scholarly journals Investigation on Effect of Solution Temperature on The Structure of Cu/Ni Layer in The Electroplating Assisted withParallel Magnetic Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
M Taufiqurrahman ◽  
Moh. Toifur ◽  
Ishafit Ishafit ◽  
Azmi Khusnani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Field Parallel

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi pengaruh variasi suhu larutan terhadap struktur lapisan yang terbentuk melalui metode elektroplating. Larutan elektrolit dibuat dengan campuran NiSO4, NiCL2,H3BO3, dan H2O. Elektroplating dilakukan selama 180 s dengan tegangan 4,5 V dan medan magnet 150 G pada arah sejajar permukaan katoda-anoda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu mempengaruhi ketebalan lapisan, arus listrik, jumlah zat yang terlepas dan terbentuk dan pH larutan. Lapisan paling tebal adalah sampel hasil deposisi pada suhu 40°C dengan ketebalan [(133,8 ± 0,9745)´ 10-5] cm pada pH 4,21. Kemudian yang paling tipis adalah sampel hasil deposisi pada suhu 60°C dengan ketebalan [(59,83 ± 0,6270) x 10-5] cm pada pH 4,18. Ketebalan lapisan yang terbentuk sebanding dengan jumlah zat terlarut dan jumlah arus yang mengalir selama pelapisan berlangsung. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of temperature variations on the structure of the layers formed through the electroplating method. Electrolyte solution was made with mixture of NiSO4, NiCL2,H3BO3, and H2O. Electroplating was carried out for 180 s on the voltage of 4.5 V and magnetic field parallel to 150 G. The results showed temperature affects the thickness of the layer, electric current, the amount of released and formed substances and the pH of the solution. The thicknest of layer is according to the sample deposited at a temperature of 40°C with a thickness of [(133,8 ± 0,9745)x 10-5] cm at pH of 4.21. Then the thinnest one was according to the sample which was deposited at 60°C with a thickness of [(59,83 ± 0,6270) x 10-5] cm at pH of 4.18. The thickness of the layer is proportional to the amount of solute and the amount of current flowing during the coating. Keywords: Elektroplating, Flim Tipis, Cu/Ni, Suhu Larutan, Magnet Sejajar.

Polarimetric and photometric observations of CB54, with analysis of four other dark clouds

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (4) ◽  
pp. 5274-5290
Author(s):  
A K Sen ◽  
V B Il’in ◽  
M S Prokopjeva ◽  
R Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Photometric Data ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Dark Cloud ◽  
Dark Clouds ◽  
High Polarization ◽  
Field Parallel ◽  
Photometric Observations

ABSTRACT We present the results of our BVR-band photometric and R-band polarimetric observations of ∼40 stars in the periphery of the dark cloud CB54. From different photometric data, we estimate E(B − V) and E(J − H). After involving data from other sources, we discuss the extinction variations towards CB54. We reveal two main dust layers: a foreground, E(B − V) ≈ 0.1 mag, at ∼200 pc and an extended layer, $E(B-V) \gtrsim 0.3$ mag, at ∼1.5 kpc. CB54 belongs to the latter. Based on these results, we consider the reason for the random polarization map that we have observed for CB54. We find that the foreground is characterized by low polarization ($P \lesssim 0.5$ per cent) and a magnetic field parallel to the Galactic plane. The extended layer shows high polarization (P up to 5–7 per cent). We suggest that the field in this layer is nearly perpendicular to the Galactic plane and both layers are essentially inhomogeneous. This allows us to explain the randomness of polarization vectors around CB54 generally. The data – primarily observed by us in this work for CB54, by A. K. Sen and colleagues in previous works for three dark clouds CB3, CB25 and CB39, and by other authors for a region including the B1 cloud – are analysed to explore any correlation between polarization, the near-infrared, E(J − H), and optical, E(B − V), excesses, and the distance to the background stars. If polarization and extinction are caused by the same set of dust particles, we should expect good correlations. However, we find that, for all the clouds, the correlations are not strong.

scholarly journals The effect of simplifications of a numerical mesh on the results of electromagnetic analysis of the Nuclotron-type cable

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tomków
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electric Current Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Single Region ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The model of a single Nuclotron-type cable is presented. The goal of this model is to assess the behaviour of the cable under different loads. Two meshes with different simplifications are applied. In the first case, the superconductor in the cable is modelled as single region. Second mesh considers individual strands of the cable. The significant differences between the distributions of the electric current density obtained with both models are observed. The magnetic field remains roughly similar.

