scholarly journals Perbandingan Arachis pintoi dengan Tanaman Kacang-kacangan Penutup Tanah Lain dalam Menekan Laju Erosi pada Lahan Kelapa Sawit Berbukit

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Arif Sarjono ◽  
Dwi Guntoro ◽  
Dan Supijatno
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

Land preparation of oil palm plantation in hilly areas is vulnerable to environmental degradation. Legume cover crops can be used in vegetation system for soil conservation to control erotion. Arachis pintoi is a legume potential for cover crop. The objective of the research was to study the role of A. pintoi in suppressing soil erosion rate in oil palm land with the topography of hilly land. The research was conducted on the land of Bukit Kemuning farmer group, Mersam, Batanghari, Jambi with an average slope of 22.8% from September 2017 to March 2018. The experimental design used was a single-factor randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of natural vegetation, Arachis pintoi, Centrosema pubescens, Pueraria javanica and Calopogonium mucunoides. The results showed that the rate of increased leaf number of A. pintoi was 13.6 pieces per week and could cover the ground surface 100% at 20 weeks after planting (WAP). The dry weight of A. pintoi biomass was 496.08 g m-2 at 20 WAP. A. pintoi suppressed soil erosion by 80.45% as compared to natural vegetation treatment. However, it was not significantly different on suppression rates to other biomulch treatments.Keywords: biomass, Calopogonium mucunoides, Centrosema pubescens, land cover crop, Pueraria javanica

scholarly journals The Roles of Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson and Ridge Terrace in Reducing Soil Erosion and Nutrient Losses in Oil Palm Plantation in South Lampung, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenni Asbur ◽  
Sudirman Yahya ◽  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Sudradjat Sudradjat ◽  
Edy Sigit Sutarta Sigit Sutarta
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Asystasia Gangetica

Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson is a weed commonly found on oil palm plantations and can be used as cover crop for mature oil palm plantations due to its tolerance to shading. The use of cover crop is  a soil conservation technique to support sustainable availability of soil nutrients by reducing erosion and nutrients loss, particularly during the rainy seasons. This research aims to determine the roles of A. gangetica as cover crop for measures against erosion and nutrients loss in mature oil palm plantation. This research was conducted in oil palm plantation, Unit Rejosari, PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VII, District of Natar, South Lampung Regency from August 2014 to April 2015. The research used split block design in randomized complete block design with two factors and six replications. The main plots were ridge terrace, namely with and without ridge terrace. The sub plots were cover crops, namely with and without cover crops A. gangetica. The results show that using A. gangetica as cover crops in mature oil palm plantations effectively minimized erosion and loss of organic C, N, P, and K by 95.7%, 93.4%, 96.0%, and 90.0 %, respectively. The use of cover crop became more effective when combined with ridge terrace and reduced erosion by 94.1% and loss of organic C, N, P and K by 99.1%, 99.2%, 90.0% and 98.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals The Role of Biomulch Arachis pintoi In Increasing Soil Infiltration Rate on Sloping Land of Oil Palm Plantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Arif Sarjono ◽  
Dwi Guntoro ◽  
Supijatno Supijatno
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Sloping Land

The slope of land in oil palm plantation areas is the one of the primary causes of low soil water content due to low rates of soil infiltration. Biomulch is one of the conservation methods that can be used to cover and shield the soil from weeds, prevent soil erosion, and increase the rate of soil infiltration. Arachis pintoi is a perennial, stoloniferous legume crop that has potentials to be used as biomulch. The objective of the research was to study the role of Arachis pintoi in increasing the rate of soil infiltration on a sloping land of oil palm plantation. The research was conducted on the slope land (22.8%) of the Bukit Kemuning Farmer Group, Mersam, Batanghari, Jambi, Indonesia (01036'21", 102057'11") from September 2017 to March 2018. The environmental design used in this study was a one-factor randomized block design (RBD) with five ground cover treatments, i.e. natural vegetation, Arachis pintoi, Centrosema pubescens, Pueraria javanica and Calopogonium mucunoides. The results showed that the average growth rate of A. pintoi was 2.47 cm per week, which was lower than the growth of other treatments. The root length of A. pintoi was 50.36 cm at 20 weeks after planting. A. pintoi can be used as biomulch; sloping land planted with A. pintoi had an infiltration rate of  49.30 cm per hour at 20 week after planting, i.e. an increase of 32.47% compared to the infiltration rate with the natural vegetation.Keywords: land cover crop, Centrosema pubescens, Pueraria javanica, Calopogonium mucunoides

scholarly journals Cover Crop Contributions to Improve the Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Sequestration in Almond Orchards (SW Spain)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Repullo-Ruibérriz de Torres ◽  
Manuel Moreno-García ◽  
Rafaela Ordóñez-Fernández ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana ◽  
Belén Cárceles Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Sw Spain ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Almond Orchards ◽  
Shallow Soils

Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill. [D.A. Webb]) is the third most widely spread crop in Spain and has traditionally been cultivated in marginal areas and shallow soils under rainfed conditions. However, it recently has been progressively introduced in flat irrigated areas. The implementation of cover crops in the inter-rows of woody crops has been proven as a suitable strategy to reduce the runoff and soil erosion but they also can boost soil quality and health. A field experiment was conducted during two-monitoring seasons to examine the soil nitrogen and carbon sequestration potential of three seeded cover crops [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and a mixture of 65% barley and 35% vetch] and a control of spontaneous flora in irrigated almond orchards (SW Spain). Here, we show that barley provided the highest biomass amount, followed by mixture covers, vetch, and the control treatment. Also, vetch covered the soil faster in the growing stage, but its residues were decomposed easier than barley and mixture treatments during the decomposition period after mowing, providing less soil protection when the risk of water erosion with autumn rainfall is high. On the other hand, vetch improved soil nitrate content by over 35% with respect to barley and mixture treatments at 0–20 cm soil depth throughout the studied period. In addition, a greater carbon input to the soil was determined in the barley plot. That is, the mixture and barley cover crops had higher potential for carbon sequestration, augmenting the soil organic carbon by more than 1.0 Mg ha−1 during the study period. Thus, taking into consideration the findings of the present experiment, the establishment of a seeded cover crop would be more advisable than spontaneous flora to mitigate soil erosion, enhancing soil fertility and carbon sequestration in irrigated almond plantations in Mediterranean semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Cover Crops on Light Extinction and Weed Coverage in Sunflower Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hassannejad ◽  
A.R. Mobli
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Cover

Abstract In order to evaluate the effects of some cover crops on extinction coefficient and weed cover percentage in sunflower, a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replicates at the Agricultural Research Station, Tabriz University of Iran, during growing season 2012-2013. Treatments were triticale, hairy vetch, rapeseed, triticale + hairy vetch, triticale + rapeseed, hairy vetch + rapeseed, application of trifluralin herbicide, and controls (weed infested and weed free without planting cover crop). Result indicated than once established, living mulches can rapidly occupy the open space between the rows of the main crop and use the light that would otherwise be available to weeds. In the all cover crops treatments, the light extinction coefficient was increased and weed cover percentage was reduced. Highest reduction in total weed species was observed in hairy vetch + rapeseed and triticale + rapeseed cover crop 61.92% and 61.43 %, respectively, compared to weed infested, so this treatment was better than trifluralin application. It concluded that cover crops could be considered as integrated strategies for weed sustainable management.

scholarly journals Effect of Wheat Cover Crop and Split Nitrogen Application on Corn Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladapo Adeyemi ◽  
Reza Keshavarz-Afshar ◽  
Emad Jahanzad ◽  
Martin Leonardo Battaglia ◽  
Yuan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Application ◽  
Use Efficiency

Corn (Zea mays L.) grain is a major commodity crop in Illinois and its production largely relies on timely application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Currently, growers in Illinois and other neighboring states in the U.S. Midwest use the maximum return to N (MRTN) decision support system to predict corn N requirements. However, the current tool does not factor in implications of integrating cover crops into the rotation, which has recently gained attention among growers due to several ecosystem services associated with cover cropping. A two-year field trail was conducted at the Agronomy Research Center in Carbondale, IL in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate whether split N application affects nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of corn with and without a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop. A randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements and four replicates was used. Main plots were cover crop treatments (no cover crop (control) compared to a wheat cover crop) and subplots were N timing applications to the corn: (1) 168 kg N ha−1 at planting; (2) 56 kg N ha−1 at planting + 112 kg N ha−1 at sidedress; (3) 112 kg N ha−1 at planting + 56 kg N ha−1 at sidedress; and (4) 168 kg N ha−1 at sidedress along with a zero-N control as check plot. Corn yield was higher in 2018 than 2019 reflecting more timely precipitation in that year. In 2018, grain yield declined by 12.6% following the wheat cover crop compared to no cover crop control, indicating a yield penalty when corn was preceded with a wheat cover crop. In 2018, a year with timely and sufficient rainfall, there were no yield differences among N treatments and N balances were near zero. In 2019, delaying the N application improved NUE and corn grain yield due to excessive rainfall early in the season reflecting on N losses which was confirmed by lower N balances in sidedressed treatments. Overall, our findings suggest including N credit for cereals in MRTN prediction model could help with improved N management in the Midwestern United States.

