scholarly journals Evaluation of four pasture legumes species as forages and cover crops in oil palm plantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Rijanto Hutasoit
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Pasture Legumes

Pasture legumes is a very high quality of forage. The limited land is the problem of its development. Integration with oil palm plantations is one of the potentials for its development. This study was aimed to investigate the productivity of several legumes (Arachis glabrata, Stylosanthes guianensis, Clitoria ternatea, and Chamaecrista rotundifolia) as forages and cover crop. The potential tests were conducted in oil palm area of 4608 m<sup>2</sup>, in a complete block design with four treatments (legume species) and three replications. Parameters observed were: Legum production, leaf/stem ratio, chemical composition of legume, concentration of N, P in the soil, microbes in the soil, leguminous digestibility and palm fruit production. Results showed that the highest legume production (DM) was (P&lt;0.05) in the species of Clitoria ternatea (16.15 tons ha-1year-1), the highest leaf/stem ratio (P&lt;0.05) was in the Arachis glabrata (2.09). The chemical composition (DM) did not differ (P&gt;0.05) ranged from 33.75 to 35.75%, the organic matter (OM) varied greatly (P&lt;0.05) the highets was in Clitoria ternatea. The highest Crude protein (P&lt;0.05) was in Clitoria ternatea 17.84%. NDF concentrations did not differ (P&gt;0.05). The lowest ADF concentration (P&lt;0.05) was in Chamaecrista rotundifolia. The concentration of N in the soil indicated that early year of activity was similar (average 0.10%), at the end of activity increased (P&lt;0.05) in treatment Stylosanthes guianensis (0.16%). The highest population of N-fixation bacteria of 1.76x109 and phosphate solvent of 9.8x105 were in the treatment of Clitoria ternatea. Production of fresh fruit bunches of the palm was relatively similar (P&gt;0.05) ranged from 16.52-19.21 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>year<sup>-1</sup>. It is concluded that Clitoria ternatea is the best species of legume tested as forage and cover crop in oil palm plantations.

scholarly journals TANAMAN PAKAN LEGUMINOSA DALAM SISTEM INTEGRASI DENGAN PERKEBUNAN JERUK

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Rijanto Hutasoit ◽  
Andi Tarigan ◽  
Juniar Sirait
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi dan potensi beberapa tanaman legum sebagai sumber pakan dan cover crop di lahan perkebunan jeruk, empat spesies legum yang digunakan yaitu: Arachis glabrata, Stylosanthes guianensis, Clitoria ternatea dan Chamaecrista rotundifolia. Uji potensi dilakukan dilahan perkebunan jeruk seluas 1200 m2 dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan (spesies legum) dan tiga ulangan. Karakteristik morfologi menunjukkan Stylosanthes guianensis adalah tanaman tertinggi (78,03 cm), Clitoria ternatea memiliki daun terlebar (31,14 mm) dan terpanjang (47,27 mm), Arachis glabrata memiliki jumlah daun terbanyak (125,46 lembar), sedangkan Chamaecrista rotundifolia memiliki rasio daun: batang tertinggi (1,77). Warna hijau pada daun dimiliki oleh Stylosanthes guianensis, sedangkan ketiga jenis lainya berwarna hijau muda. Produksi bahan kering (BK) tertinggi (P<0,05) pada Stylosanthes guianensis (22,67 ton ha-1 tahun-1). Komposisi kimiawi menunjukkan kadar BK tertinggi (P<0,05) pada tanaman Stylosanthes guianensis (27,72%). Clitoria ternatea memiliki protein kasar (PK) tertinggi (17,16%) dan serat kasar (SK) terendah (29,80%). Kanndungan n itrogen (N) pada tanah naik pada akhir kegiatan, tertinggi pada Stylosanthes guianensis (0,21%). Disimpulkan bahwa jenis Stylosanthes guianensis dan Clitoria ternatea merupakan tanaman yang banyak keunggulan sebagai sumber pakan dan cover crop dalam sistem integrasi dengan perkebunan jeruk. Kata kunci: leguminosa, integrasi, cover crop, tanaman pakan

scholarly journals Perbandingan Arachis pintoi dengan Tanaman Kacang-kacangan Penutup Tanah Lain dalam Menekan Laju Erosi pada Lahan Kelapa Sawit Berbukit

