scholarly journals Analysis of the common spadefoot toad (PELOBATES FUSCUS) skin secretions on the presence of the potential hemostasis system effectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
I. Udovychenko ◽  
D. Oliynyk ◽  
J. Dudkina ◽  
T. Halenova ◽  
O. Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Skin Glands ◽  
Hemostasis System ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Pelobates Fuscus ◽  
Skin Secretions ◽  
The Common

Since nowadays the chemical synthesis of new bioactive compounds is a complicated and expensive procedure, alongside with the increased price for drugs based on synthetic biologically active compounds, scientists lay emphasize on natural sources as a promising raw material for various biologically active substances. Amphibian skin glands secretions are a powerful source of potential pharmacological agents. Currently their antimicrobial, antiviral, cardiotonic and antidiabetic activities have been studied in detail, although almost nothing is known about the effects of the tailless amphibians' skin secretions on the functioning of the hemostasis system. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential effects of the components of skin glands secretions of a representative of Ukrainian batrakhofauna – the Common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) on some parameters of hemostasis system. In the result of chromatographic separation of general skin secretions, 4 protein fractions were obtained, containing a variety of proteins with molecular masses ranging from 17 to 150 kDa. The components of fraction 1 activated prothrombin and factor X in plasma. Several components of fraction 4 had proteolytic activity and substrate specificity for collagen. The components of fractions 1 and 2 prolonged plasma coagulation time in the APTT. Thus, it was proved the presence of biologically active compounds in the P. fuscus skin secretions, that indicates the prospects for further research to identify the individual components responsible for the manifestation of the shown effects in order to provide clues in understanding the structural and functional characteristics and mechanism of action. Moreover, advances in this area will further increase the use of amphibian skin secretions as a raw material for the development of new original pharmaceutical agents and/or biotechnological products

Habitat use of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) in Estonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riinu Rannap ◽  
Maris Markus ◽  
Tanel Kaart
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Pelobates Fuscus ◽  
The Common

Habitat loss and degradation are the most obvious and acute factors which influence amphibian decline. Fortunately, however, habitat deterioration is potentially reversible. Recognizing the factors critical for the species is therefore essential for successful habitat restoration and maintenance. In this study we explored the habitat requirements of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), a severely declining species in Europe. The toad is considered a typical representative of herpetofauna in open agricultural landscapes but at its northern and western range edge the species occurs also in forested areas. So far, studies on the habitat requirements of the common spadefoot toad have only focused on agricultural areas and the significance of forest habitats has remained indistinct. In order to determine the habitat characteristics vital for the species as well as the function of forests as possible sink or source habitats, we explored 34 water bodies and their surroundings comparatively in forested and open landscapes in Estonia. Our study demonstrated that land cover type did not influence the presence of the species – the limiting habitat factors were related to soil type and quality of the reproduction site only. Respectively, the species preferred large fish free sun exposed water bodies in areas with sandy soil. In our study sites such conditions were best met in old growth coniferous forest areas. Thus we suggest that these types of forests holding viable populations of the common spadefoot toad should be protected with large scale clear cuttings as well as altering of hydrology avoided.

scholarly journals Age, size and body condition do not equally reflect population response to habitat change in the common spadefoot toad Pelobates fuscus

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11678
Author(s):  
Dan Cogălniceanu ◽  
Florina Stănescu ◽  
Diana Székely ◽  
Theodor-Sebastian Topliceanu ◽  
Ruben Iosif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Pelobates Fuscus ◽  
Median Lifespan ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Expansion