Effect of temperature on the thermodynamic density of states in a quantizing magnetic field

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1287-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gulyamov ◽  
U. I. Erkaboev ◽  
N. Yu. Sharibaev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Density Of States ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Quantizing Magnetic Field

Temperature Sensitivity Analysis of Extended Source Double Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmender Nishad ◽  
Kaushal Nigam ◽  
Satyendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Double Gate ◽  
Extended Source ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Tunnel Field Effect Transistor

Abstract Temperature-induced performance variation is one of the main concerns of the conventional stack gate oxide double gate tunnel field-effect transistor (SGO-DG-TFET). In this regard, we investigate the temperature sensitivity of extended source double gate tunnel field-effect transistor (ESDG-TFET). For this, we have analyzed the effect of temperature variations on the transfer characteristics, analog/RF, linearity and distortion figure of merits (FOMs) using technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations. Further, the temperature sensitivity performance is compared with conventional SGO-DG-TFET. The comparative analysis shows that ESDG-TFET is less sensitive to temperature variations compared to the conventional SGO-DG-TFET. Therefore, this indicates that ESDG-TFET is more reliable for low-power, high-frequency applications at a higher temperature compared to conventional SGO-DG-TFET.

Shear-layers in magnetohydrodynamic spherical Couette flow with conducting walls

2010 ◽  
Vol 645 ◽  
pp. 145-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. SOWARD ◽  
E. DORMY
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Shear Layer ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
Free Shear Layer ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Current Leakage ◽  
Axisymmetric Motion ◽  
Relative Conductance

We consider the steady axisymmetric motion of an electrically conducting fluid contained within a spherical shell and permeated by a centred axial dipole magnetic field, which is strong as measured by the Hartmann number M. Slow axisymmetric motion is driven by rotating the inner boundary relative to the stationary outer boundary. For M ≫ 1, viscous effects are only important in Hartmann boundary layers adjacent to the inner and outer boundaries and a free shear-layer on the magnetic field line that is tangent to the outer boundary on the equatorial plane of symmetry. We measure the ability to leak electric current into the solid boundaries by the size of their relative conductance ɛ. Since the Hartmann layers are sustained by the electric current flow along them, the current inflow from the fluid mainstream needed to feed them increases in concert with the relative conductance, because of the increasing fraction ℒ of the current inflow leaked directly into the solids. Therefore the nature of the flow is sensitive to the relative sizes of ɛ−1 and M.The current work extends an earlier study of the case of a conducting inner boundary and an insulating outer boundary with conductance ɛo = 0 (Dormy, Jault & Soward, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 452, 2002, pp. 263–291) to other values of the outer boundary conductance. Firstly, analytic results are presented for the case of perfectly conducting inner and outer boundaries, which predict super-rotation rates Ωmax of order M1/2 in the free shear-layer. Successful comparisons are made with numerical results for both perfectly and finitely conducting boundaries. Secondly, in the case of a finitely conducting outer boundary our analytic results show that Ωmax is O(M1/2) for ɛo−1 ≪ 1 ≪ M3/4, O(ɛo2/3M1/2) for 1 ≪ ɛo−1 ≪ M3/4 and O(1) for 1 ≪ M3/4 ≪ ɛo−1. On increasing ɛo−1 from zero, substantial electric current leakage into the outer boundary, ℒo ≈ 1, occurs for ɛo−1 ≪ M3/4 with the shear-layer possessing the character appropriate to a perfectly conducting outer boundary. When ɛo−1 = O(M3/4) the current leakage is blocked near the equator, and the nature of the shear-layer changes. So, when M3/4 ≪ ɛo−1, the shear-layer has the character appropriate to an insulating outer boundary. More precisely, over the range M3/4 ≪ ɛo−1 ≪ M the blockage spreads outwards, reaching the pole when ɛo−1 = O(M). For M ≪ ɛo−1 current flow into the outer boundary is completely blocked, ℒo ≪ 1.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Pyrolysis Time in Liquid Smoke Production from Dried Water Hyacinth

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor ◽  
Time Variables

This study aimed to investigate the use of water hyacinth to produce liquid smoke. The study observes the temperature and time variables of yield, pH, density, and refractive index in the production of liquid smoke from water hyacinth. The sequence of the work is as follows: first, water hyacinth was cut into 5 cm sections and then sun-dried for 2–3 d, depending on the weather. Next, 550 g of dried water hyacinth was added to the pyrolysis reactor. The temperature variations were 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C, and the time variations were 1, 4, and 7 h. As a result, liquid smoke was produced with varying yield, pH, densities, and refractive indices. The best results in this research are liquid smoke pyrolysis at a temperature of 400°C and 4 h with the acquisition of a yield of 93 mL, pH 2–4, a density of 1.080,8 gr/mL, and a refractive index of 1.339,6, with chemical component 41.45% total acid, 2.44% phenol and 56.10% carbonyl.

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