Bioinformatic Analysis of Evolutional Conservatism and Functional Significance of Microsatellite Alleles of Human 14Q13.2 Region Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Bioinformatic Analysis of Evolutional Conservatism and Functional Significance of Microsatellite Alleles of Human 14Q13.2 Region Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus The paper deals with bioinformatic and statistical analysis of the possible functional significance of the previously shown association of several microsatellite alleles in intron 6 of the human proteasome core particle PSMA6 gene (HSMS006) and four other microsatellites localised upstream in human chromosome 14q13.2 (HSMS801, HSMS702, HSMS701, HSMS602) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Latvia and Botnia, Finland. Genotype analysis revealed that (CAA)8/(CAA)8 homozygotes of the HSMS602 marker were never found in Type 2 diabetes patients, although 6.56% of the individuals from the control groups were the (CAA)8/(CAA)8 homozygotes. For the HSMS801 marker the (AC)21/(AC)23 genotype was never found in the case group and in the control group it was detected with a frequency 4.40%; these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In contrast to the Latvian population, the distribution of genotype frequencies in cases and controls taken from the Botnian dataset was almost similar. Haplotype analysis showed that in the Latvian population besides haplotypes including alleles differently represented in case and control groups, a combination of some alleles almost equally represented in both groups formed combinations that were more characteristic of either the case group or the control group. This indicates probable independent functional significance of these haplotypes that warrants further investigation. In the Botnian population, more allele combinations were observed, and the distribution of haplotypes in case and control groups differed from that observed in Latvia. The observed haplotype distributions might reflect differences between the studied populations: a homogenous and isolated Botnian vis-à-vis a mixed Latvian population. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis of data on the Latvian population revealed nine of ten two-allele combinations manifesting a high LD. HSMS006 and HSMS602 combination had a low LD; among the analysed markers these were situated at the largest distance from one another. Data on the Botnian population showed that haplotypes in eight of ten combinations had a high LD, including the HSMS006 and HSMS602 combinations. It appears that the two populations differ also in linkage disequilibrium of two-loci haplotypes. Theoretical analysis of a potential functional role of the polymorphisms indicated the significance of the microsatellite length of HSMS602 and HSMS006 for the formation of DNA hairpins. The whole genomic region appears to be conservative in mammals.

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Drift of the Subgingival Periodontal Microbiome during Chronic Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 504

Author(s):

Irina P. Balmasova ◽

Evgenii I. Olekhnovich ◽

Ksenia M. Klimina ◽

Anna A. Korenkova ◽

Maria T. Vakhitova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control ◽

Pooled Samples

Since periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complex diseases, a thorough understanding of their pathogenesis requires knowing the relationship of these pathologies with other disorders and environmental factors. In this study, the representability of the subgingival periodontal microbiome of 46 subjects was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun sequencing of pooled samples. We examined 15 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 15 patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CPT2DM), and 16 healthy subjects (Control). The severity of generalized chronic periodontitis in both periodontitis groups of patients (CP and CPT2DM) was moderate (stage II). The male to female ratios were approximately equal in each group (22 males and 24 females); the average age of the subjects was 53.9 ± 7.3 and 54.3 ± 7.2 years, respectively. The presence of overweight patients (Body Mass Index (BMI) 30–34.9 kg/m2) and patients with class 1–2 obesity (BMI 35–45.9 kg/m2) was significantly higher in the CPT2DM group than in patients having only chronic periodontitis or in the Control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in all clinical indices between the CP and CPT2DM groups. An analysis of the metagenomic data revealed that the alpha diversity in the CPT2DM group was increased compared to that in the CP and Control groups. The microbiome biomarkers associated with experimental groups were evaluated. In both groups of patients with periodontitis, the relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae was increased compared to that in the Control group. The CPT2DM group was characterized by a lower relative abundance of Streptococcaceae/Pasteurellaceae and a higher abundance of Leptotrichiaceae compared to those in the CP and Control groups. Furthermore, the CP and CPT2DM groups differed in terms of the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae (which was decreased in the CPT2DM group compared to CP) and Neisseriaceae (which was increased in the CPT2DM group compared to CP). In addition, differences in bacterial content were identified by a combination of shotgun sequencing of pooled samples and genome-resolved metagenomics. The results indicate that there are subgingival microbiome-specific features in patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Ayurveda Body–Mind Constitutional Types and Role of Yoga Intervention Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population of Chandigarh and Panchkula Regions