Urbanization impacts biodiversity both directly through physical expansion over land, and indirectly due to land use conversion and human behaviors associated with urban areas. We assessed the response of a common spadefoot toad population (Pelobates fuscus) to habitat loss and fragmentation resulting from urban development by studying changes in size, body condition and age parameters. We compared samples collected in the early 2000s (sample A) and later on during 2012–2014 (sample B). The terrestrial habitats in the study area were severely reduced and fragmented due to the expansion of the human settlement. We found no significant differences in the age parameters between the two sampling periods; the median lifespan shortened from 3.5 (sample A) to 3.0 years (sample B), while the other age parameters were similar in both samples. In contrast, snout-vent length, body mass and body condition experienced a significant decrease over time. Our results suggest that changes in body size and body condition, rather than age parameters, better reflect the response of the common spadefoot toad population to declining habitat quality. Therefore, body measurements can provide reliable estimates of the impact of habitat degradation in amphibian populations.

scholarly journals Lonicera caerulea L. as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds for the Enrichment of Fermented Milk Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
Dalija Segliņa ◽  
Inta Krasnova ◽  
Sanita Alsiņa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract Lonicera caerulea L., also known as honeysuckle berries, are rich in biologically active compounds, which makes them a valuable raw material for the development of functional foods. The objects of the research were three honeysuckle cultivars (‘Zoluška’, ‘Siņaja Ptica’, ‘Goluboje Vereteno’), four genotypes (No 2A; No 3; No 5; No 8) and kefir, enriched with various amounts (3–10%) of fruit puree. Physical and chemical analyses to determine the qualitative indicators of raw materials and products were performed. The degree of liking of kefir was assessed using sensory analysis: hedonic and line scales. The results obtained showed that among the cultivars the highest content of anthocyanins (1103.5 mg·100 g−1), total phenols (693.3 mg·100 g−1), flavonoids (753.9 mg·100 g−1), and tannins (1.6 mg·100 g−1), were found in ‘Siņaja Ptica’ berries, while among the genotypes, berries of No 8 had the highest concentration of the aforesaid compounds. Both samples also showed the highest antiradical activity: ABTS+• on average by 71.7% and DPPH− by 43.7%. According to the sensory evaluation, kefir with 10% honeysuckle puree was rated the highest. Honeysuckle berries could be used as a promising source of natural anti-oxidants in future research aimed at developing different new products that could meet consumer expectations.

scholarly journals State and prospects of modern research in biotechnology of licens as a medicinal raw material

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
E. F. Semyonova ◽  
I. M. Teplitskaya ◽  
M. A. Goncharov ◽  
D. A. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Original Experimental Data

Based on the content analysis of the sources of patent and scientific literature on the biotechnology of lichens as a medicinal raw material, systematized modern information is provided, as well as original experimental data regarding the cultivation of botanical species of lichens of various ecological and geographical groups under controlled conditions. Since ancient times, lichens havebeen used as medicines and are included in the pharmacopoeias of various countries. At present, methodological approaches have been developed for the cultivation of lichens (genera Usnea, Rhinocarpon, Umbilicara ) and their components: phycobiont (genera Nostoc, Chlorella ), mycobiont ( Petrusaria pertiza, Leydea parasema, Alternaria sp.). The main biologically active compounds (usnic acid, lichenin, cetrarin, water-soluble vitamins, calcium oxalate) and the pharmacological effects caused by them (antimicrobial, stimulating appetite, enveloping, anti-inflammatory, anti-burn, regenerating). Biotechnological approaches can be implemented for species cloning, reproduction, creation of a bank of cell cultures of lichens and their components in order to preserve economically valuable producers in an active state and develop technologies for obtaining biomass and pharmacologically valuable biologically active compounds.

Analytical Pyrolysis for Valorization of Herbal Pharmaceutical Industry Wastes Excluding Necessity of Preparative Isolation of their Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Jevgenija Ponomarenko ◽  
Botir Abduazimov ◽  
Vilhelmina Jurkjane ◽  
Sarmite Janceva ◽  
Galina Telysheva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Preparative Isolation

