scholarly journals CHINESE CHARACTERS IN MODERN KOREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
V. E. Sukhinin
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The North ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

Being a part of the Chinese cultural area, the Korean Peninsula adopted Chinese characters and literary language in the first centuries C.E. Nevertheless, its colloquial language remained native Korean, genealogically and typologically different from Chinese, and in the first half of the 15th century the Korean alphabet was created. From the end of the 19th century, Korean was proclaimed the official written language, although the mixed script was mainly used (Sinokorean words were written in Chinese characters, and native words and grammatical formants in Korean alphabet).After liberation from the Japanese colonial rule (1910-1945), both the North and the South proclaimed abolition of writing in Chinese characters. But unlike the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in the Republic of Korea the transition dragged on for more than half a century. And though at schools of both Korean states Chinese characters are still being taught, young generation has a rather low level of their knowledge.Upon thorough analysis of current South Korean newspapers and other materials, the author has made the conclusion that nowadays the usage of Chinese characters even in the South is extremely limited and is in fact occasional and depends on: 1) the topic of the text (it is present more widely in historical and classical literature); 2) the need to distinguish homonyms and difficult words with an unclear meaning; 3) writer’s preferences. Using Chinese characters is a personal choice, and one can choose to replace them with more wordy expressions instead.At the same time the article concludes that it is necessary to teach Chinese characters in certain quantities to students, including those majoring in Korean studies at non-linguistics universities including MGIMO. This recommendation takes into consideration, first, the existence of a huge layer of Sinokorean words (social and political vocabulary, terminology), which requires elementary knowledge of Chinese characters for better understanding; second, the task of reading current South Korean newspapers with some Chinese characters used, not to mention older publications written in mixed script.

scholarly journals The Strategy of South Korea in the Global Oil Market

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Jaehyung An ◽  
Alexey Mikhaylov ◽  
Sang-Uk Jung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
The North ◽  
Cooperation Strategy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Republic

The paper analyzes South Korea’s strategy in the global oil market. South Korean oil cooperation is characterized by the creation or termination of joint projects in the oil sector, as well as the Republic of Korea’s national project for the diversification of state-energy suppliers. Oil cooperation currently has great potential, and the conditions that have developed at the highest level allow open discussions about positive dynamics for short-term and medium-term prospects in the field of oil cooperation. The analysis presented here includes export and import connections in the oil market. The authorities of the current administration of the Republic of Korea have adopted a new political stance towards the north, in accordance with which the state is actively developing and establishing relations with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the Russian Federation. In the coming years, South Korea aims to renew and revise potential projects in the field of oil cooperation. The main result of this is that the political climate of the Republic of Korea is currently concentrated on the development of an oil cooperation strategy.

Probation in the Republic of Korea: A compressed journey to public protection

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gough
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Probation And Parole ◽  
Organizational Expansion ◽  
The Republic

In 2009 the South Korean probation and parole service celebrated its 20th year. This short review details the rapid organizational expansion and cultural change within South Korea’s probation and parole service. It highlights how policy transfer and the politicization of crime is currently shaping the work of probation officers into what can be described as a compressed journey into an organization dominated by its public protection remit.

scholarly journals Сотрудничество России и Республики Корея в области высоких технологий

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Алексей Янович СТАНОНИС ◽  
Артём Леонидович ЛУКИН
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Space Program ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Technological Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Republic ◽  
5G Mobile Networks

Статья посвящена анализу прогресса в выполнении договорённостей, достигнутых между Россией и Республикой Корея в области сотрудничества в высокотехнологичной сфере. Рассматриваются четыре направления партнёрства: развитие южнокорейской космической программы, развёртывание мобильных сетей пятого поколения (5G), кораблестроение и создание системы поддержки технологического предпринимательства. Авторы приходят к выводу, что, несмотря на ряд объективных обстоятельств, негативно влияющих на динамику сотрудничества, она остаётся позитивной. The article analyzes the progress in implementing the agreements reached between Russia and the Republic of Korea in the field of high-tech cooperation. Four areas of partnership are considered, particularly: the development of the South Korean space program, the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks, shipbuilding, and the creation of a system to support technological entrepreneurship. The authors conclude that despite a number of objective circumstances that neg

scholarly journals Regional differences in the evolution of the merger of /ʃ/ and /ç/ in Luxembourgish

