scholarly journals Some Wheat Varieties Behavior Regarding the Attack of Main Pathogens Under Climatic Conditions from Central Area of Moldavia, Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
C.I. Arsene ◽  
Andreea-Mihaela Bălău ◽  
E. Ulea
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Abstract Due to the attack of the main pathogens agents in the wheat crop the wheat production is not exploited at the full potential. Powdery mildew, leaf spot and rust brown leaves are considered to be the most widespread and damaging diseases of wheat. In our country, the attack of these pathogens is present every year, with different intensities and it can cause production damages ranging from 3-4% to 20%. Due to this fact, the main attention of the farmers is to cultivate resistant wheat varieties to Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer., Septoria tritici Rob. Desm. and Puccinia recondita Rob. et Desm. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the phytosanitary condition of 24 wheat varieties cultivated in 2011-2012 at the Ezăreni didactic Farm from University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi, Romania, localized in the central area of Moldavia. This study contains data regarding the spread and evolution of the main pathogens that were observed at the 24 wheat varieties studied. These varieties showed different reactions to different pathogens observed in the same environmental conditions thus some of them were resistant to Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer. and Septoria tritici Rob. ex. Desm. attack, and some recorded a disease incidence of 18.75% at the Puccinia recondita Rob. et Desm attack.

scholarly journals The Foliar and Ear Diseases Dynamic in Autumn Wheat at the ARDS Turda During

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana SUCIU ◽  
Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Elena NAGY ◽  
Ioan HAȘ ◽  
Carmen PUIA
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Wheat Diseases

The wheat crop is considered the crop with the largest cultivated area in the world. In our country, the area cultivated with wheat, represents about 40% of the area cultivated with cereals. Autumn wheat crops are affected by many diseases that cause significant quantitative and qualitative damages. The production losses varies from year to year, due to weather conditions, applied technology, the sources of inoculum and the cultivated variety. From the foliar and ear diseases encountered in the culture of wheat, powdery mildew ( Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici fc. Oidiummonilioides  ), brown staining (Septoria tritici fc. Leptosphaeria tritici ) rust (Puccinia spp.) and fusariosis ( Gibberella spp fc. Fusarium graminearum) occurs with high intensity, especially in the years with high precipitation. In this paper is presented the dynamics of the main wheat diseases in the climatic conditions of the years 2005 - 2011, the ARDS Turda. The experiments were located by random block method in three repetitions. The biological material was represented by four wheat varieties created at ARDS Turda. The observation were made once a week from the end of April - early May until the end of July. The observation were made to 20 plants of each variety. It was noted: the number of siblings, number the leaves, leaf length, leaf width, the attack degree on the plant, specifying at each notation the phenological stage. Following observation in the experimental conditions from ARDS Turda, the frequent diseases were: powdery mildew, brown staining and fusariosa.

scholarly journals Impact of climate on Spot Blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) severity on wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop over Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
C.K. Singh ◽  
R. Chand ◽  
V.K. Mishra ◽  
G. Sonkar ◽  
R.K. MALL
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Arima Models ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Average Maximum

Spot blotch (SB) in wheat crop is caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, become an epidemic in warm and humid regions. The climate influences the incidence and severity of the crop diseases. The present study is an attempt to assess the role of climatic parameters on the SB of wheat. The experiment was conducted on susceptible wheat varieties grown under timely and late sown conditions at Varanasi for three consecutive years (2014-15, 2015-16, and 2016-17). The Multi Liner Regression (MLR) model revealed that the R2 for disease severity was 0.74 and 0.72, for timely and late sown conditions, respectively. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were evaluated to predict the SB severity. Out of eight ARIMA models, ARIMA (1, 0, 1) was the best fit to predict the disease severity. The R2 and RMSE were 0.88 and 7.61, respectively for the timely sown condition. For the late sown, R2 was 0.86 and RMSE 5.48. It was noted that the disease incidence and severity increased rapidly during 8th to 13th SMW that follows after the heading. The risk of SB increased after heading in those areas characterized by average maximum temperature >30 °C with high relative humidity >50%. The outbreaks of SB were recorded during this period. This study will help wheat growers of the EGP for timely adaptation of management practices and breeder for the screening of SB resistant germplasms. 

