽  
Asim Mehmood ◽  
Sana Kashif
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Health Science ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Histological Grading ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: To determine the urothelial carcinoma and its association with age and gender. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Pathology department of Liaquat university of Medical and Health Science. Period: One year from January 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Four micrometer thick paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed sections were prepared from transurethral resection6of bladder6tumor (TURBT) samples of urothelial carcinoma patients and were examined. Histological grading was categorized as low and high grades. All the data was collected by self-made proforma. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Total 83 cases were enrolled in current study; their mean age was 49.19+12.33 years. Males were found in the majority 51(61.4%) and females were 32(38.6%). Most common age group was 46-60 years 36(43.4%). According to the histological grading high grade was most common as 65.10%, and low grade urothelial carcinoma was 34.90%. There was no significant difference according to age of histological grading. Male gender was most common, while progression of disease was higher among females in contrast to males as high grade carcinoma was significantly higher among females, p-value 0.014. Conclusion: It was concluded that male gender is the contributing factor of urothelial carcinoma, but disease progression significantly high among females. No significant association has been found according to age.

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

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