scholarly journals Impact of climate on Spot Blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) severity on wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop over Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
C.K. Singh ◽  
R. Chand ◽  
V.K. Mishra ◽  
G. Sonkar ◽  
R.K. MALL
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Arima Models ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Average Maximum

Spot blotch (SB) in wheat crop is caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, become an epidemic in warm and humid regions. The climate influences the incidence and severity of the crop diseases. The present study is an attempt to assess the role of climatic parameters on the SB of wheat. The experiment was conducted on susceptible wheat varieties grown under timely and late sown conditions at Varanasi for three consecutive years (2014-15, 2015-16, and 2016-17). The Multi Liner Regression (MLR) model revealed that the R2 for disease severity was 0.74 and 0.72, for timely and late sown conditions, respectively. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were evaluated to predict the SB severity. Out of eight ARIMA models, ARIMA (1, 0, 1) was the best fit to predict the disease severity. The R2 and RMSE were 0.88 and 7.61, respectively for the timely sown condition. For the late sown, R2 was 0.86 and RMSE 5.48. It was noted that the disease incidence and severity increased rapidly during 8th to 13th SMW that follows after the heading. The risk of SB increased after heading in those areas characterized by average maximum temperature >30 °C with high relative humidity >50%. The outbreaks of SB were recorded during this period. This study will help wheat growers of the EGP for timely adaptation of management practices and breeder for the screening of SB resistant germplasms. 

scholarly journals Response of different wheat varieties to Bipolaris sorokiniana at seedling stage under laboratory condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Khagendra Kandel ◽  
Dilli Dhakal ◽  
Harish Giri ◽  
Sushil Basnet ◽  
Utsav Koirala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Major Disease ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) is a major disease of wheat in warm, humid wheat-growing regions. The aim of present study was to evaluate the infection symptomology and disease severity to different wheat varieties under laboratory condition. A total of ten wheat genotypes including RR-21 (a susceptible check) and Aditya (a resistant check), were evaluated for seedling stage resistance to spot blotch disease through artificial inoculation under laboratory condition at Gokuleswor, Baitadi during 2018. Based on disease severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), Aditya was found resistant and RR-21 was found susceptible The tested genotypes were categorized on the basis of total AUDPC value, where Banganga, BL4341, BL4407 and local genotype were moderately resistant, BL-4406, NL-1190, NL-297 and NL-971 were found moderately susceptible to spot blot at seedling stage. The susceptible check, RR-21 had the highest disease severity (44%) as well as mean AUDPC value (51.38).

Characterization of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Deep Shikha ◽  
Chandani Latwal ◽  
Elangbam Premabati Devi ◽  
Anupama Singh ◽  
Pawan K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Genetic resources are of paramount importance for developing improved crop varieties, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Spot blotch (SB) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world, especially in the eastern parts of South Asia. For the management of this disease, the most effective measure is the development of resistant cultivars. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to confirm SB resistance in 200 germplasm accessions based on phenotypic observations and molecular characterization. These elite breeding lines obtained from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Mexico, are developed deploying multiple parentages. These lines were screened for SB resistance in the field under artificially created epiphytotic conditions during 2014–15 and 2015–16 along with two susceptible checks (CIANO T79 and Sonalika) and two resistant checks (Chirya 3 and Francolin). Eighty-two out of 200 germplasm accessions were found resistant to SB and resistance in these lines was confirmed with a specific SSR marker Xgwm148. Three accessions, VORONA/CNO79, KAUZ*3//DOVE/BUC and JUP/BJY//URES/3/HD2206/HORK//BUC/BUL were observed possessing better resistance than the well-known SB-resistant genotype Chirya3. These newly identified resistant lines could be used by wheat breeders for developing SB-resistant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Low soil moisture predisposes field-grown chickpea plants to dry root rot disease: evidence from simulation modeling and correlation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjita Sinha ◽  
Vadivelmurugan Irulappan ◽  
Basavanagouda S. Patil ◽  
Puli Chandra Obul Reddy ◽  
Venkategowda Ramegowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRhizoctonia bataticola causes dry root rot (DRR), a devastating disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). DRR incidence increases under water deficit stress and high temperature. However, the roles of other edaphic and environmental factors remain unclear. Here, we performed an artificial neural network (ANN)-based prediction of DRR incidence considering DRR incidence data from previous reports and weather factors. ANN-based prediction using the backpropagation algorithm showed that the combination of total rainfall from November to January of the chickpea-growing season and average maximum temperature of the months October and November is crucial in determining DRR occurrence in chickpea fields. The prediction accuracy of DRR incidence was 84.6% with the validation dataset. Field trials at seven different locations in India with combination of low soil moisture and pathogen stress treatments confirmed the impact of low soil moisture on DRR incidence under different agroclimatic zones and helped in determining the correlation of soil factors with DRR incidence. Soil phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, and clay content were positively correlated with DRR incidence, while soil silt content was negatively correlated. Our results establish the role of edaphic and other weather factors in chickpea DRR disease incidence. Our ANN-based model will allow the location-specific prediction of DRR incidence, enabling efficient decision-making in chickpea cultivation to minimize yield loss.

