Referential Cohesion in Donald Trump`s Speech Transcript

Cohesion establishes the text or sentences and gives their meaning by the grammatical and lexical linking. Halliday and Hasan (1976) In Cohesion in English, identify five general categories of cohesive devices that are possibly implemented in texts: reference, ellipsis, substitution, lexical cohesion and conjunction. One of the cohesion meanings is reference. Reference is one of cohesive devices, and it contains the specific nature of the information needed to be retrieved for the comprehensive information. The problems discussed in this study are the type of reference applied in the speech transcripts and referential meaning presented in the speech transcripts of Donald Trump`s Speech. The aims of the study were to find out the reference applied in the speech transcripts and referential meaning of the reference presented in the speech transcripts. The main theory used was Theory of Cohesion proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976). The data in this study were taken from the website of Washington Post in form of transcripts. The data were collected using observation method and analyzed using qualitative method. There were two kinds of reference found in the speech; which were personal reference and demonstrative reference. The personal reference that occurred in the speech transcript included I, you, we, he, she, they, and it. Meanwhile, the demonstrative references that appeared in the speech transcript were this, these, there, here, now and the. These references were presented as endophoric, whether anaphoric or cataphoric. The comparative reference was absent. From this study, it can be concluded that referential cohesion takes an important role in a text or in this case speech transcripts, since the function of reference is to hold a text together and give its meaning.

Download Full-text

Analisis Kohesi Wacana Naratif “Mendongeng Lima Menit” pada Tabloid Tokoh

HUMANIS ◽

10.24843/jh.2018.v22.i04.p12 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 919

Author(s):

Wayan Sri Kusuma Wardani ◽

I Nyoman Suparwa ◽

I Wayan Teguh

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Quantitative Method ◽

Narrative Discourse ◽

Lexical Cohesion ◽

Cohesive Devices ◽

Distributional Method ◽

Observation Method ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

This study entitled “Analisis Kohesi Wacana Naratif ‘Mendongeng Lima Menit’ pada Tabloid Tokoh”. The aims of this study are (1) to identify the lexical cohesive device, (2) to identify the grammatical cohesive device, and (3) to identify the cohesiveness degree of a narrative discourse in “Mendongeng Lima Menit” on Tokoh tabloids. The method used in collecting the data in this study is observation method, and then the data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative method, quantitative method, and distributional method. The method used in presenting the data analysis are formal and informal methods. The source of data in this study is taken from the narrative discourse of “Mendongeng Lima Menit” in Tokoh tabloids, which consists of 27 fairytale stories. This study used the theory of cohesion by Halliday & R. Hassan in their book Cohesion in English (1976:4). This study found types of lexical cohesion, grammatical cohesion, and the cohesiveness degree in the narrative discourse “Mendongeng Lima Menit” on the tabloids of Tokoh. The lexical cohesion found were synonym, antonym, repetition, colocation, and equivalency. The grammatical cohesion found were reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. The cohesiveness degree of the narrative discourse “Mendongeng Lima Menit’ was high, which was 92,7% and they were built by 930 cohesive devices. The grammatical cohesion included the 210 references (22,6%), 44 substitutions (4,7%), 12 ellipsis (1,3%), and 528 conjunctions (56,8%). The lexical cohesion included 6 synonyms (0,64%), 31 antonyms (3,3%), 57 repetitions (6,1%), 36 colocations (3,9%), and 6 equivalencies (0,64%).

Download Full-text

THE EXPLORATION OF COHESIVE DEVICES IN SYNOPSIS WRITINGS PRODUCED BY ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

SALEE: Study of Applied Linguistics and English Education ◽

10.35961/salee.v1i01.73 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

pp. 51-66

Author(s):

Asprilla Aqmarina

Keyword(s):

Discourse Analysis ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Study Program ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Personal Reference ◽