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Arif Sarjono ◽  
Dwi Guntoro ◽  
Dan Supijatno
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

Land preparation of oil palm plantation in hilly areas is vulnerable to environmental degradation. Legume cover crops can be used in vegetation system for soil conservation to control erotion. Arachis pintoi is a legume potential for cover crop. The objective of the research was to study the role of A. pintoi in suppressing soil erosion rate in oil palm land with the topography of hilly land. The research was conducted on the land of Bukit Kemuning farmer group, Mersam, Batanghari, Jambi with an average slope of 22.8% from September 2017 to March 2018. The experimental design used was a single-factor randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of natural vegetation, Arachis pintoi, Centrosema pubescens, Pueraria javanica and Calopogonium mucunoides. The results showed that the rate of increased leaf number of A. pintoi was 13.6 pieces per week and could cover the ground surface 100% at 20 weeks after planting (WAP). The dry weight of A. pintoi biomass was 496.08 g m-2 at 20 WAP. A. pintoi suppressed soil erosion by 80.45% as compared to natural vegetation treatment. However, it was not significantly different on suppression rates to other biomulch treatments.Keywords: biomass, Calopogonium mucunoides, Centrosema pubescens, land cover crop, Pueraria javanica

scholarly journals Water Balance in Oil Palm Plantation with Ridge Terrace and Nephrolepis biserrata as Cover Crop

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Ariyanti ◽  
Sudirman Yahya ◽  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Suwarto Suwarto ◽  
Hasril H. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The existence of oil palm plantations as a possible cause of drought in the surrounding areas in Indonesia is a critical issue. Therefore, information related to the effects of oil palm plantations on the surrounding environment in terms of soil water content (SWC) availability is needed. Soil and water conservation techniques in the form  of ridge terracing and cover crops,  such as Nephrolepis biserrata,  can be  expected to potentially improve soil water  reserves, especially in the dry-season, by accumulating water  in the rainy season.  This study aimed to study the effects of N. biserrata as cover crop, together with the potential effects of ridge terraces, on the water balance in mature oil palm plantations.  The research was conducted in mature oil palm plantations, Afdeling III block 375 (planted in 1996) and block 415 (planted in 2005), Rejosari Unit, PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VII in Natar District, South Lampung Regency, Indonesia, from August 2014 to January 2015. The research was based on of setting up 15 m x 20 m experimental plots with the following treatments:  (i) without ridge terraces and without N. biserrata (G0T0); (ii) without ridge terraces but with N. biserrata (G0T1); (iii) with ridge terraces but without N. biserrata (G1T0); (iv) with ridge terraces and with N. biserrata (G1T1).   Hydrology parameter data were collected for each treatment plot; water balance was calculated using a water balance equation. The results showed that the use of the cover crop N. biserrata in combination with ridge terraces helped improving SWC reserves by approximately 71% and 12%, respectively.  The use of N. biserrata as a cover crop reduced the rate of water loss by percolation and run-off, by approximately 36% and 80%, respectively, in an area where the annual rainfall is above 2,400 mm per year.  The presence of N. biserrata shortened the period of SWC deficit by extending the period of a water surplus by 70 days when compared with ridge terracing alone (which reduced the period of SWC by 50 days).

scholarly journals The Roles of Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson and Ridge Terrace in Reducing Soil Erosion and Nutrient Losses in Oil Palm Plantation in South Lampung, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenni Asbur ◽  
Sudirman Yahya ◽  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Sudradjat Sudradjat ◽  
Edy Sigit Sutarta Sigit Sutarta
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Asystasia Gangetica

Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson is a weed commonly found on oil palm plantations and can be used as cover crop for mature oil palm plantations due to its tolerance to shading. The use of cover crop is  a soil conservation technique to support sustainable availability of soil nutrients by reducing erosion and nutrients loss, particularly during the rainy seasons. This research aims to determine the roles of A. gangetica as cover crop for measures against erosion and nutrients loss in mature oil palm plantation. This research was conducted in oil palm plantation, Unit Rejosari, PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VII, District of Natar, South Lampung Regency from August 2014 to April 2015. The research used split block design in randomized complete block design with two factors and six replications. The main plots were ridge terrace, namely with and without ridge terrace. The sub plots were cover crops, namely with and without cover crops A. gangetica. The results show that using A. gangetica as cover crops in mature oil palm plantations effectively minimized erosion and loss of organic C, N, P, and K by 95.7%, 93.4%, 96.0%, and 90.0 %, respectively. The use of cover crop became more effective when combined with ridge terrace and reduced erosion by 94.1% and loss of organic C, N, P and K by 99.1%, 99.2%, 90.0% and 98.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Use of the Cover Crop Weed Index to Evaluate Weed Suppression by Cover Crops in Organic Citrus Orchards

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Linares ◽  
Johannes Scholberg ◽  
Kenneth Boote ◽  
Carlene A. Chase ◽  
James J. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Arachis Glabrata

Citrus is one of the most important crops in Florida. During the past decade, increased international competition and urban development, diseases, and more stringent environmental regulations have greatly affected the citrus industry. Citrus growers transitioning to organic production may benefit from premium prices, but they also face many challenges, including development of effective weed management strategies. Cover crops (CC) may constitute an environmentally sound alternative for improved weed management in organic systems. Two field experiments were conducted at Citra in north central Florida from 2002 to 2005, to evaluate the effectiveness of annual and perennial CC to suppress weeds in organic citrus groves. To quantify and compare the effectiveness of CC to suppress weed growth, a new weed suppression assessment tool, the cover crop/weed index (CCWI), was developed using the ratio of biomass accumulation of CC and weeds. Annual summer CC accumulated more biomass in comparison with winter CC. Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), and alyceclover (Alysicarpus vaginalis L.) all provided excellent weed suppression, which was superior to tillage fallow. Single-species winter CC did not always perform consistently well. Use of winter CC mixtures resulted in more consistent overall CC performance, greater dry matter production, and more effective weed suppression than single species of CC. Initial perennial peanut (PP) growth was slow, and summer planting of PP (Arachis glabrata Benth.) was determined to be the most effective date in terms of weed suppression, which was improved gradually over time, but all planting dates resulted in slow initial growth compared with annual CC. For both PP and annual CC, weed biomass typically was inversely related to CC dry weight accumulation resulting from competition for resources. The CCWI was a suitable tool to quantify CC performance in terms of weed suppression.

scholarly journals A review of oil palm fruit fiber reinforced composites

2022 ◽  
Vol 1212 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
B Bakri ◽  
Naharuddin ◽  
Mustafa ◽  
A Medi ◽  
L Padang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Palm Fruit

Abstract Oil palm fibers have been developed as reinforcement in the composite. These fibers can be produced from fruit, trunk, and frond of oil palm. In this review, the oil palm fruit fiber for reinforcing composite was focused. Oil palm fruit fibers consist of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and mesocarp fruit (MF) fibers. The chemical composition and characteristics of oil palm fruit fiber are described. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the composite are reported to be related to the surface treatment of EFB and MF fibers. Applications of such fiber composite are included in this review. From some researches, the surface treatment methods for MF and EFB fibers as reinforcement composite was conducted with using alkali, silane, acryilic acid, acetic anhydride, hydogen peroxide, microwave, and superheated steam. The effect of these surface treatments on oil palm EFB and MF fibers displayed the improvement of the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strengths) of the composite due to enhance the interface adhesion between fiber and matrix after treatment of fibers.

scholarly journals Quantitative characterization of five cover crop species

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (7) ◽  
pp. 1174-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RAMIREZ-GARCIA ◽  
J. L. GABRIEL ◽  
M. ALONSO-AYUSO ◽  
M. QUEMADA
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Crop Species