The work is devoted to the comprehensive comparative analysis of extraction cakes, obtained after isolation of pharmaceuticals from medical herbs (Aconítum leucostómum, Thermopsis alterniflora, Glycyrrhiza Glabra and Vinca erecta) to characterize their composition and structural features of components, that is necessary for following valorization and for evaluation of extraction efficiency. Application of analytical pyrolysis to analysis of the medical herbs’ residues allowed to avoid disadvantages, connected with preparative isolation of components and get integral information about phytomass constituents and their transformation during extraction. The results have shown that aconite and licorice roots extraction cakes can be considered as perspective raw material for the chemical and biological processing for obtaining of carbohydrates-based products, whereas the periwinkle grass waste is perspective source for obtaining of aromatic and phenolic products. The data of the analytical pyrolysis indicate the сompleteness of biologically active compounds extraction from licorice roots. Extraction cakes of aconite, thermopsis and periwinkle grasses contained different amounts of unextracted targeted pharmaceutical compounds, which can increase their value.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the total quantity of flavonoids in domestic and imported raw material of stevia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Evgeny E. Кurdyukov ◽  
Elena F. Semenova ◽  
Aleksandr V. Mitishev ◽  
Yаkov P. Moiseev ◽  
Anna V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Different Origin

Relevance. Standardization of plant raw material derived from stevia is a topical issue, since this plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) contains sweet diterpene glycosides and is used as a natural sugar substitute. In addition, stevia contains flavonoids which are biologically active compounds that exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and capillary-strengthening properties. Currently, spectrophotometric methods are used to identify and quantify flavonoids in medicinal plants. They are fast, convenient and do not require sophisticated equipment. The aim of our paper is comparative phytochemical study of the content of the total flavonoids in stevia raw material of different origin. Materials and methods. The study material was dried stevia leaves (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), grown in the Penza Region, the Republic of Crimea, the Krasnodar territory, and raw materials imported from Paraguay and India. The content of the total flavonoids was estimated by differential spectrophotometry calculated with reference to cynaroside. Results. The study of the quantity of flavonoids in the raw material of stevia of different origin was carried out. In the presence of aluminum chloride stevia flavonoids form a complex compound at the absorption maximum of 408 2 nm. The content of flavonoids in different species of stevia are found to range from 1.13% to 1.74%. Conclusion. The obtained results allow to recommend stevia leaves as a source of flavonoids along with other available medicinal plants. It is advisable to classify the complex of flavonoids as the second group of biologically active compounds of stevia leaves.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS CONTENE ASSESSMENT IN CINNAMON ROSE (ROSA MAJALIS HERRM.) FRUITS FROM THE KUZBASS FLORA

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Egorova I.N. ◽  
Maltseva E.M. ◽  
Bolshakov V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
The Rose

Cinnamon rose (Rosa majalis Herrm.) is the one of two species of rose hips growing in the Kemerovo region. The rose hips pharmacopoeial raw material are fruits which used as a vitamin agent. The rose hips pharmacological effect is due to the rich complex of biologically active substances contained in its fruits. Cinnamon rose belongs to the high-vitamin species. Ascorbic acid content can reach 4-14% in it. Due to the high content of organic acids and polyphenols, rose hips and preparations based on it have a fairly strong antioxidant effect. They are often used to prevent vitamin C deficiency, which is especially important for the region local population living in a territory with a harsh continental climate, characterized by long cold winters. Therefore, the rose hips from Kuzbass flora further study is an urgent goal to expand the medicinal plant raw material base and to provide the population of the region with a vitamin product. The study was aimed at assessing some biologically active compounds content (tannins, organic acids, ascorbic acid) in the cinnamon rose fruits growing in the region. Ascorbic acid quantitative determination was carried out by HPLC, organic acids and tannins - by titration. The analysis showed that the ascorbic acid content in the raw materials collected in the Topkinsky district of the region reaches 0,450±0,003 %, organic acids - 3,728±0,051 %, which corresponds to the PI requirements for this type of raw material. Tannins quantitative content reaches 5.76 %. Obtained experimental data comparative analysis with the literature confirmed the fact that one of the main factors affecting the rose hips vitamin content is the geographical factor.

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