Cohesive Devices ◽

Temporal Conjunction

Cohesive devices in a piece of writing serve to unify sentences within a text. Building upon Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) Cohesion in English, this study aimed to identify and classify cohesive devices and also to discover the effects of cohesion overuse and underuse found in synopsis writings written for Book Report 1 and Book Report 2 assignment. The data were collected from 40 synopsis writings produced by the 4th and 5th semester students of English Study Program of Universitas Gadjah Mada. The data analysis applied a qualitative method and the data collection used purposive sampling technique. The findings showed that reiteration was the most prominently used type and followed by reference, conjunction, and collocation with the frequency 2,193 (56.94%), 1,405 (36.48%), 64 (2.92%), and 252 (6.54%) times respectively. Other types with low occurrences were elliptical and substitutional cohesion that occurred 3 (0.078%) and 2 (0.051%) times respectively. In some cases, students tended to overuse and underuse cohesive devices. In terms of cohesion overuse, in some cases, the use of reiteration leading to lexical redundancy and monotonous sentences. And in cohesion underuse, the lack of using personal reference and temporal conjunction yielding ineffective and less cohesive sentences. Keywords: Cohesive Devices; Discourse Analysis; Synopsis Writings.

Download Full-text

Cohesive Devices in Narrative Songs of Jaran Manopetch

MANUSYA ◽

10.1163/26659077-00802001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Kritsana Athapanyawanit

Keyword(s):

Narrative Discourse ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Lexical Cohesion ◽

Demonstrative Reference ◽

Cohesive Devices ◽

Discourse Type ◽

Temporal Succession ◽

Structural Cohesion ◽

Agent Orientation

The main purpose of this study is to explore the cohesive strategies in the narrative lyrics of songs by Jaran Manopetch. The song data used in this research include the lyrics of twenty-eight narrative songs composed and arranged by Jaran Manopetch. The songs are classified as narrative discourse on the basis of two major traits of discourse type identified by Longacre (1983): Contingent Temporal Succession and Agent Orientation. Moreover, the song data are divided into two groups according to terminology and pronunciation of Jaran Manopetch: five standard Thai songs and twenty-three Kham Muang/northern Thai songs were studied. The lyrics’ cohesive devices were analyzed semantically and syntactically according to theoretical frameworks of Robert E. Longacre on the grammar of discourse and of M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan on cohesion in English. The cohesive devices in the narrative lyrics of Jaran Manopetch include the thematic elements identified by serial thematic verb construction, punctual and sequential indicators of events, structural cohesion: cycles, participant cohesion composed of two sections: introduction and maintenance of participants, demonstrative reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctive elements, and lexical cohesion.

Download Full-text

Cohesion in Academic Writing: A Comparison of Essays in English Written by L1 and L2 University Students

Theory and Practice in Language Studies ◽

10.17507/tpls.1007.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 761

Author(s):

Zhongqing He

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Academic Writing ◽

Writing Pedagogy ◽

Lexical Cohesion ◽

Demonstrative Reference ◽

Cohesive Devices ◽

L1 And L2 ◽

English Students ◽

Temporal Conjunction ◽

L1 English

Cohesion plays an important role in ensuring clarity, appropriateness, and comprehensibility in text. This study compares L1-Chinese and L1-English university students’ use of cohesion in English essays and examines the cohesive features in academic writing of L2 students from three perspectives: density of cohesion, distribution of cohesive devices, and distance of cohesive ties. Data consist of 126 student-produced essays in two corpora: 63 by L1-Chinese students from the TECCL corpus and 63 by L1-English students from the BAWE corpus. Findings indicate that L2 students have a lower density of cohesion in their academic writing. Their essays are marked by underuse of lexical cohesion and demonstrative reference, initial positioning of conjunctions, and heavy use of temporal conjunction. In addition, L2 students use significantly fewer immediate and remote cohesive ties, and the length of the material between ties is found to be inadequate compared to L1 students’ writing. The study has important implications for L2 writing pedagogy in China.

Download Full-text

A Study on Reference as Cohesive Device in Essays Written by the Fourth Semester Students of the English Study Program Universitas Riau

JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES ◽

10.31258/jes.4.1.p.212-219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 212

Author(s):

Nurhidayah Nurhidayah ◽

Jismulatif Jismulatif

Keyword(s):

Study Program ◽

Personal Reference ◽

Demonstrative Reference ◽

Written Texts ◽

Cohesive Devices ◽

Main Technique ◽

Research Findings ◽

Frequent Reference

This study aimed at (1) finding the types of reference as cohesive device in essays written by the fourth semester students of the English study program Universitas Riau, and (2) calculating the frequency of reference used in essays written by the fourth semester students of the English study program Universitas Riau. Documentation such as written texts was the main technique of collecting the required data. The data were analyzed by using theories from Halliday and Hassan (2013) about references as cohesive devices in the essays written by the students and by giving the percentage on the use of references. The research findings showed that all the types of reference as cohesive devices were used in the essays written by the fourth semester students with the total number of 954 devices. The most frequent reference cohesive devices used by the fourth semester students of the English study program Universitas Riau was personal reference with the percentage of 53.3% followed by demonstrative reference with the percentage of 45.8% and comparative reference with the percentage 0.9%. It could be concluded that Personal reference was the most frequently used because it may refer not only to a particular person or object, but also to any identifiable person.

