scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION LEVELS ON THE SURFACE OF THE BOVINE CARCASSES AT SLAUGHTERHOUSES OF BARISHAL CITY IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
A. Das ◽  
F. I. Rume ◽  
W. K. Ansari ◽  
M. N. Alam ◽  
M. R. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Background: Meat industries in developing countries including Bangladesh are found to be challenged by severe hygienic and sanitation problems which are associated with heavy bacterial load on the different sites of carcasses and meat. Objectives: The major objectives of this study were to determine the bacterial load at the different risk sites of bovine carcasses and identification of pathogenic bacteria as well as to assess the associated hygienic and sanitation practices with public health significance of the isolated bacteria. Materials and Methods: The study on bacterial load of bovine carcasses was conducted on 200 swab samples of different risk sites of 20 bovine carcasses in the different slaughterhouses of Barishal City Corporation during the period from April to October 2017. The aseptically collected swab samples from different sites of bovine carcasses were processed and analyzed individually by standard bacteriological procedures for Total viable count (TVC), Total coliform count (TCC), Total Staphylococcus count (TSC) and Total Salmonella count (TSAC) and the bacterial species were identified by the conventional aerobic cultural, morphological and biochemical tests. The hygienic status and practices of slaughterhouses and workers were evaluated through a structured questionnaire survey and also a visual inspection. Results: Staphylococcus aureus (78.5%), Salmonella spp. (64.5%) and Escherichia coli (64.0%) were found widely prevalent bacteria on the surface of freshly slaughtered bovine carcasses. The mean TVC of bacteria at pre-and post-washing of the different risk sites of carcasses including neck, shoulder, rump and their used knife and workers’ hand was calculated and highest one was recorded for neck at both pre (8.17 ± 1.22) and post (8.41 ± 0.92) washings. These TVC were found higher compared to standards set by WHO. The TSC was found highest at shoulder site at both pre (7.26 ± 0.94) and post (7.43 ± 1.02) washing, whereas the neck site was found highest contaminated with E. coli (6.69 ± 1.06 and 6.87 ± 1.04) and Salmonella spp.(5.73 ± 1.05 and 6.07 ± 0.92), respectively. The questionnaire survey and visual inspection of slaughter houses revealed that none of the slaughterhouse workers received any training on slaughterhouses management and hygiene, not used any head and hair covering, protective clothes and hand gloves whereas only 25.33% workers washed their hands and 34.67% used clean water at slaughterhouses during processing of carcasses and meat. Conclusions: The slaughtering of the animals on the ground and then skinning and evisceration in the same place under poor hygienic conditions are the major risk factors for heavy bacterial contamination of carcasses which has been recognized as a threat to food safety and consumers health to foodborne illness. Therefore, it requires a serious attention from all relevant authorities to apply and maintain the basic hygienic slaughterhouse practices to prevent the bacterial contamination of carcasses to prevent food borne illness. However, these data should serve as a baseline for future comparisons in measuring the bacteriological status of beef carcasses in other districts and further research works.

scholarly journals Assessment of bacterial load in broiler chicken meat from the retail meat shops in Chitwan, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Bhandari ◽  
DB Nepali ◽  
S Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
High Count ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Meat Samples

INTRODUCTION: Keeping quality of meat and meat related food hazard relates to microbes present in the meat during processing or storage. The poultry slaughtered and dressed under Chitwan conditions carrying high initial contamination would be present in meat as inherent contamination in the finished products. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 26 fresh broiler meat samples from registered retail shops. The samples were subjected to bacteriological analysis such as total viable count (TVC), total enterobacteriaceae count (TEC), total coliform count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC). Also, the samples were analyzed for the detection of Salmonella spp. and identified by different biochemical tests. RESULTS: The mean counts in log10±SE colony forming units per gram (cfu/g) for Bharatpur, Ratnanagar and Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) vicinity were obtained as 11.1±0.3, 11.5±0.3 and 12.2±0.5 TVC; 8.5±0.2, 9.2±0.3 and 10.2±0.4 TEC; 6.5±0.3, 7.6±0.3 and 8.4±0.5 TCC; 6.5±0.2, 6.8±0.3 and 7.7±0.4 TSC respectively. No samples were found to be within the permissible limits given by different agencies. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in retail broiler meat in Chitwan was found 46.2%. CONCLUSION: The retail broiler meat samples from the locations contain high count of bacteria suggesting deplorable state of hygienic and sanitary practices. The presence of Salmonella and Staphyloccus aureus organisms over the permissible limits are of special concern because these account for potential food borne intoxication. So, the need for microbial assessment of fresh meats can be emphasized. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8671   Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):99-104

scholarly journals Assessment of bacterial load of poultry meat used at dining hall of Bangladesh Agricultural University campus