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
François Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The South ◽  
Data Set ◽  
West Germanic ◽  
The North ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Middle Generation

The merger of post-alveolar /ʃ/ and palatal /ç/ into alveolopalatal /ɕ/ has recently gained growing interest in sociophonetic research, especially in the Middle German dialect area. In Luxembourgish, a Continental West Germanic language, the sound change has been linked to age differences, while its origins remain unclear. Two studies with a regional focus are presented in this paper. The first study examines the merger in the Centre and the South of Luxembourg. The acoustic examination of both the spectral peak and the centre of gravity of a spoken data set of five minimal pairs embedded in read and orally translated sentences from 48 speakers (three generations (old generation, 65–91 years; middle generation, 40–64 years; young generation, 20–39 years; each generation, n = 16), men and women) reveals interesting results related to their regional background. In the old generation, the merger is further advanced in the speech of old men from the former mining region in the South compared to their peers in the Centre, the former leading this sound change. On the other hand, young speakers in both regions produce only alveolopalatal /ɕ/, the merger being complete in this generation. The second study presents exploratory data from the East and the North of the country. The analysis of this smaller sample (n = 6 speakers) reveals patterns similar to the central region. Pointing to language contact with Romance in the South as cradle and/or catalyser of the merger, these results not only give further clues as to the development in Luxembourg, but also add to a deeper understanding of sound changes in process in complex sibilant systems.

Negotiating the Cold War: The United States and the Two Koreas

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-105
Author(s):  
Steven Hugh Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Agreed Framework ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractSince December 1997, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of Korea (ROK), and the United States have met in a series of talks aimed at promoting peace and stability on the Korean peninsula and in the region. According to a November 1998 U.S. Department of Defense report, the discussions have created a “diplomatic venue for reducing tensions and ultimately replacing the Armistice Agreement with a permanent peace settlement.”1 Amidst the tragic human suffering which has occurred in North Korea, there have been some encouraging developments on the peninsula. The 1994 Agreed Framework between the United States and North Korea placed international controls on North Korea’s atomic energy program and cautiously anticipated the normalization of U.S.-DPRK relations. Since assuming power in early 1998, South Korean President Kim Dae Jung has vigorously pursued a policy of engagement with P’yo¨ngyang, known as the “sunshine policy.” Over the past decade, North Korea has also reoriented its foreign policy. In the early 1990s, the regime’s social and economic crisis led to a rethinking of its autarkic economic system. By early 1994, the state had created new free trade zones and relatively open foreign investment laws.2 By complying with the Agreed Framework, the DPRK has also shown a willingness to work with the international community on sensitive issues affecting its internal sovereignty and ability to project power beyond its borders.

Mariniflexile maritimum sp. nov., isolated from seawater of the South Sea in the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Ra Ko ◽  
Ve Van Le ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Sang-Ah Lee ◽  
Chi-Yong Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
South Sea ◽  
The Republic

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, designated M5A1MT, was isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea of the Republic of Korea. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain M5A1MT was closely related to Mariniflexile gromovii KMM 6038T (95.3 %), Mariniflexile fucanivorans SW5T (95.2 %), Mariniflexile soesokkakense RSSK-9T (95.1 %), Yeosuana aromativorans GW1-1T (94.6 %) and Confluentibacter lentus HJM-3T (94.6 %). Genome-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain M5A1MT formed a distinct cluster with the type strains of the genus Mariniflexile . The major cellular fatty acid constituents (>5 % of the total fatty acids) were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C16:03-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The respiratory quinone was identified as MK-6. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified polar lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain M5A1MT was determined to be 37.7 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain M5A1MT is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Mariniflexile , for which the name Mariniflexile maritimum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M5A1MT (=KCTC 72895T=JCM 33982T).

