scholarly journals Kebutuhan psikologis pada pecandu narkoba (Tinjauan kualitatif dengan teknik journaling sebagai metode penggalian data)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Putu Wulanbudi Setyani ◽  
Ni Luh Indah Desira Swandi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Categorical Aggregation

Indonesia darurat narkoba. Jumlah penyalahguna dan pecandu narkoba di Indonesia menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah setiap tahunnya. Aparat kepolisian dan BNN (Badan Narkotika Nasional) telah berusaha untuk memutus tali peredaran narkoba dan memberikan rehabilitasi bagi para penyalahguna dan pecandu narkoba. Tetapi pada kenyataannya 70% mantan pecandu narkoba mengalami kambuh dan kembali mengonsumsi narkoba. Program rehabilitasi medis dan sosial telah diberikan kepada pecandu narkoba tetapi pada pelaksanaannya program rehabilitasi tersebut dijalankan lebih pada konsep punitive daripada rehabilitative, sehingga kebutuhan psikologis para pecandu kurang diperhatikan. Program rehabilitasi diberikan untuk memulihkan dampak fisik dan psikologis yang ditimbulkan akibat penggunaan narkoba dalam jangka waktu tertentu, seperti misalnya gangguan pada kemampuan komunikasi yang dialami pecandu. Berdasarkan paparan tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali kebutuhan psikologis pada pecandu narkoba dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan teknik journaling. Data yang didapat dianalisis melalui empat tahapan yaitu categorical aggregation, direct interpretation, mencari pola (pattern), dan naturalistic generalization. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan 6 kebutuhan psikologis pada pecandu narkoba yaitu need of aggression, need of abasement, need of affiliation, need of play, need of sex, need of succorance. Kata kunci: Kebutuhan psikologis, pecandu narkoba, rehabilitasi

Family members' caregiving situations in palliative home care when sitting service is received: The understanding of multiple realities

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Wallerstedt ◽  
Birgitta Andershed ◽  
Eva Benzein
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Illness Trajectory ◽  
Palliative Home Care ◽  
Multiple Realities ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Categorical Aggregation

AbstractObjective:To deepen the understanding of the variation of complexity in family members' caregiving situations, when the private home is the place for care, dying, and sitting service.Methods:Seven relatives to a deceased family member from four different families were interviewed twice. Data were analyzed by direct interpretation and categorical aggregationResults:Various patterns of becoming a caregiver were showed, but family members' willingness to become family caregivers was strongly related to fulfilling the dying persons' wishes to be cared for in their own homes. Important factors for coping with the caregiving situation were their needs of support, the possibility to prepare for death related to a need of communication and planning, the length and predictability of the illness trajectory, and experiences of losses and grief. Sitting service was experienced as supportive for family caregivers when they had possibility to hand over care responsibilities, but as non-supportive when expected help not was received.Significance of the research:Family members' experiences of caregiving and their degree of vulnerability must be different, depending on whether it is a self-selected position or an imposed task. In general, family members in this study were willing to participate in caregiving for end-of life care, but subject to their own conditions. One way to decrease vulnerability is to assess the resources and competence in relation to the responsibility the person is expected to assume. The support and other efforts to help family caregivers must be related to their specific needs and reality, not only to what the care organization can offer as a standard solution.

Nigerian healthcare workers’ perception of transdisciplinary approach to older adults’ care: A qualitative case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 92-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine E Okoh ◽  
Olayinka Akinrolie ◽  
Hope Ilanye Bell-Gam ◽  
Isreal Adandom ◽  
Michael C Ibekaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Transdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Care Manager ◽  
Geriatric Unit ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Categorical Aggregation

Introduction There is a growing interest in collaborative care for older adults in Nigeria; however, little is known about the application of a transdisciplinary approach to care in a typical Nigerian geriatric unit. Therefore, we described healthcare professionals’ (HCPs’) perception of a transdisciplinary approach to older adults’ care in Southern Nigeria. Methods Using Stakian’s approach to a qualitative case study, we purposively invited 16 HCPs working in the geriatric unit of a teaching hospital in Nigeria to a single, in-depth, semi-structured interview. We analysed data using Stakian’s approach of categorical aggregation and direct interpretation. Results Our participants identified five-key features of a transdisciplinary approach to care: consolidated consultation, consolidated care documentation, care files accessibility, shared care decision and a designated care manager. HCPs stated that transdisciplinary approach to care allowed for a consolidated consultation of patients, with all the HCPs (in the same room or via telehealth/telemedicine) and care decisions should be shared between all stakeholders and documented in an accessible unified electronic care document that is managed by a care manager. Factors ranging from lack of consensus on time for a consolidation consultation to inter-professional conflicts were perceived as possible hindrances to a transdisciplinary approach to older adults’ care. Discussion The features of transdisciplinary care described in this study partly aligned with the WHO’s integrated care for older people (ICOPE). Additional components not captured in ICOPE were found. While the description of transdisciplinary was from the perceptive of our study participant, caution should be applied when interpreting these findings.