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Nazmul Hoda ◽  
Mohammad Jobayer Hossen ◽  
M Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Syed Mohammad Ehsanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sanitary Condition

The present study was undertaken to investigate the microbiological quality of poultry meat used in different hall of Bangladesh Agricultural University campus. Sanitary condition of dining hall was assessed by using a standard questionnaire. Thirty samples were collected from Isha Khan hall, Fazlul Haque hall and Taposhi Rabeya hall. Microbial load was determined by total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and total salmonella count (TSC). Samples were inoculated into various selective media such as plate count (PCA) agar, xylose lysine deoxycholate Agar (XLDA) and MacConkey agar (MCA). It is found that the age of maximum workers (53%) is between 25-35 years. Educational level of dining workers are in same frequency of illiterate and below class eight. Only 6.7% are SSC passed. Most of dining workers have no knowledge on hygienic practices. 43.3% partially know about hygienic practices and 3.3% have no knowledge. Sanitary condition of dining hall is not satisfactory. Only 3.3% disinfectants are used in dining hall. There is no proper washing facilities. About 63.3% washing facilities are in medium level. Only E. coli and Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified from the samples. The mean value of TVC, TCC and TSC in broiler thigh meats of Isha Khan hall, Fazlul Haque hall and Taposhi Rabeya hall are log 5.65, log 5.77, log 6.06 CFU/g, log 3.26, 3.41, 3.42 CFU/g and log 2.95, log 2.92 log 2.97 CFU/g respectively. The variation of TVC in meats of different dining hall was significant (p<0.05) at 5% level of probability whereas TCC and TSC obtained from meat samples of different hall were not significant (p<0.05). Presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in meat must need particular attention as these organisms are responsible for causing harm to public health. Suggestions have been given to improve the present sanitary condition of dining hall to minimize bacterial load.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 9-16

Bacterial Contamination of Hospital Physicians' Stethoscopes

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 626-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Bernard ◽  
Anne Kereveur ◽  
Dominique Durand ◽  
Jeanne Gonot ◽  
Fred Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractBecause stethoscopes might be potential vectors of nosocomial infections, this study, conducted in a 450-bed general hospital, was devised to evaluate the bacterial contamination of stethoscopes; bacterial survival on stethoscope membranes; the kinetics of the bacterial load on stethoscope membranes during clinical use; and the efficacy of 70% alcohol or liquid soap for membrane disinfection. Among the 355 stethoscopes tested, 234 carried ≥2 different bacterial species; 31 carried potentially pathogenic bacteria. Although some bacteria deposited onto membranes could survive 6 to 18 hours, none survived after disinfection.

scholarly journals Post harvest bacterial load in the gut of Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) from two fish markets of Brahmanbaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Tanjila Akter ◽  
Gawsia Wahidunnessa Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Shigella Spp

This study was conducted to enumerate the post harvest bacterial load in the gut of captured and cultured Ompok pabda by spread plate method using different selective culture media. The bateriological parameters, such as total viable bacterial counts (TVBC), total coliform counts (TCC), total fecal coliform counts (E. coli), pathogenic bacteria Salmonella spp, Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were determined. Highest bacterial load was found in the month of July and lowest in January. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of gut microbes showed that TVBC of captured O. pabda were found 9.2 × 106, 7.0 × 107, 9.5 × 106 cfu/g and that of cultured fish were 1.56 × 107, 7.2 × 107 and 2.24 × 107 cfu/g during pre-monsoon, monsooon and post-monsoon, respectively. The bacteriological quality of fish from both captured and cultured sources did not comply with ICMSF standard. Pathogenic bacteria E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were also detected from both captured and cultured O. pabda. The findings of this study indicated that the fish collected from the local fish markets were contaminated with different pathogenic bacteria that reflect the unhygienic conditions of the markets. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 243-251, 2019

scholarly journals Hygiene management in newborn individually housed dairy calves focusing on housing and feeding practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Heinemann ◽  
Caroline D Leubner ◽  
Jason J Hayer ◽  
Julia Steinhoff-Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Protein Residues ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hygiene Management ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Calf Rearing