scholarly journals Variability in morphology and biochemical constituents in wheat germplasm with special reference to spot blotch

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-862
Author(s):  
Surdeep K. Verma ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Kishan Lal ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Almost All

Variability among 11 wheat germplasms viz. KRL 283, KRL 330, KLP 402, WH 1112, DBW 111, NW 5055, RAJ 4270, KRL 327, KRL 331, KRL 210 and KHARACHIA 65 were studied considering their morphology and the presence of bio-molecules. The results revealed that all these germplasms possess variability in terms of the mentioned parameters. The germplasm, RAJ 4270 and KRL 331 were medium in plant height with synchronous tillering habit while the majority were dwarf in nature except KHARACHIA 65. The germplasm also showed different response to spot blotch at different stages of plant growth, reflecting 11.04 - 15.40% at booting, 21.65 - 28.75 at flowering and 30.5 - 40.78 % at milking stages. Among all the germplasms, NW 5055 showed minimum disease severity, representing 11.04, 21.65 and 30.5% at booting, flowering and milking stages, respectively. The possible mechanism of resistance revealed that the presence of higher amount of total phenol and soluble protein, resulted lower disease incidence. The germplasm NW 5055 contained maximum amount of soluble protein reflecting, 30.27 mg/g at seedling, 29.54 mg/g at booting, 28.48 mg/g at flowering and 28.25 mg/g at milking stage. Similarly, total phenol content was also found maximum 2.87 mg/g at seedling, 2.73 mg/g at booting, 2.50 mg/g at flowering and 2.35 mg/g at milking stage in the same variety. Correlation between total phenol and soluble protein with disease severity at different stages of plant growth showed that there was a negative correlation in almost all the germplasms.

scholarly journals Molecular basis of resistance in wheat varieties against spot blotch disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udai Prakash Singh ◽  
Ramji Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Genotype A ◽  
Susceptible Response

During present investigation, among the six wheat genotypes tested against six isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana, the genotype BOW‘S’ showed resistance response against three isolates, namely, BS-D-1, BS-DWRK-2 and BS-K-4, whereas moderately resistance response against remaining 3 isolates i.e. BS-F-3, BS-P-5 and BS-V-6.The genotype A-9-30-1 showed almost highly susceptible response against each isolate except BS-D-1 which exhibited susceptible reaction on this genotype. Thus, it is clear that genotype BOW ‘S’ has broad genetic base for resistance, whereas genotype A-9-30-1 has no gene for resistance against these six isolates tested. Remaining five genotypes showed varying response, ranging from highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant against various isolates of B. sorokiniana tested.

scholarly journals Effect of meteorological parameters on Karnal bunt incidence in wheat under different agroclimatic zones of Punjab

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SARABJOT KAUR SANDHU ◽  
ANURAG ATTRI ◽  
RITU BALA
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Karnal Bunt ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Rainy Days

To quantify the effect of meteorological parameters on incidence of Karnal bunt in wheat crop, an investigation was done using 9 to 12 season’s data of Bathinda and Ludhiana stations of Punjab. Maximum temperature during March in range of 25-31oC, minimum temperature of February (8.5-11.0oC), morning and evening relative humidity of March in range of 85-95 and 40-60 per cent respectively, rainfall more than 25 mm with sunshine hours 5.5-9.0 hrs/day during mid February to mid March favour Karnal bunt in wheat crop. Maximum temperature of March showed significant negative correlation with incidence of Karnal bunt whereas minimum temperature of February showed significant positive correlation with disease incidence at both locations. Morning and evening relative humidity showed significant positive correlation with disease incidence. Rain amount and rainy days during mid February to mid March significantly influenced disease incidence. Sunshine hours had negative correlation with disease incidence. Backward multiple linear regression (BMLR) analysis indicated maximum temperature, rainfall and sunshine hours play significant role in Karnal bunt incidence at Ludhiana. However, at Bathinda, maximum temperature, evening time relative humidity, rain amount and rainy days played significant role.

scholarly journals Varietal Screening of Wheat against Blast Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Akter Bhuiyan ◽  
A. H. M. Mahfuzul Haque ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Gazi Tamiz Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Status ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different wheat varieties against blast disease and to observe the status of seed health of collected wheat varieties. The study was carried out under experimental field and laboratory condition at the Plant Pathology and Seed Science Department, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet during October to March (2016-2017). The seeds collected from the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore including ten different varieties, viz., BARI Gom19, BARI Gom22, BARI Gom23, BARI Gom24, BARI Gom25, BARI Gom26, BARI Gom27, BARI Gom28, BARI Gom29, BARI Gom30 were used in both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, different fungal pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizophus sp., Curvularia sp. and Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum were detected using a standard blotter method. In the field, it was found that BARI Gom28 was moderately resistant against blast. It had the lowest disease incidence (21.66%), lowest severity (30%) and also highest result in term of grain yield (5.5 t ha-1). The highest blast disease incidence (66.67%), highest severities (78.33%) and lowest grain yield (1.6 t ha-1) were found in BARI Gom26.

