Salinity Tolerance in Pelobates Fuscus (Laurenti, 1768) Tadpoles (Amphibia: Pelobatidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina Stănescu ◽  
Ruben Iosif ◽  
Diana Székely ◽  
Paul Székely ◽  
Daniela Roşioru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Pelobates Fuscus ◽  
Size At Metamorphosis ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract We investigated the effect of salinity on larval development and survival rate to metamorphosis in the common spadefoot toad Pelobates fuscus (Laurenti, 1768). Our hypothesis was that higher salinity would decrease tadpole survival rate and body size at metamorphosis, and delay metamorphosis. The response of the tadpoles was evaluated through an experimental design with three salinity treatments of 2, 4, and 8‰ compared to a control (deionized water). Survival varied across the treatments: neither of the tadpoles in 8‰ salinity treatment survived the experiment, nor achieved metamorphosis. Salinity levels of 2 and 4‰ had no significant influence on the mean time to metamorphosis, body mass and SVL at metamorphosis. Our results suggest that P. fuscus tadpoles have a tolerance threshold for brackish water up to 4‰, above which survival is impaired.

scholarly journals Liver Transplantation for Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: The Canadian Multicentre Experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 821-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine G Nudo ◽  
Eric M Yoshida ◽  
Vincent G Bain ◽  
Denis Marleau ◽  
Phil Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Liver Lesion ◽  
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Time To Recurrence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

INTRODUCTION: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare entity. At the present time, there is no standardized effective therapy. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a treatment for this rare tumour.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of liver transplantation for HEHE at eight centres across Canada.METHODS: The charts of patients who were transplanted for HEHE at eight centres across Canada were reviewed.RESULTS: A total of 11 individuals (eight women and three men) received a LT for HEHE. All LTs were performed between 1991 and 2005. The mean (± SD) age at LT was 38.7±13 years. One patient had one large liver lesion (17 cm × 14 cm × 13 cm), one had three lesions, one had four lesions and eight had extensive (five or more) liver lesions. One patient had spleen involvement and two had involved lymph nodes at the time of transplantation. The mean duration of follow-up was 78±63 months (median 81 months). Four patients (36.4%) developed recurrence of HEHE with a mean time to recurrence of 25±25 months (median 15.6 months) following LT. The calculated survival rate following LT for HEHE was 82% at five years.CONCLUSIONS: The results of LT for HEHE are encouraging, with a recurrence rate of 36.4% and a five-year survival rate of 82%. Further studies are needed to help identify patients who would benefit most from LT for this rare tumour.

Habitat use of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) in Estonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riinu Rannap ◽  
Maris Markus ◽  
Tanel Kaart
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Pelobates Fuscus ◽  
The Common

Habitat loss and degradation are the most obvious and acute factors which influence amphibian decline. Fortunately, however, habitat deterioration is potentially reversible. Recognizing the factors critical for the species is therefore essential for successful habitat restoration and maintenance. In this study we explored the habitat requirements of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), a severely declining species in Europe. The toad is considered a typical representative of herpetofauna in open agricultural landscapes but at its northern and western range edge the species occurs also in forested areas. So far, studies on the habitat requirements of the common spadefoot toad have only focused on agricultural areas and the significance of forest habitats has remained indistinct. In order to determine the habitat characteristics vital for the species as well as the function of forests as possible sink or source habitats, we explored 34 water bodies and their surroundings comparatively in forested and open landscapes in Estonia. Our study demonstrated that land cover type did not influence the presence of the species – the limiting habitat factors were related to soil type and quality of the reproduction site only. Respectively, the species preferred large fish free sun exposed water bodies in areas with sandy soil. In our study sites such conditions were best met in old growth coniferous forest areas. Thus we suggest that these types of forests holding viable populations of the common spadefoot toad should be protected with large scale clear cuttings as well as altering of hydrology avoided.

scholarly journals Age, size and body condition do not equally reflect population response to habitat change in the common spadefoot toad Pelobates fuscus

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11678
Author(s):  
Dan Cogălniceanu ◽  
Florina Stănescu ◽  
Diana Székely ◽  
Theodor-Sebastian Topliceanu ◽  
Ruben Iosif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Pelobates Fuscus ◽  
Median Lifespan ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Expansion