Abstract In calf rearing, the first weeks of life are critical and associated with the highest mortality due to enteric and respiratory diseases. A well-implemented hygiene management can help to protect calves´ health preventively by reducing the load of pathogenic bacteria and interrupting infection chains. The aim of this study was to identify deficiencies in hygiene management of individually housed dairy calves by surveying current practice and examining feeding and housing equipment with different hygiene indicators. On 11 farms, different locations in 2 pens or hutches for individual calf rearing prepared for restocking and 2 feeding buckets per farm, including the inner and outer surfaces of artificial teats, were visually scored for cleanliness and sampled with swabs (housing equipment: n = 167; feeding equipment: n = 120). The sanitation of floors was tested with sock samples (n = 41). A total of 328 samples were analyzed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and protein residues, aerobic total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria (ESBL) and Salmonella spp. After evaluation of these results, the farmers were informed about the findings and trained on improvement in hygiene management personally. The sampling was repeated after one year to detect possible changes in hygiene management. The highest bacterial loads (TVC, TCC and E. coli) were observed in feeding equipment, especially the inner teat of milk feeding buckets. Environmental samples, primarily the sidewalls and back walls of tested pens and hutches, exhibited the lowest bacterial counts and ATP and protein residues. All samples were negative for MRSA and Salmonella spp. In 10.5% of all samples, ESBL was detected, and in 6.8%, ESBL E. coli was detected, predominately in sock samples, followed by feeding equipment samples. Training in hygiene management showed only limited effects. In conclusion, there is still great potential to improve the implementation of hygiene measures in individual calf housing. In particular, more attention should be paid to the cleaning of feeding buckets and artificial teats, as this is a simple means of interrupting the possible spread of pathogens among calves.

scholarly journals Comparative microbiological analysis of raw fishes and sun-dried fishes collected from the Kawran bazaar in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 846-851
Author(s):  
I.T. Nur ◽  
B. Ghosh ◽  
M. Acharjee
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count

Along with the raw fishes, dry fishes also have a huge contribution to meet up the demand of protein in our daily meal. The assay of microbiological quality is therefore needed to ensure the public health safety. The present study was emphasized on the existence of pathogenic bacteria in raw and dry fish. A total of 50 samples of raw fishes and sun-dried fishes was accumulated aseptically for microbiological quality analysis. Isolation of bacteria was done by spread plate method. All the samples including both (raw and dry) fishes harbored bacteria and fungi up to 106 CFU/g. E. coli was found in all samples as a specific pathogen. In case of raw fishes total viable count (TVC) and total coliform count (E. coli) were recorded up to 2.5x106 CFU/g and 5.2 x104 CFU/g respectively whereas a significant load of Salmonella spp. was observed in almost all samples. Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were present up to 5 x102 CFU/g and 1.8 x 102 CFU/g respectively. Likewise, total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (E. coli) and fungal load were recorded in dry fish up 3.50 x 105 CFU/g, 1.2 x103 CFU/g respectively. Fungal growth was observed in all experimental raw and dried fishes. For most of the pathogenic isolates, higher rates of resistance were found against Ceftriaxone, Penicillin, Nalidixic acid, Neomycin. On the other hand, most of the isolates were found to retain higher sensitivity against Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracyclin and Amoxicillin. This data suggested that the dry fish harbored fewer bacteria than raw fish and sun drying method is still a useful technique for the preservation of fish.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bacteriological Quality of Meat from Abattoir and Butcher Shops in Bishoftu, Central Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Bersisa ◽  
Dereje Tulu ◽  
Chaluma Negera
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cutting Knife ◽  
Butcher Shops