scholarly journals A República e a Monarquia em confronto: a Guerra Civil portuguesa na raia galega (1911- 1912) = The Republic and the Monarchy in confrontation: the Portuguese Civil War on the Galician border (1911-1912)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Luís Miguel Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Perspective ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sobre Todo

Resumen: La progresiva radicalización ideológica del régimen republicano, instaurado en Portugal en octubre de 1910, provocó una oposición conservadora y monárquica que se organizó en el exilio, sobre todo en el sur de Galicia. Entre octubre de 1911 y junio de 1912, estacionados en varios pueblos y villas gallegas en la raya con Portugal, los monárquicos hicieron dos incursiones en territorio portugués —el primero en Vinhais y el segundo en Chaves— con el fin de fomentar la rebelión contra régimen instaurado. Sin embargo, las tropas republicanas, más numerosas y mejor equipadas, vencieron todos los combates. En la época, este episodio de guerra civil mereció amplia cobertura periodística, particularmente por la prensa afecta al régimen republicano. Los mapas y las fotografías de la frontera fueron ampliamente utilizados para localizar e ilustrar los acontecimientos. En este texto, pretendemos reconstituir estos movimientos, proponiendo una lectura geográfico-histórica de la raya luso-gallega, en el contexto de este episodio.Palabras clave: República portuguesa, incursiones monárquicas, raya galaico-portuguesa, cartografía propaganda.Abstract: The ideological radicalisation of the republican regime, established in Portugal in October 1910, gave rise to the forming of a conservative and monarchical opposition in exile, in the south of the Spanish historic region of Galicia. Between October 1911 and June 1912, from several Galician villages not far from the Portuguese border, the monarchists made two incursions into the north of the country - the first to Vinhais and the second to Chaves - with the aim of fuelling popular uprisings and a military rebellion against the new regime. However, the Republican troops, more numerous and better equipped, won all the battles. At the time, this episode of civil war received extensive journalistic coverage particularly from the newspapers close to the republican regime. Maps and photographs of the border were widely used to locate and illustrate the events. From the historic-geographical perspective of the Portuguese-Galician border, this paper reconstitutes these movements in the broader historical context.Key words: Portuguese Republic, monarchical incursions, Portuguese-Galician border, propaganda maps.

MODERNIZATION OF SOUTH KOREA: ORIGINS, ACHIEVEMENTS, AND THE EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Leonid KISTERSKY ◽  
◽  
VASYL MARMAZOV ◽  
Igor PILIAIEV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
World Order ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The South ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Republic

Considered the causes and results of the economic achievements of South Korea, which for one generation’s lifetime had managed to leapfrog from poverty to the top of the world’s advanced economies. Analyzed the similarity between the problems of the Republic of Korea, which has been at war with its northern neighbor for more than 70 years, and Ukraine since 2014, as both countries are at the epicenter of strategic conflicts in Eurasia, in which basic interests of world powers collide. Confucianism is analyzed as a model of social and personal relations that has absorbed the wisdom and experience of the millennia-old civilization, demonstrated its exceptional viability, capacity to dynamically modernize and creatively assimilate the achievements of other cultures and civilizations. There is a unique synthesis of values of the two most competitive systems of work ethic in the modern world – Confucianism and Protestantism, which ensured the phenomenal success of the South Korean modernization. It is argued that the very combination of strong socially responsible state, competitive structural democracy and social and labor ethics based on the amalgam of Confucian and Christian values gave effect to the “Miracle on the Han River.” It is shown that Ukraine and South Korea have a common position on the key issues of world order as well as promising bilateral relations, whereas the South Korean experience of economic modernization and development is of interest to Ukraine. Promising areas of Ukrainian-South Korean economic cooperation, such as electronics and IT technologies, renewable energy, aerospace and aviation industry, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and healthcare are substantiated. Ukraine may benefit from the ROK’s positive experience in developing such areas as private entrepreneurship, small and medium business support, that would help practically solve the problem of microcredit and attract investment in the real sector of Ukraine's economy.

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