Annals of Neurosciences ◽

10.1177/09727531211000040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097275312110000

Author(s):

Madhava Sai Sivapuram ◽

Vinod Srivastava ◽

Navneet Kaur ◽

Akshay Anand ◽

Raghuram Nagarathna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Control Groups ◽

Yoga Intervention ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Background: Type 2 diabetes needs a better understanding of etiological factors and management strategies based on lifestyle and constitutional factors, given its high association rate with many cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and COVID-19 infection. Purpose: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Diabetes-specific integrated Yoga lifestyle Protocol (DYP) on glycemic control and lipid profiles of diabetic adults. Along with the DYP intervention, the individuals residing in Chandigarh and Panchkula union territories in the northern part of India were assessed for Ayurveda-based body–mind constitutional type. Ayurveda describes body–mind constitution as “ prakriti,” which has been discussed from two angles, namely physiological and psychological as body and mind are correlated. Methods: Cluster sampling of waitlist control study subjects was used as the sampling method for the study. A total of 1,215 registered subjects (81 diabetic) responded in randomly selected clusters in Chandigarh and Panchkula. Ayurveda physicians did Ayurveda body–mind constitutional assessment called prakriti assessment (physiological body–mind constitution assessment) in 35 participants (23 diabetic, 12 prediabetic) as a part of the study. Results: A group of 50 subjects was randomly selected for yoga intervention out of 81 diabetes mellitus adults, and 31 subjects were enrolled as waitlist controls. A significant decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels from 8.49 ± 1.94% to 7.97 ± 2.20% in the intervention group was noticed. The lipid profiles of the DYP intervention and control groups were monitored. Three-month follow-up results of lipid profile diagnostic tests in intervention and control groups showed a significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05). Most diabetic and prediabetic individuals were found to have pitta dosha ( pitta controls all heat, metabolism, and transformation in the mind and body) as dominant constitution type. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated significant positive effects of yoga in diabetic individuals. This study has indicated the evidence for the safety and efficacy of the validated DYP for community-level interventions to prevent maladies like brain damage and stroke.

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Relationship between TP53 and interleukin-6 gene variants and the risk of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus development in the Kermanshah province

Journal of Medicine and Life ◽

10.25122/jml-2019-0150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

Lida Haghnazari ◽

◽

Ramin Sabzi ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Tp53 Gene ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Codon 72 ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

And Control ◽

Type 1 Dm

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that results from insufficient secretion or insulin resistance, or both. Insulin secretion deficiency leads to chronic hyperglycemia along with impaired metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. This study aimed to investigate the TP53 gene SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) rs1042522 genotype and the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene SNP rs1800795 genotype in DM and control groups. This study was performed on 70 patients with type 1 DM, 100 patients with type 2 DM without related complications, 66 control subjects for type 1 DM, and 95 control subjects for type 2 DM. The control groups were matched regarding age and gender and did not have a familial relationship with the patient groups. All the subjects were residents of Kermanshah, located in the western part of Iran. Polymorphisms of TP53 and IL-6 genes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c were measured using the ELISA and immunoturbidometric methods. The frequency of genotypes (CC, CG, GG) of the TP53 gene codon 72 in type 1 DM and its control group were significantly different (P= 0.013). Likewise, the frequency of genotypes (CC, CG, GG) of the TP53 gene codon 72 was significantly different between type 2 DM and control groups (P <0.001). The frequency of genotypes (GG, GC, CC) of G174C polymorphisms in the IL-6 gene was different between type 1 DM and control group as well as between type 2 DM and its control group, but it was not statistically significant. SNP rs1042522 genotypes in the dominant form (CG + GG vs. CC) (OR= 3.880; P < 0.001) and alleles G vs. C alleles (OR= 0.384; P < 0.001) increased the risk of type 2 DM significantly. There was no significant difference between type 1 and type 2 DM groups and respected control groups regarding the frequency of the IL-6 gene SNP rs1800795 alleles. The G allele of SNP rs1042522 encoding the TP53 gene increases the risk of developing DM in the population of the Kermanshah province, Iran.