The study was conducted from November 2015 to November 2016 to determine bacterial load and identify pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus,E. coli, andSalmonellaespecies) in meat from abattoir and butcher shops as well as to assess associated hygienic and sanitation practices being experienced in the selected study site. A cross-sectional study was conducted where a simple random sampling method was used to select butcher shops, and the municipal abattoir was purposively selected. A structured questionnaire survey was also used to assess hygienic status of the municipal abattoir and butcher shops. A total of 124 samples (48 swab samples from abattoir carcass, 4 samples of carcass washing water about 20 ml of each, and 36 swab samples each from butcher shop cutting table and cutting knife, respectively) were collected during the study period. The collected samples were processed for aerobic plate count, and the total mean count was found to be 4.53 log10 cfu/cm2from abattoir carcass swab samples, 2.4 log10 cfu/ml from water samples, 6.58 log10 cfu/cm2from butcher shops cutting table, and 6.1 log10 cfu/cm2from cutting knife swab samples.E. coliwas the dominant bacterial species isolated (35.2%), followed byS. aureus(22.5%) andSalmonellaespecies (9.9%). According to the questionnaire survey, 48.4% (15/31) of the abattoir workers did not receive any training regarding food safety issues. Moreover, a majority (66.67%) of the respondents of the butcher house workers were grade 1–4 (elementary) in their educational level and do not use hairnet and handle money with bare hands during serving meat to consumers. The study showed that the hygienic status of the abattoir and butcher shops in the study area is poor, and the obtained results of bacterial load are higher than the acceptable limit of the standard. Therefore, the necessary strategies towards hygiene and sanitation of meat in the town should be implemented.

scholarly journals Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Razia Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
First Choice

Cow’s milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

Raw Milk as a Potential Source of Food Poisoning Outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Isa Shu’aibu ◽  
Habiba Abdullahi ◽  
S. Hanna Kadum ◽  
A. Jabir Hamza ◽  
Y. Kabiru Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Production Chain

In Africa, the use of poor and unhygienic methods for animal milking and milk processing that leads to spoilage of milk by microbes affects the production of milk and dairy products, especially in the small scale and local processing plants. This study was conducted to analyze the quality and safety of raw milk collected from six different towns in Kwami local government area of Gombe State, Nigeria. The samples were serially diluted using ten-fold dilution and used aliquot 1 ml to inoculate the appropriate media using pour plate technique. The total viable count for bacteria in CFU/ml on plate count agar (PCA) was highest in sample E from U/Anchau with an average of total viable count of 3.8x104 CFU/ml, followed by 3.0x104 CFU/ml in sample B (Dirri), then 2.8x104 CFU/ml in sample D from Burakosuma, 2.5x104 CFU/ml in sample F from Dun urji, 2.3x104 CFU/ml in sample C from Zanbe with least count from sample A at Bele as 1.8x104 CFU/ml. Five (5) bacterial species of public health importance were isolated and identified using biochemical tests namely; Enterobacter sp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp.. Out of the organisms isolated, Enterobacter sp. had the highest occurrence of 93% (n=280), then Yersinia enterocolitica 90% (n=270), E. coli 70% (n=210), S. aureus 57% (n=170), and finally Salmonella sp. 23% (n=70). Based on the microbiological outcomes, preventive measures for milking and processing that focus on training of farmers and dairy employees for the improvement of the hygiene of local milk and dairy production chain should be defined.

scholarly journals Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Potential Mechanical Vectors of Pathogenic Bacteria in a Public Hospital in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1619-1626
Author(s):  
Leonardo Espíndola do Nascimento ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues Amaral ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo dos Anjos Ferreira ◽  
Diogo Vitor Soares Trindade ◽  
Rafael Espíndola do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Amazonian Region ◽  
Dominant Ant

Abstract Studies related to ants found in hospital environments have aroused interest in their role as mechanical vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of the current research was to determine the species composition and bacterial contamination of ant species found in a public hospital in the eastern Amazonian region. Ants were captured using bait containing honey and sterilized sardines in 15 locations within the Macapá Emergency Hospital, Amapá. Ants were identified morphologically using specific keys. Bacteria were first inoculed in a Brain Heart Infusion broth and then plated on 5% Agar with blood or MacConkey media. Bacterial species were identified through biochemical procedures. In total, 9,687 ants were collected, with 69.8% from the dry season and 30.2% from the rainy season. Nine species of ants were identified belonging to three subfamilies: the Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus 1758) being the most common, comprising 39.2% of the total specimens. Only one ant species was found in each bait, facilitating microbiological analyses. In total, 92 bacteria isolates were identified comprising 12 species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Schroeter 1872 (Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae) was pathogenic bacteria, most frequently isolated, comprising 10.9% of the positive samples. The most contaminated ant in the study was M. pharaonis with 38.3%. It was the dominant ant species in this hospital environment. Its wide prevalence, forage day and night of this vector in hospital facilitated bacterial contamination. The presence of bacteria on ants may be associated with the dissemination of pathogens which cause hospital infections, making pest control a necessity in these institutions.

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