scholarly journals Kebijakan Pangan dan Tradisi Lokal (Studi tentang Dampak Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pangan Daging terhadap Keberadaan Tradisi Uwer di Kabupaten Gayo Lues)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akhyar Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Food Policies ◽  
Livestock Systems

As a basic necessity, the availability of foodstuffs requires the state to be involved in its fulfillment through regulation. In carrying out of the functions, the state also makes regulations on other aspects. That condition, sometimes, raises contradictory things at the stage of implementation, especially at the local level. Culturally, the system of the food supply of proteins sourced from buffalo practiced by many tribes in Indonesia including by the Gayo community in Gayo Lues District. In Gayo, the system of traditional buffalo farms is called Uwer. It is interesting to see how the food policy has contributed to the local cattle tradition. This is the problem in this study. As a preliminary study result, data on research gathered through work fields and literature studies. Results of the study showed that there are many food policies at the national level that directly or indirectly contribute to the existence of traditional livestock patterns including farms that are practiced by the Gayo community. On its development, the Gayo community has also made modifications to the Uwer system to response the social and cultural changes. If not accompanied by protection and conservation efforts, local buffalo livestock systems that reloaded with local wisdom values will potentially lose or abandoned by the public.AsbtrakSebagai kebutuhan dasar, ketersediaan bahan pangan mengharuskan negara terlibat dalam pemenuhannya yang diwujukan melalui regulasi. Hanya saja dalam menjalankan fungsinya negara juga membuat regulasi tentang aspek lainnya. Kondisi demikian, adakalanya memunculkan hal yang kontradiktif pada tahap implementasi terutama di tingkat lokal. Secara kultural, sistem penyediaan bahan pangan protein hewani bersumber dari kerbau telah dipraktekkan oleh banyak suku di Indonesia termasuk oleh masyarakat Gayo di Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Di Gayo, sistem peternakan kerbau tradisional disebut dengan uwer. Menjadi hal yang menarik melihat bagaimana kebijakan pangan yang ada ikut memengaruhi tradisi beternak di tingkat lokal. Inilah yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam studi ini. Hasil studi awal memperlihatkan bahwa ada banyak regulasi pangan di tingkat nasional yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung ikut mempengaruhi eksistensi pola peternakan tradisional termasuk peternakan yang dipraktekkan oleh masyarakat Gayo, yang dikenal dengan uwer. Dalam perkembangannya, masyarakat gayo juga melakukan modifikasi pada sistem uwer guna menyiasati perubahan sosidal dan budaya. Jika tidak dibarengi dengan upaya proteksi dan konservasi, sistem peternakan kerbau lokal yang sarat akan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal akan berpotensi hilang atau ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat.

URBAN FOOTBALL PERFORMANCES: PLAYING FOR THE NEIGHBOURHOOD IN SENEGAL, 1950s–2000s

Africa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Baller
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Social Space ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTIn Senegal, neighbourhood football teams are more popular than teams in the national football league. The so-called navétanes teams were first created in the 1950s. Since the early 1970s, they have competed in local, regional and national neighbourhood championships. This article considers the history of these clubs and their championships by focusing on the city of Dakar and its fast-growing suburbs, Pikine and Guédiawaye. Research on the navétanes allows an exploration of the social and cultural history of the neighbourhoods from the actor-centred perspective of urban youth. The history of the navétanes reflects the complex interrelations between young people, the city and the state. The performative act of football – on and beyond the pitch, by players, fans and organizers – constitutes the neighbourhood as a social space in a context where the state fails to provide sufficient infrastructure and is often contested. The navétanes clubs and championships demonstrate how young people have experienced and imagined their neighbourhoods in different local-level ways, while at the same time interconnecting them with other social spaces, such as the ‘city’, the ‘nation’ and ‘the world’.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS REGULATION MECHANISM IN THE UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Viktor Nyzhnyk ◽  
Oleh Rudyk
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Local

The study is devoted to the substantiation of the basic components of the mechanism of regulation of social and labor relations in the united territorial communities of Ukraine. The article analyzes the research on the role of the state and local governments in regulating and developing social and labor relations at the local level. The leading world concepts in regulating social and labor relations have been characterized. The purpose and role of local self- government bodies in regulating social and labor relations have been defined. The basic scientific approaches to the concept of “community development” have been investigated. Based on the research, the basic components of the mechanisms of regulation of social and labor relations in the united territorial communities have been identified and their characteristics have been given.