Alienation in Physical Education From the Perspectives of Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Spencer-Cavaliere ◽  
Mary Ann Rintoul
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Children’S Perspectives ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Categorical Aggregation

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the phenomenon of alienation in physical education from the perspectives of children. Of particular interest were children’s perspectives about the three constructs of alienation: (a) powerlessness, (b) meaninglessness, and (c) social isolation, as defined by Carlson (1995). A case study methodology was employed with sixth grade children (ages 10 and 11), with a total of 14 children forming the unit of analysis. Observations, field and reflective notes, drawings and semistructured interviews were used to triangulate the data. The data were analyzed by employing a continuum of inductive and deductive analysis, using categorical aggregation and direct interpretation. Three themes were identified as representative of the children’s perspectives: (a) degree of control, (b) meaning, and (c) social factors. The results are discussed in relation to their contribution to the understanding of alienation in children’s physical education and implications for practice.

Action inquiry and vocal ergonomics: A pilot study with sports coaches

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katie Buckley ◽  
Paul O’Halloran ◽  
Jennifer Oates ◽  
Mandy Ruddock-Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Vocal Health ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Action Inquiry ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Categorical Aggregation ◽  
Task Adaptation ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
Sports Coaches

BACKGROUND: Coaches critically rely on voice for occupational functioning, which has associated risks to vocal health. However, vocal occupational health and safety (OHS) and vocal ergonomics are not typically considered for, by, or with coaches. OBJECTIVE: This study piloted a participatory approach to vocal ergonomics, aiming to collaboratively (i) understand coaches’ vocally reliant occupational participation, and (ii) consider vocal ergonomic factors. METHODS: This research was undertaken at an international tournament for floorball (also known as ‘Innebandy’, ‘Salibandy’, or ‘Unihockey’). Three national coaches (n = 3) and the lead researcher undertook cooperative action inquiry. This piloted a participatory vocal ergonomics programme. Action inquiry methods included fieldnotes, interviews, observations, a workshop, ergonomics approaches, and a focus group. Multi-level analyses supported the findings, including categorical aggregation, direct interpretation, and reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Participants identified vocal ergonomic factors present at the tournament; including personal, activity, physical environmental, and organisational factors. Participants developed four vocal ergonomic approaches responsive to factors. These were: (1) player consultation, (2) ongoing feedback discussions, (3) movement and postural change, and (4) specific task adaptation. Approaches 1–2 directly supported coaches’ voices. Coaches posited limitations to other strategies, but made recommendations for future use. Coaches also reflected that this collaboration provided actionable voice insights and opportunities to address vocal ergonomics. They advocated for extended engagement with coaches, increased focus on vocal health, and inclusion of early career coaches in future programmes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support engagement of coaches, and other vocally reliant workers, in addressing voice use and vocal health at work.

Quantitative analysis by reconstruction of HREM focal series

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 740-741
Author(s):  
W. Coene ◽  
A. Thust ◽  
M. Op de Beeck ◽  
D. Van Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Initial Guess ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Coherent Field ◽  
Direct Interpretation

Compared to conventional electron sources, the use of a highly coherent field-emission gun (FEG) in TEM improves the information resolution considerably. A direct interpretation of this extra information, however, is hampered since amplitude and phase of the electron wave are scrambled in a complicated way upon transfer from the specimen exit plane through the objective lens towards the image plane. In order to make the additional high-resolution information interpretable, a phase retrieval procedure is applied, which yields the aberration-corrected electron wave from a focal series of HRTEM images (Coene et al, 1992).Kirkland (1984) tackled non-linear image reconstruction using a recursive least-squares formalism in which the electron wave is modified stepwise towards the solution which optimally matches the contrast features in the experimental through-focus series. The original algorithm suffers from two major drawbacks : first, the result depends strongly on the quality of the initial guess of the first step, second, the processing time is impractically high.

Interpretation of the Contrast of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Images of Ni4Mo by Means of Simulated Image Maps

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
A. Thust ◽  
K. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Antiphase Boundary ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Simulated Image ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Fcc Lattice ◽  
Direct Interpretation

The alloy of composition Ni4Mo develops, at temperatures below 860 °C, an ordered Dla-structure which is based on the fcc-lattice. This alloy has been widely investigated with respect to its physical properties and its ordering behaviour. High resolution studies are rare and concentrated mainly on its short-range order structure. The aim of the present work was to develop a detailed understanding of image contrast and to apply the results to antiphase-boundary studies in ordered Ni4Mo by means of a JEOL 4000 EX electron microscope.In high-resolution electron microscopy, depending on defocus and foil thickness, a large variety of different images is obtained. Only a few of these allow a direct interpretation concerning the location and the type of the atoms. By computing a through-focus/through-thickness map (TFTT map) before starting experimental work it is possible to determine the proper conditions at which images can be obtained which are closely related to the projected potential.