scholarly journals The impact of Fosetyl-Aluminium application timing on Karnal bunt suppression and economic returns of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244931
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Sagheer Atta ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Ifnan Khan ◽  
Ansar Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Karnal Bunt ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
The Impact

Fungal pathogens exert severe qualitative and quantitative damages to wheat crop. Karnal bunt of wheat caused by Tilletia indica Mitra, Mundkur is a severe threat to global food security. Nonetheless, T. indica is regulated as a quarantine pest in numerous countries, which further aggravates the situation. Tolerant varieties and appropriate management practices for Karnal bunt are imperative to meet the global wheat demands. This two-year study explored the impact of fungicide [Fosetyl-Aluminium (Aliette)] application timing on allometric traits, disease suppression and economic returns of bread wheat. Four bread wheat cultivars differing in their tolerance to Karnal bunt were used in the study. Fungicide was applied as either seed treatment (ST), foliar application at heading (FAH) or ST + FAH, whereas no application (NA) was taken as control. Lasani-08 performed better than the rest of the cultivars in terms of allometric traits (plant height, leaf area, crop growth rate, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content), yield and economic returns. Nonetheless, minimal disease severity was recorded for Lasani-08 compared to other cultivars during both years. The ST improved allometric traits of all cultivars; however, ST + FAH resulted in higher yield and economic returns. Cultivar Pasban-90 observed the highest disease severity and performed poor for allometric traits, yield and economic returns. It is concluded that ST + FAH of Fosetyl-Aluminium could be a pragmatic option to cope Karnal bunt of wheat. Nonetheless, Pasban-90 must not be used for cultivation to avoid yield and quality losses.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONDUCIVE FOR STRIPE RUST OF WHEAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Yasir Ali ◽  
Muhammad A. Khan ◽  
Muhammad Atiq ◽  
Waseem Sabir ◽  
Arslan Hafeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Wheat Diseases

Wheat rusts are the significant diseases of wheat crop and potential threats worldwide. Among all major wheat diseases occurring in all wheat growing areas of the world, yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is a big hazard when it occurs in severe condition. The susceptible germplasm and conducive environmental conditions contribute towards wide outbreak of rust diseases. In the present study, eight wheat lines were screened out and correlated with epidemiological factors (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed). Results showed that maximum disease severity was observed at minimum and maximum temperature ranging from 13.7-16.7 and 23.5-27.65 0C respectively. Their disease severity was increased with increase in relative humidity ranging from 52-64 %. Similarly, rain fall ranging from 5.7-21.99 mm and wind speed 6.88-11.73 km/h respectively proved conducive for yellow rust development in Sargodha. A positive correlation was observed between disease severity and all environmental factors.

Man's artificial glacier—a way forward toward water harvesting for pre and post sowing irrigation to facilitate early sowing of wheat in cold arid Himalayan deserts of Ladakh

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 363-372
Author(s):  
S. R. Dar ◽  
Chewang Norphel ◽  
Mohd Mehdi Akhoon ◽  
K. A. Zargar ◽  
Nazeer Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Locally Grown

AbstractUnavailability of irrigation water for early sowing has remained a constant problem in cold arid deserts of Ladakh. In order to get a solution to this problem, a 2-yr farmers’ participatory research trial with best bet agronomic management on artificial glacier water harvesting technology was conducted. The technology involves collecting water from natural glaciers that melt during late December. The water is diverted toward a shed constructed with stone embankments set up at regular intervals. The area is chosen where there is minimum interference of solar radiation, generally between two mountain slopes or ridge that is on the leeward side. The melted water is that melts from the natural glacier impeded by the embankments and get frozen here. This frozen water starts melting in late March and is used for both pre sowing and initial crop water requirement. It also ensures early sowing of wheat by creating additional 45-day window which leads to introduction of long- and medium-duration wheat varieties to replace decades old locally grown short-duration varieties. The work was initiated with a benchmark survey of 100 farmers to get an understanding of present irrigation scenario, crop management practices and date of sowing. Data from 99 farmer participating trial of wheat conducted after or from bench mark survey clearly indicated that the effect of water shortage can be seen on yield and yield attributing characters due to unavailability of pre sowing irrigation and water requirement at imperative growth stages and may also lead to terminal heat stress in wheat crop. Out of total number of irrigations applied, initial two irrigations can be compensated by artificial glacier water harvesting technique, leading to a revolution in the agriculture scenario of the tribal population by introduction of long- and medium-duration wheat varieties in cold arid desert of Ladakh for the very first time. It was observed that wheat seeding done in first fortnight of April gave better yields in comparison to late seeded wheat. Moreover, the long-duration varieties (LDVs) or medium-duration varieties (MDVs) sown under late condition gave better yield in comparison to locally grown short-duration varieties sown at same time. Yield potential of LDVs and MDVs of wheat under late sowing was found quite low in comparison to early-sown wheat, still when compared with the performance of locally grown wheat the yields were more even if the local varieties were sown early. The outcome of this study will help the farmers of tribal, cold arid community in harvesting better wheat yields by timely sowing of the wheat crop accompanied with better bet agronomic management practices. Government initiative is further required to ensure better outreach of complete crop management strategies to the tribal farming community of the region in order to ensure food security and improve their socioeconomic status.

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