Urbanization impacts biodiversity both directly through physical expansion over land, and indirectly due to land use conversion and human behaviors associated with urban areas. We assessed the response of a common spadefoot toad population (Pelobates fuscus) to habitat loss and fragmentation resulting from urban development by studying changes in size, body condition and age parameters. We compared samples collected in the early 2000s (sample A) and later on during 2012–2014 (sample B). The terrestrial habitats in the study area were severely reduced and fragmented due to the expansion of the human settlement. We found no significant differences in the age parameters between the two sampling periods; the median lifespan shortened from 3.5 (sample A) to 3.0 years (sample B), while the other age parameters were similar in both samples. In contrast, snout-vent length, body mass and body condition experienced a significant decrease over time. Our results suggest that changes in body size and body condition, rather than age parameters, better reflect the response of the common spadefoot toad population to declining habitat quality. Therefore, body measurements can provide reliable estimates of the impact of habitat degradation in amphibian populations.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF VIBRIOSIS DISEASE (Vibrio harveyi) IN VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) USING Avicennia alba LEAVES EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Dian Rusadi ◽  
Wardiyanto Wardiyanto ◽  
Rara Diantari
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Vibrio Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Avicennia Alba ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Better Than

Avicennia alba is a mangrove plant that often ued by coastal society as a traditional medecine, it is potential to be dveloped as the sources of pharmaceutical. The aim of the research is to examine the effect of Avicennia alba leaves extract various concentrations to Vibrio harveyi infection on vaname shrimp. The addition of the extract is thought to be used as an antibacterial so that it can give effect to the attack of V. harveyi in vaname shrimp. Vaname shrimps (total of 120 shrimps) with a weight of 10±2g/ind were injected intramuscularly with V. harveyi bacteria in 107 CFU/ml density. After the occurrences of clinical symptoms, the shrimps were immersed into A. alba leaves extract with concentration 0 ppm, 150 ppm, 250 ppm, and 350 ppm for 21 days. The results showed that the addition leaves extract can increase shrimp’s survival rate as much as 46.67% and increase the shrimp’s ability to prevent (RPS) V. harveyi infection untill of 70±15%. The mean time of death (MTD) was 106±18.33 hours, it caused there ar active compounds contained such as saponin, tannin, and steroid be suspected antibacterial so that they can protect shrimp from the effect of Vibrio infection damage. Giving a concentration of 250 ppm Avicennia alba leaves extract can treat vaname shrimp which was attacked by V. harveyi better than other treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of gibberellic acid, stratification and salinity on seed germination of Echinacea purpurea cv. Magnus

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamila Yadolahi Zadeh ◽  
Ali Akbar Ramin ◽  
Bahram Baninasab
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Time

SummaryThis study was conducted in order to determine the appropriate treatment for breaking dormancy and the effect of salinity on seed germination of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpureacv. Magnus), in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, five levels of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg×L−1) with four levels of cold moist stratification period of seeds at 5°C (0, 5, 10 and 15 days) were launched. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The statistical analysis showed that concentration of 250 mg×L−1GA3with 10 days of cold moist chilling significantly increased the percentage of germination of normal seedlings and reduced the mean time of germination. In the second experiment, the seeds were chilled for 10 days at 5°C and half of them treated with 250 mg×L−1GA3for 24 hours. The seeds treated with GA3, and those non-treated were subjected to NaCl for salinity stress. The experiment was conducted using five salinity levels (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl) in four replications in a completely randomized design. The results showed that purple coneflower is highly sensitive to salinity in the germination stage. The results also showed that by increasing salinity levels, the percentage of germination and normal seedlings significantly decreased and the mean time to germination increased, compared to the control treatment. But the seeds treated with GA3showed higher viability and better performance under salinity stress condition.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF 424 ROBOT-ASSISTED OPERATIONS IN ST-PETERSBURG: RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY, PARTIAL AND RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (5) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kh. Al’-Shukri ◽  
M. S. Mosoyan ◽  
D. Yu. Semenov ◽  
D. M. Il’In
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Radical Nephrectomy ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Robotic Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

The article presents the results of 257 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies, 135 partial nephrectomies and 32 radical nephrectomies at the period from 2010 to 2016. The operations were performed on robotic complex da Vinci S. The mean operative time was 170±50 min, 158,4±72,2 min and 143,3±67,3 min, the mean blood loss was 130±35 ml, 213,0±102,2 ml and 141,4±49,0 ml for robotic radical prostatectomy, partial and radical nephrectomy, respectively. The mean time of warm ischemia consisted of 13,1±2,7 min. Five-year cancer-specific survival rate was 100%, 100% and 98%. The overall survival rate was 97,5%, 87% and 92% for robotic radical prostatectomy, partial and radical nephrectomy, respectively.