Download Full-text

COHESION IN ANNE HATHAWAY’S SPEECH TEXT ON “PAID PARENTAL LEAVE IS ABOUT CREATING FREEDOM TO DEFINE ROLES”

KREDO Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.24176/kredo.v2i2.3344 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 325-337

Author(s):

Slamet Utomo ◽

Dita Indah Sekti

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Language Learning ◽

Parental Leave ◽

Lexical Cohesion ◽

Personal Reference ◽

Cohesive Devices ◽

Paid Parental Leave ◽

Temporal Conjunction ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

This research aims to identify the grammatical and lexical cohesion used in Anne Hathaway’s speech text on “Paid Parental Leave is about Creating Freedom to Define Roles”, and interpret how grammatical and lexical cohesion are used in Anne Hathaway’s speech text on “Paid Parental Leave is about Creating Freedom to Define Roles”.The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The result of this research shows that all types of grammatical and lexical cohesion are used in the speech text. For the grammatical cohesions are: reference (personal, demonstrative and comparative reference), substitution (nominal substitution), ellipsis (verbal and clausal ellipsis) and conjunction (additive, adversative, causal and temporal conjunction). Meanwhile, the lexical cohesions are: reiteration (repetition, synonym, superordinate and general word) and collocation. The most dominant of cohesive devices used in the speech text is reference especially for personal reference. All those cohesive devices are used clearly, it means that the speech text of Anne Hathaway entitled “Paid Parental Leave is about Creating Freedom to Define Roles” used grammatical and lexical cohesion well. Finally, the writer suggests that cohesion is important to be studied in language learning because cohesion can be used as a strategy to construct and comprehend any text especially for speech.

Download Full-text

An Analysis of Lexical and Grammatical Cohesion of Six Feet Apart Song by Alec Benjamin

Tafhim Al-'Ilmi ◽

10.37459/tafhim.v12i1.4026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 37-62

Author(s):

Hanif Maulaniam Sholah ◽

Ahmad Yunus

Keyword(s):

Discourse Analysis ◽

Lexical Cohesion ◽

Personal Reference ◽

Cohesive Devices ◽

Key Word ◽

Linguistic Aspect ◽

Frequent Reference

Abstract This paper shows the linguistic aspect in term of discourse analysis in the lyrics of song. Those aspects are cohesion device and grammatical cohesion. Cohesion devices divided into two descriptions, those are; grammatical and lexical cohesion devices. Grammatical cohesion contains reference, ellipsis, substitution, and conjunction while lexical cohesion contains collocation and reiteration. This research analyzes the lyrics from the soloist band namely Alec Benjamin entitle “Six feet apart”. After analyzing grammatical and lexical cohesion of six feet apart’s lyric, the result shows that the kinds of grammatical and lexical cohesion exist in the lyric. The first kind of grammatical cohesion which is found is reference. The kinds of references namely personal, adverbial demonstrative, selective nominal demonstrative, and comparative reference are found in the lyric. The most frequent reference which is used in the lyric is personal reference. The usage of cohesive devices is so important to make meaningful language to the lyrics of the song. The cohesion devices make the text united.. The function of lexical cohesion within the stanza in the lyric of six feet apart song is making a relationship and also it is used to express and to stress the singer’s idea. Key word: Discourse analysis, Lexical Cohesion, Grammatical Cohesion

Download Full-text

Cohesion and Coherence of Students’ Recount Texts in Indonesia

Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature ◽

10.15294/lc.v15i2.29003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 361-374

Author(s):

Arif Suryo Priyatmojo

Keyword(s):

