scholarly journals The production of flame retardant paper with DOPO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Birtane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Flame Retardant Property ◽  
Paper Coatings ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Charring Agent ◽  
Coating Formulation ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

Flame retardant property to paper increases the use of paper and the value of paper products. The flame retardant property was achieved by the addition of an organophosphorus agent to the paper. A great deal of research has been done on 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivatives as flame retardants. To apply the flame retardant property in condensed phase, DOPO derivative materials are generally used as an acid source for intumescent flame retardants to promote dehydration and carbonization of the charring agent to form a continuous layer of carbon. In this study, In order to prepare a flame retardant paper coating, DOPO derivative was synthesized with 3-aminophenyl sulfone, and benzaldehyde reaction and the chemical structure of DOPO is illuminated by ATR-FTIR then paper was coating with a flame retardant coating formulation ingredient with DOPO. The paper’s properties were investigated. Surface energy of coated papers and contact angles were determined with goniometer. Printability parameters such as color, gloss, surface tension were examined. The results the study DOPO added paper coatings improve the paper flame retardancy.

Effects of heterionic montmorillonites on flame resistances of polystyrene nanocomposites and the flame retardant mechanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1295-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijiao Xue ◽  
Mingxia Shen ◽  
Fengling Lu ◽  
Yongqin Han ◽  
Shaohua Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Better Than

To improve the flame resistance of polystyrene, three kinds of organophilic heterionic montmorillonites (Na-montmorillonite, Ca-montmorillonite, and Fe-montmorillonite) reinforced polystyrene nanocomposites were prepared by melt dispersion method. The structure and composition of the organo montmorillonites were characterized by using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. The adhesion between organo montmorillonites and polystyrene was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The flame resistance and thermal stability of the polystyrene/organo montmorillonites were evaluated by cone calorimeter test and thermogravimetric analysis. The interlayer space of organo montmorillonites increased with the increase of the oxidation state of the cations. With the addition of organo montmorillonites, the peak values of all the flame resistance indexes of the polystyrene/organo montmorillonites nanocomposites decreased, among which the PHRR values have decreased the most, compared with those of polystyrene. Their corresponding test times have all been delayed following almost precisely the same trend. Therefore, their flame retardant ability come from their lamellated structures, their charring forming abilities, and the reducing power of Fe3+ in polystyrene/Fe-montmorillonite. Organo montmorillonites mainly act as a kind of intumescent flame retardants. The flame resistance of polystyrene/Na-montmorillonite nanocomposite was the best, and the polystyrene/Ca-montmorillonite came second, which is slightly better than that of polystyrene/Fe-montmorillonite.

Flammability and mechanical properties of poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) copolymer–containing intumescent flame retardants

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiren Huang ◽  
Jianwei Yang ◽  
Zhengzhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Flame-retardant properties of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and its two microcapsules, APP with a shell of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin (MFAPP) and APP with a shell of epoxy resin (EPAPP), were studied in styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS). The results indicate that APP after the microencapsulation leads to an increase in limiting oxygen index in SBS compared with APP. When dipentaerythritol is incorporated into the SBS composites containing the APP microcapsules, a further improvement in flame retardancy of the composites is observed. The microencapsulation does not result in much improvement of mechanical properties. Moreover, the effect of a compatibilizer (SBS grafted with maleic anhydride) on flame-retardant and mechanical properties of SBS/APP composites was investigated.

Synergistic Effects of Nanoporous Nickel Phosphates VSB-1 on Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 863-866
Author(s):  
Chao Peng ◽  
Shi Bin Nie ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Qi Lin He ◽  
Yuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽  
Nickel Phosphates

Nanoporous nickel phosphates (VSB-1) was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Then VSB-1 was added to the ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol system in polypropylene (PP) matrix.The synergistic effect of VSB-1 with intumescent flame retardants (IFR) was studied by cone calorimetry test. The results of cone calorimetry show that heat release rate peak (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of intumescent flame retardant PP with 2wt% VSB-1 decrease remarkably compared with that of without VSB-1. The pHRR and THR decrease respectively from 1140 to 286.0 kW/m2, and from 96.0 to 63.2 MJ/m2.