scholarly journals Participation in the Management of a Peri-Urban Protected Forest in Northern Côte d'Ivoire: Case of the Mount Korhogo Classified Forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
N'guessan Simon Andon ◽  
Kouadio Augustin Alla ◽  
Kouacou Jean-Marie Atta
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Management Consultation

The evolution of tropical forest deforestation in Côte d'Ivoire is very alarming. From 16 million hectares in 1900, the area increased to 9 million hectares in 1965 to less than 2.5 million hectares in 2016. Even forests protected by the State of Côte d'Ivoire are not spared while peri-urban protected forests are the most exposed. The finding reveals many shortcomings in the state monopoly of protected area management. Yet, elsewhere in Africa, many experiences of participatory management have shown significant advances in protection and their introduction in Côte d'Ivoire from 1990. To understand the effectiveness of this new consultation framework adopted as a management tool, national policies and locally adopted strategies on the Mount Korhogo classified forest in northern Côte d'Ivoire have been analyzed. Results show a failure of participation at the national level since 1996 and a lack of participation at the local level. Despite the establishment of a local committee for forest defense and fight against bush fires, the lack of consultation undermines the proper functioning of this organization, thus leading to the exacerbation of deforestation. Mount Korhogo Classified Forest.Keywords: participatory management, consultation framework, protected forest, urbanization, deforestation

scholarly journals A socio-historical approach to policy analysis: the case of the Brazilian Workers’ Food Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamacy Costa-Souza ◽  
Ligia Maria Vieira-da-Silva ◽  
Patrice Pinell
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Administrative Policy ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Commercial Market

Abstract: Policy analyses based on traditional or structuralist definitions of the state are important, but they have some limitations for explaining processes related to policymaking, implementation, and results. Bourdieusian sociology links the analysis to objective and subjective dimensions of social practices and can help elucidate these phenomena. This article provides such empirical evidence by analyzing the social genesis of a Brazilian policy that currently serves 18 million workers and was established by the state in 1976 through the Fiscal Incentives Program for Workers’ Nutrition (PIFAT/PAT). The study linked the analysis of the trajectory of social agents involved in the policy’s formulation to the historical conditions that allowed the policy to exist in the first place. Although the literature treats the policy as a workers’ food program (PAT), the current study showed that it actually represented a new model for paying financial subsidies to companies that provided food to their employees, meanwhile upgrading the commercial market for collective meals. The study further showed that the program emerged as an administrative policy, but linked to economic agents. The program became a specific social space in which issues related to workers’ nutrition became secondary, but useful for disguising what had been an explicit side of its genesis, namely its essentially fiscal nature.

scholarly journals The implications of oil theft on social and economic development in the Niger Delta

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Titilayo Soremi
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Rentier State ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Social

The emergence of the exploration of crude oil in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, has awarded the region worldwide renown as the economic  backbone of the country, but also as a conflict flashpoint. Drawing from the propositions of the resource curse theory, the paper identifies Nigeria’s  rentier state structure as the underlining cause linked to the citing of conflict and corruption, as the reasons for the occurrence of oil theft in the Niger Delta. Also, the Dutch disease is identified as an economic explanation of the resource curse theory, and this is used to identify the economic  implications of oil theft in the Niger Delta at the national level. In addition, the rentier state structure is used to identify the social implications of the occurrence of oil theft at the local level in the Niger Delta region. The paper posits that economic implications include reduced revenue, increased  unemployment, and diversification of the economy. The social implications also include sustained conflict, curbed social development, and  displacement of persons. To combat the illegal practice of oil theft, it is recommended that transparency and accountability should be adhered to in the relations among government, oil-producing communities and multinational corporations. Keywords: Niger Delta, oil theft, resource curse, sustainable development, security and conflict

scholarly journals The Response of National and Local Portuguese Government Authorities to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fernando Almeida ◽  
José Augusto Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Protection

AbstractCOVID-19 has caused in Portugal an enormous economic, financial, and social challenge that must be answered by the national and local Portuguese government authorities. Several support measures have been launched to protect businesses, economic sustainability, and employment levels. At the national level, projects with greater economic emphasis are highlighted, which aim to support companies and their workers. The most noteworthy are measures relegated to simplified lay-off, social protection for individuals in isolation or with illness, and support for the payment of basic expenses such as electricity, water, and gas. Also, on this level, measures concerning teleworking and school at home through television have changed the daily lives of families. At the local level, there was a greater emphasis on the social dimension. The role played by local authorities and local councils in stimulating the local business community and supporting the creation of volunteer banks, the delivery of food and medicines, and the production of goods for individual protection was highlighted.