Time Spent in Hospital in the Last Six Months of Life in Patients Who Died of Cancer in Ontario

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1584-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huang ◽  
C. Boyd ◽  
S. Tyldesley ◽  
J. Zhang-Salomons ◽  
P. A. Groome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Hospital Separation

PURPOSE: To describe hospital bed utilization in the final 6 months of life in patients dying of cancer in Ontario, Canada. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hospital separation records were linked to a population-based cancer registry to identify factors associated with hospitalization in the 203,713 patients who died of cancer in Ontario between 1986 and 1998. RESULTS: Between 1986 and 1998, 5.3% of all acute care beds in Ontario were devoted to the care of cancer patients in the last 6 months of life. The mean time spent in hospital in the last 6 months of life decreased from 34.3 days in 1986 to 22.7 days in 1998. Hospitalization rates increased exponentially during the last month of life. Patients younger than 50 years of age, women, and residents of poorer communities spent significantly longer in hospital than others. Hospitalization rates differed very little among the common solid tumors, but patients with CNS malignancies, the lymphomas, and the leukemias spent significantly longer in hospital than the other groups. There was significant interregional variations in hospitalization that were not explained by differences in case mix. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between the rate of use of palliative radiotherapy and the hospital bed use in the county in which the patient resided. CONCLUSION: The total time spent in hospital in the last 6 months of life has decreased over the last decade, but acute care hospitals continue to play a large role in the care of patients who are dying of cancer.

scholarly journals An unusually coloured individual of the common spadefoot toad Pelobates fuscus (Laurenti, 1768)

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Piotr Paweł KAZIMIRSKI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Yellowish Green ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Pelobates Fuscus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Olive Green

The background colouration of the spadefoot toad Pelobates fuscus, an anuran species found in Europe is typically light grey/yellow grey/light olive-green. However, an atypical specimen, whose background was brightly coloured yellowish green (light green/lime/yellow coloured), with darker small spots distributed through dorsal parts and four main spots slightly shaped was observed in Poland (Great Poland, Mościejewo village), near to two ponds. The ecological effects of green coloured individual can be adaptively important, through its similarity to the vegetation (predator avoidance).

scholarly journals Analysis of the common spadefoot toad (PELOBATES FUSCUS) skin secretions on the presence of the potential hemostasis system effectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
I. Udovychenko ◽  
D. Oliynyk ◽  
J. Dudkina ◽  
T. Halenova ◽  
O. Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Skin Glands ◽  
Hemostasis System ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Pelobates Fuscus ◽  
Skin Secretions ◽  
The Common

Since nowadays the chemical synthesis of new bioactive compounds is a complicated and expensive procedure, alongside with the increased price for drugs based on synthetic biologically active compounds, scientists lay emphasize on natural sources as a promising raw material for various biologically active substances. Amphibian skin glands secretions are a powerful source of potential pharmacological agents. Currently their antimicrobial, antiviral, cardiotonic and antidiabetic activities have been studied in detail, although almost nothing is known about the effects of the tailless amphibians' skin secretions on the functioning of the hemostasis system. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential effects of the components of skin glands secretions of a representative of Ukrainian batrakhofauna – the Common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) on some parameters of hemostasis system. In the result of chromatographic separation of general skin secretions, 4 protein fractions were obtained, containing a variety of proteins with molecular masses ranging from 17 to 150 kDa. The components of fraction 1 activated prothrombin and factor X in plasma. Several components of fraction 4 had proteolytic activity and substrate specificity for collagen. The components of fractions 1 and 2 prolonged plasma coagulation time in the APTT. Thus, it was proved the presence of biologically active compounds in the P. fuscus skin secretions, that indicates the prospects for further research to identify the individual components responsible for the manifestation of the shown effects in order to provide clues in understanding the structural and functional characteristics and mechanism of action. Moreover, advances in this area will further increase the use of amphibian skin secretions as a raw material for the development of new original pharmaceutical agents and/or biotechnological products

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