scholarly journals Mapping Wheat Dry Matter and Nitrogen Content Dynamics and Estimation of Wheat Yield Using UAV Multispectral Imagery Machine Learning and a Variety-Based Approach: Case Study of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Ghizlane Astaoui ◽  
Jamal Eddine Dadaiss ◽  
Imane Sebari ◽  
Samir Benmansour ◽  
Ettarid Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Multispectral Imagery ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Our work aims to monitor wheat crop using a variety-based approach by taking into consideration four different phenological stages of wheat crop development. In addition to highlighting the contribution of Red-Edge vegetation indices in mapping wheat dry matter and nitrogen content dynamics, as well as using Random Forest regressor in the estimation of wheat yield, dry matter and nitrogen uptake relying on UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) multispectral imagery. The study was conducted on an experimental platform with 12 wheat varieties located in Sidi Slimane (Morocco). Several flight missions were conducted using eBee UAV with MultiSpec4C camera according to phenological growth stages of wheat. The proposed methodology is subdivided into two approaches, the first aims to find the most suitable vegetation index for wheat’s biophysical parameters estimation and the second to establish a global model regardless of the varieties to estimate the biophysical parameters of wheat: Dry matter and nitrogen uptake. The two approaches were conducted according to six main steps: (1) UAV flight missions and in-situ data acquisition during four phenological stages of wheat development, (2) Processing of UAV multispectral images which enabled us to elaborate the vegetation indices maps (RTVI, MTVI2, NDVI, NDRE, GNDVI, GNDRE, SR-RE et SR-NIR), (3) Automatic extraction of plots by Object-based image analysis approach and creating a spatial database combining the spectral information and wheat’s biophysical parameters, (4) Monitoring wheat growth by generating dry biomass and wheat’s nitrogen uptake model using exponential, polynomial and linear regression for each variety this step resumes the varietal approach, (5) Engendering a global model employing both linear regression and Random Forest technique, (6) Wheat yield estimation. The proposed method has allowed to predict from 1 up to 21% difference between actual and estimated yield when using both RTVI index and Random Forest technique as well as mapping wheat’s dry biomass and nitrogen uptake along with the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) and therefore facilitate a careful monitoring of the health and the growth of wheat crop. Nevertheless, some wheat varieties have shown a significant difference in yield between 2.6 and 3.3 t/ha.

scholarly journals The influence of low temperatures on the incidence of sugary disease on sorghum

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Amauri Bogo ◽  
Ricardo Trezi Casa ◽  
Luis Sangoi ◽  
Paulo Tarcísio Domatos Borba
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Claviceps Africana ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The relationship between pre-flowering climatic conditions and sugary disease incidence was quantified in grain and forage sorghum genotypes at two sowing periods (mid November and mid December). The trials were carried out over the 2001/02 and 2002/03 growing seasons, in Lages, Santa Catarina State. Four commercial male-fertile sorghum hybrids (BR 600-forrage, BR 700-grain, BR 701-forage/silage and BR 800-forage) and one male-sterile inbred line (BR 001-A) were evaluated. When each genotype reached the flowering stage, 50 panicles were marked and sprayed with a suspension of Claviceps africana (1,000 spores mL-1). Air temperature, humidity and rainfall were recorded through out the growing cycle. Low temperatures three to four weeks prior to flowering, increased susceptibility. At both sowing periods, average night temperatures lower than 15°C during the critical period of pre-flowering turned the fertile hybrids as susceptible as the male-sterile inbred to ergot infection. The tested hybrids differed in their ability to tolerate pre-flowering cold stress. Seed set in uninoculated heads under pollination bags was also reduced, suggesting that increased susceptibility to sugary disease was the result of low temperature induced sterility.

scholarly journals The Behavior of Wheat Varieties to Attack By Fusarium Spp. in Different Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Maria ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Alexandra SUCIU ◽  
Elena NAGY
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Test Version ◽  
Qualitative Nature

Fusarium  is one of the most widespread and damaging diseases of cereal crops (wheat, barley, rye), mainly due to the attack on the ears. In favorable areas for Fusarium , attack causes significant damage in terms of quantity, as a result of reducing the number of berries and THGW's decline, and loss of a qualitative nature, due to lower grain protein content and mycotoxins occurrence. The yield losses caused by Fusarium in wheat, varies from year to year, mainly driven by climatic conditions and technological, source of inoculum and cultivated variety. The objective of this paper was to determine the reaction of wheat varieties to the attack by Fusarium spp. in different test conditions. The researches took place in ARDS Turda, in the Laboratory of Phytopathology. The experiments were located by randomized block method in three replications. Biological material was represented by three varieties of wheat, developed by the Laboratory of Wheat Improvement. Test methods were: uninoculated-untreated, inoculated-untreated, inoculated-treated and uninoculatedtreated. The inoculation was done with the suspension of Fusarium spp. and treatments were applied with products: Falcon 250 EC and Prosaro 460 EC. The manifestation degree of Fusarium was expressed as the percentage of ears and grains infected, and production was expressed by t / ha. After observations and statistical processing of data we can say that the percentage of infected grain varies between 0-16 %, for varieties studied. Yield obtained have been affected by the test version in the two experimental years, the lowest yields were obtained in natural and artificial infection, but without treatment, ranging between 4.7 to 4.9 t / ha in 2010 and 2.8 to 3.9 in 2011.