First Grade ◽

Teaching Writing ◽

Definite Article ◽

Personal Reference ◽

Demonstrative Reference ◽

Central Java ◽

Thematic Progression ◽

Cohesive Devices ◽

Cohesion Theory ◽

Temporal Conjunction

This study aimed at analyzing the cohesion and coherence of recount texts and their implication to teaching writing. The data was fifteen recount texts which were non-randomly chosen from the first-grade students of high school in Central Java, Indonesia. This was qualitative research employing cohesion theory by Halliday and Hasan (1976) and thematic progression proposed by Butt et al. (1995). The result of this research showed that most of the cohesive devices employed by the students were personal reference with 58.11%; demonstrative reference and definite article with 7.18%; comparative reference with 0.93%), lexical (repetition 22.21%; synonym 0.66%; superordinate 0.13%), conjunction (temporal conjunction 7.45%; adversative conjunction: 1.33%; additive conjunction 1.06%; causal conjunction 0.66%), and ellipsis with 2%. The presuppositions of the presupposed items and presupposing items were achieved anaphorically and cataphorically; most of them were anaphoric. The distances of the presuppositions were in the forms of immediate ties, mediated ties, and non-mediated ties. Furthermore, immediate ties occurred extensively. Based on the analysis, most of the texts were cohesive due to the achievement of presupposing and presupposed items in every sentence of the texts. Then, coherence of the students’ recount texts was achieved by employing three kinds of patterns: reiteration/ constant, zig-zag, and multiple thematic progression patterns. Most of the texts were developed by using a reiteration/ constant pattern. Based on the analysis, most texts were not coherent because of the unrelated clauses. As the result, they broke the signposted progression of the texts. The finding was expected to possibly contribute to the process of teaching writing by encouraging the students to create a good text in a cohesive and coherent way.

Download Full-text

Lexical Variation of Sasak Kuto-Kute Dialect in North Lombok District

Jurnal KATA ◽

10.22216/kata.v3i1.4142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Gita Sarwadi ◽

Mahsun Mahsun ◽

Burhanuddin Burhanuddin

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Lexical Variation ◽

The People ◽

Observation Method ◽

The Village ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

<p>Despite Sasak community in five sub-districts of North Lombok uses the same dialect, namely kuto-Kute Dialect (BSDK), the people within those sub-districts demonstrate different lexicals to express the same meaning. The purpose of this study is to describe the lexicals variations in Kuto-Kute Dialect used by the community in North Lombok. This study used a descriptive-qualitative method. The data was taken by using observation and conversational method. Observation method was applied by observing the language used by communities within the observation spots in the village, while conversational method was used by having conversations with the informants from the observed villages. The data was analysed by using referential identity and distributional methods. The result of the analysis showed that Sasak Kuto-Kute dialect in certain gloss has lexical variations they are glosses having two lexical variation and three lexical variations.</p>

Download Full-text

Text Cohesion in English Scientific Texts Written by Saudi Undergraduate Dentistry Students: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Textual and Logical Relations in Oral Biology Texts

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211032194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 215824402110321

Author(s):

Hesham Suleiman Alyousef

Keyword(s):

Discourse Analysis ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Meaning Making ◽

Linguistic Knowledge ◽

Bachelor Of Science ◽

Lexical Cohesion ◽

Multimodal Discourse Analysis ◽

Multimodal Discourse ◽

Cohesive Devices ◽

Analysis Scheme

This qualitative study examined multimodal cohesive devices in English oral biology texts by eight high-achieving Saudi English-as-a-foreign-language students enrolled in a Bachelor of Science Dentistry program. A Systemic Functional Multimodal Discourse Analysis (SF-MDA) of the textual and logical cohesive devices in oral biology texts was conducted, employing Halliday and Hasan’s cohesion analysis scheme. The findings showed that students used varied cohesive devices: lexical cohesion, followed by reference and conjunctions. Although ellipsis was minimally employed in the oral biology texts, its discipline-specific uses emerged: the use of bullet points and numbered lists that facilitate recall. The SF-MDA of cohesion in multimodal semiotic resources highlighted the processes underlying construction of conceptual and linguistic knowledge of cohesive devices in oral biology texts. The results indicate that oral biology discourse is interdisciplinary, including a number of subfields in biology. The SF-MDA of pictorial oral biology representations indicates that they include instances of cohesive devices that illustrate and complement verbal texts. The results indicate that undergraduate students need to be provided with a variety of multimodal high-cohesion texts so that they can successfully extend underlying conceptual and logical meaning-making relations.

Download Full-text