SUMMARYThe introduction of cover crops in the intercrop period may provide a broad range of ecosystem services derived from the multiple functions they can perform, such as erosion control, recycling of nutrients or forage source. However, the achievement of these services in a particular agrosystem is not always required at the same time or to the same degree. Thus, species selection and definition of targeted objectives is critical when growing cover crops. The goal of the current work was to describe the traits that determine the suitability of five species (barley, rye, triticale, mustard and vetch) for cover cropping. A field trial was established during two seasons (October to April) in Madrid (central Spain). Ground cover and biomass were monitored at regular intervals during each growing season. A Gompertz model characterized ground cover until the decay observed after frosts, while biomass was fitted to Gompertz, logistic and linear-exponential equations. At the end of the experiment, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and fibre (neutral detergent, acid and lignin) contents, and the N fixed by the legume were determined. The grasses reached the highest ground cover (83–99%) and biomass (1226–1928 g/m2) at the end of the experiment. With the highest C:N ratio (27–39) and dietary fibre (527–600 mg/g) and the lowest residue quality (~680 mg/g), grasses were suitable for erosion control, catch crop and fodder. The vetch presented the lowest N uptake (2·4 and 0·7 g N/m2) due to N fixation (9·8 and 1·6 g N/m2) and low biomass accumulation. The mustard presented high N uptake in the warm year and could act as a catch crop, but low fodder capability in both years. The thermal time before reaching 30% ground cover was a good indicator of early coverage species. Variable quantification allowed finding variability among the species and provided information for further decisions involving cover crop selection and management.

scholarly journals Changes in chemical composition of cover crops residue during decomposition

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Adams Weiler ◽  
Leonardo Mendes Bastos ◽  
Janquieli Schirmann ◽  
Celso Aita ◽  
Sandro José Giacomini
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Structural Composition ◽  
Main Components

ABSTRACT: Crop residues decomposition are controlled by chemical tissue components. This study evaluated changes on plant tissue components, separated by the Van Soest partitioning method, during cover crop decomposition. The Van Soest soluble fraction was the first to be released from the crop residues, followed by cellulose and hemicellulose. Lignin was the crop residue component that suffered the least degradation, and for certain crop residue types, lignin degradation was not detected. The degradation of the main components of crop residues (soluble fraction, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) is determined by the chemical and structural composition of each fraction.

scholarly journals Increasing Sustainability by Intercropping

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Coolman ◽  
G.D. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Biological N Fixation ◽  
System A ◽  
Mutual Advantage

Plant interactions are both competitive and cooperative. Farmers use intercropping to the mutual advantage of both main and secondary crops in a multiple-crop-production system. A vegetable crop has a competitive advantage over a younger secondary cover crop interseeded before vegetable maturity. Non-legume intercropped cover crops can use soil N, while a legume intercrop can increase N in agricultural systems by biological N fixation. Intercropping also may be more efficient than monocropping in exploiting limited resources. Relay-planting main crop and intercrop components so that resource demands (nutrients, water, sunlight, etc.) occur during different periods of the growing season can be an effective means of minimizing interspecific competition. Intercropping systems often exhibit less crop damage associated with insect and plant pathogen attacks, and they provide weed control.

scholarly journals Competitive Interaction ofAxonopus compressusandAsystasia gangeticaunder Contrasting Sunlight Intensity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Samedani ◽  
A. S. Juraimi ◽  
M. P. Anwar ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
S. H. Sheikh Awadz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Sunlight Intensity

Axonopus compressusis one of the native soft grass species in oil palm in Malaysia which can be used as a cover crop. The competitive ability ofA. compressusto overcomeA. gangeticawas studied using multiple-density, multiple-proportion replacements series under a glasshouse and full sunlight conditions in a poly bag for 10 weeks.A. compressusproduced more dry weight and leaf area when competing againstA. gangeticathan in monoculture at both densities in the full sunlight and at high density in the shade. Moreover, the relative yield and relative crowding coefficients also indicatedA. compressusis a stronger competitor thanA. gangeticaat both densities in the full sunlight and high density in the shade. It seemed thatA. gangeticaplants in the shade did not compete with each other and were more competitive againstA. compressusas could influenceA. compressusheight in the shade. It is concluded that although suppression ofA. gangeticabyA. compressusoccurred under full sunlight, irrespective of plant density, this ability reduced under shade asA. compressusdensity decreased. The result suggests thatA. compressusin high density could be considered as a candidate for cover crops under oil palm canopy.

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