THE SOCIAL ECONOMY SECTOR AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE INCLUSION OF MARGINALIZED AND SOCIALLY EXCLUDED – A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 564 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zdzisława Janowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of the social economy sector for local development. The social economy sector is bringing together various entities and is activating socially and professionally marginalized and excluded groups. Its proper functioning is an example of social inclusion, which is the slogan of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The guarantee of success is the local government applying a strategy for active social policy. The government should be the initiator and ally of changes aimed at strengthening social inclusion at the local level. Therefore, it should create favorable conditions for the emergence and functioning of social economy entities. It can act as their founder, but also as the ordering party of services (socially responsible procurement). In this way, the government becomes an advocate of the interests of socially excluded groups. Finally, it can be the initiator of establishing cooperation with business. Unfortunately, the research conducted in Poland on this issue, as well as my own experience managing a social cooperative, highlight serious discrepancies between the ideal state and reality. The spending of European funds for many years for the purpose of social inclusion are disproportionate to the achieved results. This study will present the barriers which inhibit the development of the social economy at the local level as well as at the national level and will indicate ways to overcome them.

Political Dynasticism: Networks, Trust, Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Engelsen Ruud ◽  
Kenneth Bo Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Use Case ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Local Levels

Political dynasticism is a persuasive phenomenon in South Asia. Yet, while political dynasticism has received ample attention at the national level, it has been almost systematically overlooked at the regional and local levels. In this article, we argue that political dynasticism at the local level is driven by conditions that are in crucial ways different from those that animate national politics. We use case studies and insights from the available literature both within and beyond South Asia to argue that, in a comparative light, three main elements stand out: reciprocity, trust, and failure. By zooming in on these elements we seek to explain political dynasticism as a political phenomenon that is enabled by particular conditions in the polity, and especially the nature of the state. These, we argue, help foment a dynamic within which political dynasticism is an understandable outcome.

Similar Pressures, Different Contexts: Public Attitudes toward Government Intervention for Health Care in 21 Nations

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeko Kikuzawa ◽  
Sigrun Olafsdottir ◽  
Bernice A. Pescosolido
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Socialization ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Government Involvement

Health care systems worldwide are experiencing similar pressures such as rising cost, aging populations, and increased burden of disease. While policy makers in all countries face these challenges, their responses must consider local pressures, particularly the implicit social contract between the state, medicine, and insurers. We argue that public attitudes provide a window into the social context in which policy decisions are embedded. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), we compare public attitudes toward government involvement in health care in 21 countries, testing the associations between various nationallevel variables (e.g., health care expenditures, aging of population, health care traditions) and public opinions. Specifically, we posit four national-level hypotheses (“health care traditions,” “expenditure crisis,” “demographic crisis,” “changing disease profile crisis”), one individual-level hypothesis (“individual vulnerability”), and two cross-level hypotheses (“cultural socialization” and “health care need”). Our findings indicate that public attitudes cluster around the historical organization of health care, but also relate to current economic and demographic realities. Individuals in countries adopting the “National Health Service Model” (the state directly provides health care but complete state control is absent) or the “Centralized Model” (the state directly provides health care and has much control) are more supportive of government involvement in health care than those in the “Insurance Model” (the state is limited to maintenance of the system) countries. However, citizens in countries currently spending more on health care and having a greater burden of chronic illness are less supportive. Our results cast doubt on arguments that increased cost will result in a questioning of the contract between the state and citizens in the social provision of health care. We end by discussing implications for recent work in political sociology that highlights the importance of public attitudes.

Housing precarity and advanced marginality in the UK

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Kelly Bogue
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Dissatisfaction ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
Housing Benefit ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Urban Marginality ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents concluding remarks about the impacts of the Bedroom Tax. It reflects on the processes through which housing insecurity is generated and how this is playing a central role in increasing urban marginality. It does so by drawing on studies about rising housing precarity and homelessness to consider how both the social and private housing sectors have been responding to reductions in housing benefit. This chapter argues that we need to re-consider how and in what ways the struggles over housing are being played out at the local level and how this can generate divisions in and between different groups. Particularly when people are re-negotiating a welfare state that is undergoing deep systematic reorganisation. It considers the relationship between austerity policies and their role in creating political dissatisfaction with the state of UK politics. Especially in areas where the full impact of austerity measures have been felt.

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