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EDUKASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN PRINSIP DIABETES SELF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION (DSME) MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU KEPATUHAN DIET PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2

Critical Medical and Surgical Nursing Journal ◽

10.20473/cmsnj.v1i1.11927 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Rohmatul Laili ◽

Yulis Setiya Dewi ◽

Erna Dwi Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Management Education ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Self Management ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

And Control

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the incurable cronic diseases. The patient’s dietary obedience is a principal component in diabetes treatment success. One of the efforts to increase dietary obedience behavior in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients is using a Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) principles approach. Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) is the ongoing process of facilitating knowledge, skill and ability necessary for diabetes self care. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of DSME principles approach toward the dietary obedience behavior that consists of knowledge, attitude, and practice aspects in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Puskesmas Kebonsari Surabaya.Methods: A quasy experimental design was used in this study with 24 people as the sample which taken by using purposive sampling and divided into two groups (treatment and control group). A structured questionnaire and daily meal note for seven days were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann Whitney U test with significant level α≤0.05. Result: The results showed that there was an influence of DSME principles approach after being applied to the treatment group and control group toward the dietary knowledge with the value of p=0.004 and p=0.083 respectively, the attitude of dietary obedience with p=0.025 and p=0.083 and the dietary obedience practice with p=0.002 and p=0.564.Discussion: The study showed that DSME approach had a significant influence toward the dietary obedience behavior in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. DSME principles approach used learning based on patient empowerment and behavior strategies. Ongoing support also contributed in maintaining progress achieved so that resulting dietary obedience behavior in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Larger respondents, more proper instruments and longer duration of study are needed to get a better results of the study concerning diabetic patient’s obedience in the future.

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HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELLITUS PADA LANSIA

Media Gizi Indonesia ◽

10.20473/mgi.v13i1.49-56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Putri Ramadhani ◽

Trias Mahmudiono

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Sugar Consumption ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Brown Sugar ◽

Sweetened Beverages

Elderly becomes the most risky group in developing type 2 diabetes because they are more susceptible for carbohydrate metabolism disorders that can appear as diabetes. This study was aimed to determine the correlation between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sex with the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. The population in this study were all elderly population (age> 60 years) in Jagir Public Health Center working area. This research used case control design with simple random sampling technique as a sampling method. The number of samples was 78 respondents with 39 samples of case group and 39 samples of control group. Data were analyzed using linear regression and logistic regression test. The results showed that there was a correlation between the consumption of SSBs and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in elderly (p = 0.000; OR = 9.375). Female elderly consumed more SSBs than men elderly (female's sugar consumption 26.9%, brown sugar 69.2%, syrup 75.6% and sachet drinks 73.1%, while mal’s sugar consumption 9%, brown sugar 20.5%, syrup 16.7% and sachet drinks 15.4%). In conclusion, this research revealed consumption of SSB’s was higher in female elderly and SSB’s consumption was correlated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Diabetes education in primary care: a randomized clinical trial

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00097115 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maria de Fatima Ferreira Grillo ◽

Cristina Rolim Neumann ◽

Suzana Fiore Scain ◽

Raquel Farias Rozeno ◽

Luis Beloli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Primary Care ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Insulin Dose ◽