scholarly journals Epigeal fauna and soil attributes in a cover-cropped organic vegetable system

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Santana de Lima ◽  
Dérique Biassi ◽  
Cyndi dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Priscila Silva Matos ◽  
Lucas Vasconcelos Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Forest Site

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the effect of cover crop biomass on the epigeal fauna of an organic eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cropping system. A randomized block design was used, with four cover crop treatments: brachiaria, crotalaria, millet, and cocktail (brachiaria, crotalaria and millet). The epigeal faunal indices were determined at each plot. The epigeal fauna of a secondary forest site was also assessed for comparison. Epigeal individuals were collected using pitfall traps at two sampling periods (110 and 180 days after mowing cover crops). Soil samples were collected for determination of physical and chemic properties. 2032 individuals were captured in the first sampling and 3806 individuals in the second. The highest values of wealth in the first collection were observed in the millet and cocktail areas. Cluster analysis showed similarity of epigeal faunal groups between millet and brachiaria plots at the first sampling and between cocktail and crotalaria sites at the second sampling. Co-inertia analysis showed a significant covariance between epigeal fauna at the second sampling and soil properties. The cover crops management had a beneficial influence on the activity, wealth and ecological indexes, in both sampling periods. The positive association observed between epigeal faunal groups and soil physical and chemical properties demonstrates the efficiency of cover crops in improving soil quality in organic cropping systems.

scholarly journals 578 How Much Cover Crop Affects Plant Growth and Yield Components in `Selva' and `Totem' Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in the Establishment Year

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 546C-546
Author(s):  
Braja B. Datta ◽  
Ray D. William
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference

Field experiment on production systems of `Selva' day-neutral and `Totem' June-bearing strawberry was established in 1995 on the spring-killed cover crop mulched plots using randomized complete-block design. Seven soil cover treatments consisted of `Wheeler' rye (Secale cereale) and `Micah' and `Steptoe' barley (Hordium vulgare), `Micah' residue applied on soil surface, a wedge of perlite (artificial medium) placed next to strawberry row, perlite with `Wheeler' rye, and no treatment were used. During the early summer, cover crops were replanted between strawberry rows and mowed down after 6 weeks. In both cultivars, plant growth doubled during mid-summer, and `Micah'on surface produced better growth than the growth in other treatments. No significant difference was found on CO2 assimilation rate (mmol·m–2·s–1), leaflet length, and number of leaves and runners among treatments (P ≥ 0.1). Yield of `Totem' was ignored during the establishment year. In `Selva', `Micah' residue on surface produced 36% more crowns per plant and the greatest total yield than that of any other treatment. `Micah' on surface produced 50% more shoot biomass and 45% greater yield compared to `Micah' barley planted in the plot. Total `Selva' yield was 61% greater in perlite treatment than the yield in perlite with `Wheeler' rye and 31% greater than the control treatment. Comparison of `Selva' strawberry total yield and average fruit production between cover crops vs. control treatment using non-orthogonal contrast indicated no significant difference might suggests no detrimental interaction between cover crops and strawberry.

scholarly journals Evaluation of four pasture legumes species as forages and cover crops in oil palm plantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Rijanto Hutasoit
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Pasture Legumes

Pasture legumes is a very high quality of forage. The limited land is the problem of its development. Integration with oil palm plantations is one of the potentials for its development. This study was aimed to investigate the productivity of several legumes (Arachis glabrata, Stylosanthes guianensis, Clitoria ternatea, and Chamaecrista rotundifolia) as forages and cover crop. The potential tests were conducted in oil palm area of 4608 m<sup>2</sup>, in a complete block design with four treatments (legume species) and three replications. Parameters observed were: Legum production, leaf/stem ratio, chemical composition of legume, concentration of N, P in the soil, microbes in the soil, leguminous digestibility and palm fruit production. Results showed that the highest legume production (DM) was (P&lt;0.05) in the species of Clitoria ternatea (16.15 tons ha-1year-1), the highest leaf/stem ratio (P&lt;0.05) was in the Arachis glabrata (2.09). The chemical composition (DM) did not differ (P&gt;0.05) ranged from 33.75 to 35.75%, the organic matter (OM) varied greatly (P&lt;0.05) the highets was in Clitoria ternatea. The highest Crude protein (P&lt;0.05) was in Clitoria ternatea 17.84%. NDF concentrations did not differ (P&gt;0.05). The lowest ADF concentration (P&lt;0.05) was in Chamaecrista rotundifolia. The concentration of N in the soil indicated that early year of activity was similar (average 0.10%), at the end of activity increased (P&lt;0.05) in treatment Stylosanthes guianensis (0.16%). The highest population of N-fixation bacteria of 1.76x109 and phosphate solvent of 9.8x105 were in the treatment of Clitoria ternatea. Production of fresh fruit bunches of the palm was relatively similar (P&gt;0.05) ranged from 16.52-19.21 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>year<sup>-1</sup>. It is concluded that Clitoria ternatea is the best species of legume tested as forage and cover crop in oil palm plantations.