Study of Flame-Retardant Cotton Stalk Bast Fibers Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wu ◽  
Chun Yan Wei ◽  
Yong Zhu Cui ◽  
Li Hua Lv ◽  
Wang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Molding Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardant Property ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Optimal Processing

As PLA composites are easy to kindle, making flame-retardant composites is particularly important. PLA can be widely used after improvement. In the process of making cotton stalk bast fibers reinforced PLA composites, adding APP/PER a type of flame-retardants in the experiment produces a kind of composites with good flame-retardant property. Orthogonal experiment table including length and mass fraction of fibers, molding temperature and addition of flame-retardants was devised. Then the study focused on the flame-retardant property of the composites and the analysis of range and variance were done. The optimal processing condition was obtained: length of fibers was 8mm, mass fraction of fibers was 30%, molding temperature was 175°C and addition of flame-retardants was 10%. Fibers reinforced PLA composites with APP/PER got better flame-retardant property than the composites without APP/PER, with the LOI rising 6.61. This kind of composite can be extensively applied in many fields.

scholarly journals Effective chemical methods of fire control: new threats and new solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-448
Author(s):  
S. D. Varfoloveev ◽  
S. M. Lomakin ◽  
P. A. Sakharov ◽  
A. V. Khvatov
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

This paper discusses the prospective flame retardant systems for polymeric materials, while considering the environmental issues they create. Polymer nanocomposites with carbon nano-additives and layered silicates are presented as a new type of flame retardant system which exhibits a synergistic effect flame retardancy for traditional polymer thermoplasts. Particular attention is paid to the novel intumescent flame retardants based on the oxidized renewable raw materials, which can be successfully used in the manufacture of multi-purpose timber construction and polymer materials.

Flame Retardant Polyethylene with Intumescent System Containing Macromolecule-Encapsulated Low Molecular Weight Charring Agent

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifang Liu ◽  
Xing Huang ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Charring Agent ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Intumescent System

Intumescent flame retardants are important halogen-free products used in polyethylene. However, their thermal stability and water-resistance are major shortcomings. In this work, a composite charring agent, pentaerythritol (PER) encapsulated by thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was used in an intumescent system to improve the flame retardancy of high density polyethylene (HDPE). The encapsulation of macromolecular charring agent TPU can effectively suppress the esterification reaction of PER and acid source in the intumescent system during processing. It can also remarkably decrease the water absorption, thus producing flame retardant HDPE with high performance. The synergistic effects of other common flame retardants including melamine phosphate, melamine polyphosphate and ammonium polyphosphate with TPU-encapsulated PER, as well as the ratio of charring agent to acid source were investigated so as to determine the optimum formula for use in HDPE. The flame retardant HDPE can reach limiting oxygen index of 33 and achieve UL-94 V-0 rating at 3.2 mm thickness when the ratio of MP/composite charring agent is 2:1 w/w.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pentaerythrotol and Its Derivatives as Intumescent Flame Retardants for Polypropylene

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Huang ◽  
Jiayou Xu ◽  
Haiming Deng ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yuanfang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽  
Charring Layer ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Hydroquinol bis[di(2,6,7-trioxa-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-1-oxo-4-hydroxylmethyl)]phosphate (PBPP), which contains caged phosphates and benzene groups, was synthesized. The caged phosphate structure of PBPP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR). The experimental results showed that PBPP had better performance than 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethy1-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (PEPA) and pentaerythritol (PER) in water resistance, compatibility with polypropylene (PP), thermal stability, and flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant PP (IFR-PP) systems. It was attributed to the symmetrical structure and stereohindrance effect of PBPP. The IFR-PP systems reached UL94 V-0 flammability rating when the minimal addition of IFR with PBPP, PEPA, or PER was 25%, 23%, and 28%, respectively. The flame retardant mechanisms of IFR containing PBPP, PEPA, and PER were investigated by FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PBPP formed a perfect charring layer, with the high carbon content of PBPP helping it form the charring layer more quickly.

The Thermal Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Treated with Intumescent Flame Retardants

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Dan Rong ◽  
Chun Guang Song ◽  
Yu Wen Ji
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Burning Behavior ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardant (IFR), was synthesized. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was modified with IFR to get the flame retardant UPR, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI). 22.7% of weight of IFR was doped into UPR to get 28.5 of LOI. The thermal properties of epoxy resins containing IFR were investigated with thermogravimetry (TG). Activation energy for the decomposition of samples was obtained using Kissinger equation. The resultant data show that for UPR containing IFR, compared with UPR, IFR decreased weight loss, thermal stability, increased the char yield, which shows that IFR can catalyze decomposition and carbonization of UPR.

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