Control Group ◽

One Year ◽

And Control

Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a structured group education program administered by a primary care nurse in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The sample included 137 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, randomized into two groups: intervention (5-week educational course and reinforcements every 4 months for one year) and control (with no structured diabetes mellitus education) with an evaluation of metabolic control, weight, blood pressure, distress scores, and knowledge on diabetes. There were no differences between the two groups in HbA1c at 4, 8, or 12 months when compared to baseline values. An increase in HbA1c was observed in the control group after adjusting for baseline HbA1c and insulin dose (p = 0.044 between groups). Knowledge scores and diabetes-related distress improved after the intervention. A structured educational program administered to type 2 diabetes mellitus patients seen at a primary care unit improved the knowledge and distress associated with the disease. The results also suggest the prevention of an increase in HbA1c.

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Adipokines, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Lean, Overweight, and Obese Portuguese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

ISRN Obesity ◽

10.1155/2013/142097 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria João Neuparth ◽

Jorge Brandão Proença ◽

Alice Santos-Silva ◽

Susana Coimbra

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Patients ◽

And Control

Aim. Our aim was to study how different BMI scores may influence the levels of inflammation, oxidative stress, adipogenesis, glucose, and lipid metabolism, in lean, overweight, and obese Portuguese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. We studied 28 lean, 38 overweight, and 17 obese patients with T2DM and 20 controls (gender and age matched). The circulating levels of oxLDL, CRP, and some adipokines—adiponectin, leptin, and chemerin—and the lipid profile were evaluated. Results. Obese patients presented significantly lower levels of adiponectin and higher leptin, oxLDL, and chemerin levels, as compared to the overweight, lean, and control groups. Overweight, compared to lean and control, subjects showed significantly lower adiponectin and higher leptin and chemerin levels; oxLDL values were significantly higher in overweight than in lean patients. Lean patients presented significantly higher chemerin values than the control. Obese patients presented significantly higher CRP values, as compared to lean patients and the control group. Obese and overweight patients presented significantly higher triglycerides values than lean patients. Except for CRP, all the observed significant changes between control and patients remained significant after statistical adjustment for the body mass index (BMI). Conclusion. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, oxLDL, CRP, and triglycerides in patients with T2DM seem to be more associated with obesity and less with diabetes. Chemerin levels were raised in lean, overweight, and obese patients, suggesting that, independently of BMI, an adipocyte dysfunction occurs. Moreover, chemerin may provide an important early biomarker of adipocyte dysfunction and a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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α-2-Macroglobulin in Saliva Is Associated with Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2015/128653 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Juan Pablo Aitken ◽

Carolina Ortiz ◽

Irene Morales-Bozo ◽

Gonzalo Rojas-Alcayaga ◽

Mauricio Baeza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Positive Discrimination ◽

And Control

Background. Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) require an adequate glycemic control to avoid diabetic complications. Currently, saliva biomarkers are used as a diagnostic tool and can be indicative of the degree of progression and control of various diseases. Several studies indicate thatα-2-macroglobulin levels are elevated in diabetic patients.Methods. 120 subjects with DM2 were enrolled and classified into two groups according to their glycemic control (percentage of glycated hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c), <7% adequate glycemic control group; >7% inadequate glycemic control group). The relationship betweenα-2-macroglobulin levels from saliva samples and HbA1c was subsequently evaluated.Results. We found a positive correlation betweenα-2-macroglobulin and HbA1c (r=0.778andP<0.0001). Area under the receivers operating characteristic (ROC) curve ofα-2-macroglobulin indicated a positive discrimination threshold ofα-2-macroglobulin (AUC = 0.903, CI 95%: 0.847–0.959,P<0.0001) to diagnose glycemic control.Conclusions. Our data strongly suggest that the level of salivaα-2-macroglobulin is an indicator for the degree of glycemic control in diabetic patients and represents a promising alternative method to evaluate this parameter.