scholarly journals SMPLIP-Score: predicting ligand binding affinity from simple and interpretable on-the-fly interaction fingerprint pattern descriptors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Kumar ◽  
Mi-hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Scoring Functions ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Fingerprint Pattern ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Complex Features

AbstractIn drug discovery, rapid and accurate prediction of protein–ligand binding affinities is a pivotal task for lead optimization with acceptable on-target potency as well as pharmacological efficacy. Furthermore, researchers hope for a high correlation between docking score and pose with key interactive residues, although scoring functions as free energy surrogates of protein–ligand complexes have failed to provide collinearity. Recently, various machine learning or deep learning methods have been proposed to overcome the drawbacks of scoring functions. Despite being highly accurate, their featurization process is complex and the meaning of the embedded features cannot directly be interpreted by human recognition without an additional feature analysis. Here, we propose SMPLIP-Score (Substructural Molecular and Protein–Ligand Interaction Pattern Score), a direct interpretable predictor of absolute binding affinity. Our simple featurization embeds the interaction fingerprint pattern on the ligand-binding site environment and molecular fragments of ligands into an input vectorized matrix for learning layers (random forest or deep neural network). Despite their less complex features than other state-of-the-art models, SMPLIP-Score achieved comparable performance, a Pearson’s correlation coefficient up to 0.80, and a root mean square error up to 1.18 in pK units with several benchmark datasets (PDBbind v.2015, Astex Diverse Set, CSAR NRC HiQ, FEP, PDBbind NMR, and CASF-2016). For this model, generality, predictive power, ranking power, and robustness were examined using direct interpretation of feature matrices for specific targets.

Probability-based diagnostic imaging with corrected weight distribution for damage detection of stiffened composite panel

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172110339
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Liu ◽  
Binwen Wang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Xiaguang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Damage Localization ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Direct Interpretation

Due to no requirement for direct interpretation of the guided wave signal, probability-based diagnostic imaging (PDI) algorithm is especially suitable for damage identification of complex composite structures. However, the weight distribution function of PDI algorithm is relatively inaccurate. It can reduce the damage localization accuracy. In order to improve the damage localization accuracy, an improved PDI algorithm is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the weight distribution function is corrected by the acquired relative distances from defects to all actuator–sensor pairs and the reduction of the weight distribution areas. The validity of the proposed algorithm is assessed by identifying damages at different locations on a stiffened composite panel. The results show that the proposed algorithm can identify damage of a stiffened composite panel accurately.

scholarly journals Effect of External Charging on Nanoparticle Formation in a Flame

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2891
Author(s):  
Elena Fomenko ◽  
Igor Altman ◽  
Igor E. Agranovski
Keyword(s):  
Negative Ions ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Particle Charge ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanoparticle Formation ◽  
Noticeable Change ◽  
Nanoparticle Shape ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Shape Of Nanoparticles

This paper attempts to demonstrate the importance of the nanoparticle charge in the synthesis flame, for the mechanism of their evolution during formation processes. An investigation was made of MgO nanoparticles formed during combustion of magnesium particles. The cubic shape of nanoparticles in an unaffected flame allows for direct interpretation of results on the external flame charging, using a continuous unipolar emission of ions. It was found that the emission of negative ions applied to the flame strongly affects the nanoparticle shape, while the positive ions do not lead to any noticeable change. The demonstrated effect emphasizes the need to take into account all of the phenomena responsible for the particle charge when modeling the nanoparticle formation in flames.

A Logically Justified Model of Computation I

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Pierangelo Miglioli ◽  
Mario Ornaghi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Program Synthesis ◽  
Completeness Theorem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Computation Model ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Adequacy Condition ◽  
General Explanation

The aim of this paper is to provide a general explanation of the “algorithmic content” of proofs, according to a point of view adequate to computer science. Differently from the more usual attitude of program synthesis, where the “algorithmic content” is captured by translating proofs into standard algorithmic languages, here we propose a “direct” interpretation of “proofs as programs”. To do this, a clear explanation is needed of what is to be meant by “proof-execution”, a concept which must generalize the usual “program-execution”. In the first part of the paper we discuss the general conditions to be satisfied by the executions of proofs and consider, as a first example of proof-execution, Prawitz’s normalization. According to our analysis, simple normalization is not fully adequate to the goals of the theory of programs: so, in the second section we present an execution-procedure based on ideas more oriented to computer science than Prawitz’s. We provide a soundness theorem which states that our executions satisfy an appropriate adequacy condition, and discuss the sense according to which our “proof-algorithms” inherently involve parallelism and non determinism. The Properties of our computation model are analyzed and also a completeness theorem involving a notion of “uniform evaluation” of open formulas is stated. Finally, an “algorithmic completeness” theorem is given, which essentially states that every flow-chart program proved to be totally correct can be simulated by an appropriate “purely logical proof”.

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