scholarly journals Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
I I Seregina ◽  
I G Makarskaya ◽  
A S Tsygutkin ◽  
I V Kirichkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

scholarly journals Establishment and management of suitable species in dairy pastures

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
E.R. Thom ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
D.G. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Successful Establishment

For the success of a new dairy pasture, species and cultivars must be selected to counter the limitations to dairying of existing pasture. After successful establishment, the subsequent management of the pasture must ensure its full potential is expressed. Pasture establishment is a costly operation ($300-5OO/ha) with some element of risk, caused by unpredictable climatic conditions, irrespective of the level of technical expertise adopted.

scholarly journals Wheat yield prediction in relation to climatic parameters using statistical model for Ludhiana district of central Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
MAHESH CHAND SINGH ◽  
VAJINDER PAL ◽  
SOM PAL SINGH ◽  
SANJAY SATPUTE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Production Management System ◽  
Main Determinants

Climate change which is one of the main determinants of agricultural production has started affecting the crop growth pattern and yield from past couple of decades in various agro-climatic zones globally. Under such scenario, the prior forecasting of yield of field crops such as wheat via modeling techniques can help in simplifying the crop production management system starting from farmer’s level to policy makers. The present study was thus undertaken to model the wheat yield of Ludhiana district of  Indian Punjab through regression analysis of historical data (1993-2017) of wheat yield and climatic conditions in the area. The developed model was successfully validated with a strong positive correlation (R2=0.81) between predicted and observed data. Both observed and predicted yields were having similar trend with a minimum and maximum absolute differential error of 0.1 and 13.9% respectively. The developed model may serve as a powerful tool for predicting the future yield of wheat crop with available futuristic climatic data of the study area.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVE INTROGRESSIVE LINES OF SOFT SPRING WHEAT WITH AGROPYRON ELONGATUM GENES SUSTAINABLE TO SEPTORIOUS IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Людмила Плотникова ◽  
Lyudmila Plotnikova ◽  
Айнура Сагындекова ◽  
Aynur Sagyndekova ◽  
Галина Бережкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Introgressive Lines

In Western Siberia, the resistance to septoria was tested for samples of wheatgrass of elongated Agropyron elongatum and introgressive lines of spring soft wheat with its genes, created at Omsk State Agrarian University. The experiments were conducted in the field in the forest-steppe zone of the south of Western Siberia (Omsk) in 2013-2016 on an annual natural infectious background. In 2013, the manifestations of septoriosis were weak, in 2014-2015 - moderate, and in 2016 epiphytoty was spread, which led to a severe defeat of varieties of West Siberian selection. A. elongatum samples showed immunity to the disease. In 2013, 15 promising wheat lines were identified that showed high or medium resistance to the Septoria tritici fungus, causing leaf spotting, and Parastagonospora nodorum, which affects leaves and spikes. The lines were predominantly in the middle or middle groups. According to the results of four-year experiments in contrasting weather conditions, the best lines on average showed higher productivity than, or comparable to, the standard varieties, mainly due to the increased number of productive stems of the plant and a high mass of 1000 grains. During the period of observation, there was an increase in the damage of wheat varieties and lines by the causative agents of Septoria, especially S. tritici. In 2013, 8 lines showed high resistance to leaf damage, 10 lines - ears. During the epiphytosis of 2016 year the resistance to S. tritici retained only 2 lines. The resistance to damage to the ear was more stable, in 2016, 6 lines were high, and 5 - medium resistant to P. nodorum. Two lines showed high resistance to septoriosis of leaves and ear. Dedicated lines are recommended for use in breeding soft wheat for resistance to disease.

scholarly journals Yield and Quality Performance of Traditional and Improved Bread and Durum Wheat Varieties under Two Conservation Tillage Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ruiz ◽  
Encarna Zambrana ◽  
Rosario Fite ◽  
Aida Sole ◽  
Jose Luis Tenorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Varieties

The increasing spread of conservation agriculture demands that the next generation of wheat varieties includes cultivars capable of maintaining satisfactory yields with lower inputs and under uncertain climate scenarios. On the basis of the genetic gains achieved during decades of selection oriented to yield improvements under conventional crop management, it is important that novel breeding targets are defined and addressed. Grain yield, yield-related traits, and phenological and morphological characteristics, as well as functional quality parameters have been analyzed for six varieties each of bread and durum wheat, under minimum tillage and no-tillage. During the three-year experiment, the climatic conditions at the field trial site were characterized by low rainfall, although different degrees of aridity—from moderate to severe—were experienced. Differences were found between these two soil management practices in regard to the varieties’ yield stability. A positive influence of no-tillage on traits related to grain and biomass yield was also evidenced, and some traits among the examined seemed involved in varietal adaptation to a particular non-conventional tillage system. The study also confirmed some breeding targets for improved performance of wheat genotypes in conservation agroecosystems. These traits were represented in the small set of traditional varieties analysed.

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