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Telomere length and vascular wall in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/dm2014331-38 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ekaterina Nailyevna Dudinskaya ◽

Olga Nikolaevna Tkacheva ◽

Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova ◽

Natalya Vasilyevna Brailova ◽

Irina Dmitrievna Strazhesko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Vascular Changes ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control

Aim. To study the relationship between changes in the artery structure and function and peripheral lymphocyte telomere length in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Materials and methods. A total of 50 patients with T2DM and without clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were included in the study; the control group consisted of 49 people. The following tests were conducted for all study participants: carbohydrate metabolism evaluation, carotid artery duplex scan to measure intima?media complex thickness (IMT) and to determine the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, carotid?femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement and lymphocyte telomere length measurement. Results. The vascular changes were more pronounced in patients with T2DM than in controls. The telomeres were shorter in patients with T2DM than in those without diabetes (9.53?0.1 vs 9.86?0.1, p=0.033). The participants were divided according to the telomere length. Among patients with T2DM, there were significant differences in the condition of the vascular wall [PWV: 10.58?0.1 m/s in patients with ?long? telomeres and 15.08?1.3 m/s in patients with ?short? telomeres; IMT: 0.80?0.09 mm in patients with ?long? telomeres and 0.87?0.05 mm in patients with ?short? telomeres (p=0.024)]. There were no significant differences in the arterial structure between the patient and control groups with ?long? telomeres [PWV: 10.58?0.1 m/s vs 10.5?0.5 m/s (p=0.913); IMT: 0.080?0.09 mm vs 0.73?0.03 mm (p=0.12). However, there were significant differences in the vascular wall condition between the patient and control groups with ?short? telomeres [PWV: 15.08?1.3 m/s vs, 10.7?0.5 m/s (p=0.015); IMT: 0.87?0.1 vs 0.78?0.1 (p=0.03)]. Conclusions. The signs of vascular ageing were more pronounced in patients with T2DM than in controls. However, despite diabetes, vascular changes were minimal in patients with ?long? lymphocyte telomeres, comparable with the state of the vascular walls in healthy individuals. Thus, enhanced lymphocyte telomere length may have a protective effect on the vascular wall and may prevent damage from carbohydrate metabolism disorders.

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Correlation between Microalbuminuria and Glucose/ Leptin ratio in a sample of Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2012.6.2.221 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

Rayah Sulaiman Baban ◽

Zeina Ismael Ibrahem ◽

Isam Noori Al-Karawi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Control Groups ◽

Normal Range ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

And Control

o study the association of serum leptin and glucose/leptin ratio with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at different durations, and to predict their effect on their renal function. A case control study was conducted in the International Diabetic Center at Al-Mustansiryia University in Baghdad-Iraq from 1st September 2008 to the 30th of July 2010. One hundred and eight male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were introduced in this study. Fifty three healthy subjects were used as a control. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, leptin, urea, creatinine and body mass index were estimated in both patient and control groups. Fifty three 49.07% out of 108 were diabetic for ≤2 years, while 55 patient 50.93% were diabetic >2 years. All patients were obese while healthy control subjects were not. Fasting serum glucose, insulin and leptin levels were found elevated in patients group while in control group their levels were found within normal range. Both urea and creatinine were also within the normal range for patients and control groups. Level of albumin in urine of patients with diabetes mellitus for ≤ 2years was found normal while in those with 3 to 6 or more than 6 years of DM, level of urinary albumin was found within the micro rang. A positive correlation with highly significant p value (<0.01) was found between patients (≤ 2 years and >2 years) serum leptin, glucose/leptin ratio and microalbuminuria. Conclusions: a strong association was found between serum leptin and glucose/leptin ratio with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients which can be used to predict the efficiency of their renal function at different durations and can be used as additional marker for the diagnosis of early stage of nephropathy.

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