scholarly journals Weed Flora Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.) Field as Influenced by Cover Crop Types and Planting Densities at Jalingo, Northeast, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
G. C. Michael ◽  
H. Tijani-Eniola ◽  
F. A. Nwagwu ◽  
O. W. Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weed Flora

Aim: Competition from weeds is an obstacle to profitable maize production. Knowledge of weed species limiting productivity is essential for sustainable management. A two years field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a leguminous cover crop, akidi (Vigna unquiculata sub-sp sequipedalis) and two non-leguminous cover crops (melon and sweet potato) planted at three densities on weed flora composition and shift in maize at Jalingo, North-eastern Nigeria. Study Design: There were 11 treatments replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Methodology: Low, moderate and high densities (20,000, 30,000 and 40,000 stands/ha respectively) of Akidi, Melon and Sweet potato (A1, A2, A3, M1, M2, M3, S1, S2, S3) with weeded (C1) and unweeded (C2) checks constituted the treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Weed flora abundance, percentage density, percentage frequency, frequency index and percentage contributions were determined from a 50cm x 50cm quadrat thrown twice per plot at various phases of maize growth. Results: Thirteen weed families made up of 11 broad leaves, one grass and one sedge were identified. The abundance was in the order Broad leaf > Grass > Sedges. The most abundant weed species were: Imperata cylindrica L (3.8), Mucuna utilis (3.0), Oldenlandia herbacea L. (2.6) Sida acuta Burm F, Tridax procumbens L. (2.5 each), Leucas martinicensis, Pennisetum pedicellatum (2.3 each). Commelina benghalensis, Cyperus difformis (3.5), Digitaria horizontalis, Fimbristylis littoralis (2.8 each). The influence of selected cover crops on individual weed percentage the contribution shows: Commelina benghalensis ( C2<C1 < M <S< A), Euphorbia hyssopifolia (C2<M/S < A<C1), Euphorbia heterophylla (M<S<A), Leucasmartinicensis (C1<C2<M<A<S), Mucunautilis (S<M<C1<C2<A) and Sida acuta (M<S<A<C2<C1) while grassy weeds, Imperata cylindrical (A<C2<S<M), Pennisetum pedicellatum (A<C2), Digitaria horizontalis (C1/ C2< A < M <S), Kyllinga squamulata (M/S <C2<A <C1). Commelina spp. increased in status from an accessory (21.2%) to abundance (66.7%) while others increased from rare to accessory (from 0.0 to 20-40%). Conclusion: Akidi was more effective on broad-leaved weeds while melon and sweet potato were more effective on grasses and Commelina benghalensis need to be monitored.

Growth of Legume Cover Crops under Cassava and Its Effect on Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwarto . ◽  
Retno Asih
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Legume Cover Crop

Background: Low soil organic carbon is a constraint to cassava tuber formation. Some legume cover crops could be an alternative to provide organic matter on the cassava field as a source of soil organic carbon. The study was aimed to evaluate the growth of some legume cover crops under cassava and their effects on soil properties. Methods: During September 2017-July 2018 legume cover crops (Calopogonium mucunoides, Centrosema pubescens, Pueraria javanica and the mixed) were planted under cassava variety of Mangu and UJ-5. The land coverage by the legume cover crops was measured monthly from 2 to 10 months after planting. Cassava growth was observed weekly from 8 to 32 weeks after planting. Soil properties were analyzed before planting and at harvesting of cassava. Result: Pueraria javanica was tolerant toward cassava shading. The land coverage was linearly increased along with the growth of cassava. At the end of cassava growth, the land area coverage by this legume cover crop was 98.08%. It produced more organic matter and could maintain soil moisture content than other legume cover crops. P. javanica could consider being a suitable legume cover crop under cassava to improve soil quality.

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