scholarly journals Spoofing and Jamming of GNSS Signals: Are They Real and What Can We Do About Them

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Meggs ◽  
RJ Watson
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Know How ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Radio Systems ◽  
Barrier To Entry

Put simply, ‘spoofing’ is a means of controlling the reported position and time of a GNSS receiver. Spoofing has now been well demonstrated in the experimental context, but until a few years ago it was regarded as “…a bit like UFOs: much speculation, occasional alarms at suspected instances, but little real-world evidence of its existence” (Ref. 1). In the intervening years spoofing has transformed from a research laboratory into an emerging threat. In this paper we focus on radio-frequency attack as the primary method of spoofing. However there is also the possibility of cyber-attack on GNSS systems, in which there is interception and modification of computed position between the receiver and application. It had perhaps previously been considered that the technology and know-how “barrier to entry” to produce an effective spoofer was itself a significant deterrent. However, the commercial availability of inexpensive (sub £250) software defined radio systems, low-cost computing and open-source GNSS signal generator software has all but eliminated this barrier. This paper will consider various methods of spoofing, means of detecting spoofing through analysis of signal anomalies and also mitigation of spoofing at the physical layer via the antenna and signal processing and at the software application layer through the detection of anomalies.

scholarly journals Electro-smog monitoring using low-cost software-defined radio dongles

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yassine Ben-Aboud ◽  
Mounir Ghogho ◽  
Sofie Pollin ◽  
Abdellatif Kobbane.
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Low Cost

scholarly journals A Local Oscillator Phase Compensation Technique for Ultra-Wideband Stepped-Frequency Continuous Wave Radar Based on a Low-Cost Software-Defined Radio

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Kazunori Takahashi ◽  
Takashi Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Oscillator ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Stepped Frequency

The paper discusses a way to configure a stepped-frequency continuous wave (SFCW) radar using a low-cost software-defined radio (SDR). The most of high-end SDRs offer multiple transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) channels, one of which can be used as the reference channel for compensating the initial phases of TX and RX local oscillator (LO) signals. It is same as how commercial vector network analyzers (VNAs) compensate for the LO initial phase. These SDRs can thus acquire phase-coherent in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) data without additional components and an SFCW radar can be easily configured. On the other hand, low-cost SDRs typically have only one transmitter and receiver. Therefore, the LO initial phase has to be compensated and the phases of the received I/Q signals have to be retrieved, preferably without employing an additional receiver and components to retain the system low-cost and simple. The present paper illustrates that the difference between the phases of TX and RX LO signals varies when the LO frequency is changed because of the timing of the commencement of the mixing. The paper then proposes a technique to compensate for the LO initial phases using the internal RF loopback of the transceiver chip and to reconstruct a pulse, which requires two streaming: one for the device under test (DUT) channel and the other for the internal RF loopback channel. The effect of the LO initial phase and the proposed method for the compensation are demonstrated by experiments at a single frequency and sweeping frequency, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can compensate for the LO initial phases and ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses can be reconstructed correctly from the data sampled by a low-cost SDR.

A Research of GIS Software Application Based on Cloud Computing

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 2107-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Jian Diao ◽  
Song Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Two Layer Model ◽  
Gis Software

Cloud computing is a novel network-based computing model, in which the cloud infrastructure is constructed in bottom level and provided as the support environment for the applications in upper cloud level. The combination of clouding computing and GIS can improve the performance of GIS, and it can also provide a new prospect of GIS information storage, processing and utilization. By integrating cloud computing and GIS, this paper presented a cloud computing based GIS model based on two features of cloud computing: data storage and transparent custom service. The model contains two layers: service layer and application layer. With this two-layer model, GIS can provide stable and efficient services to end users by optimized network resource allocation of underlying data and services in cloud computing.

scholarly journals Teaching and Learning Physics with Smartphones

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Á. González ◽  
Manuel Á. González ◽  
M. Esther Martín ◽  
César Llamas ◽  
Óscar Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
Know How ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
The One ◽  
Physics Experiments

The use of mobile technologies is reshaping how to teach and learn. In this paper the authors describe their research on the use of these technologies to teach physics. On the one hand they develop mobile applications to complement the traditional learning and to help students learn anytime and anywhere. The use of this applications has proved to have very positive influence on the students' engagement. On the other hand, they use smartphones as measurement devices in physics experiments. This opens the possibility of designing and developing low cost laboratories where expensive material can be substituted by smartphones. The smartphones' sensors are reliable and accurate enough to permit good measurements. However, as it is shown with some examples, special care must be taken here if one does not know how these apps used to access the sensors' data are programmed.

Fiscal and regulatory effects of the tobacco excise duty reform in Moldova: lessons for Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav IONITSE ◽  
◽  
Tetiana KOSCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Know How ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Cut Tobacco ◽  
Fine Cut Tobacco ◽  
Excise Duties

The article analyses the experience of reforming the excise duty on tobacco products in Moldova in order to build an information base of how innovations in taxation have been integrated abroad and how this experience is taken into account when making administrative decisions in Ukraine. Moldova has implemented a somewhat radical fiscally oriented excise policy, and its excise duty reform for certain types of tobacco products has often been ambiguous in terms of ensuring compliance with EU standards and attaining the claimed objectives. Up to 2020, the country had diverging excise duty rates for filter and non-filter cigarettes and minimum retail prices for these products, a practice that was contrary to the requirements of European harmonized excise duty accrual. In Moldova, the excise duty on heated tobacco products, which are potentially less harmful to human health, is set at the minimum excise duty for cigarettes, but e-cigarette liquids are subject to no excise taxation at all. The Moldovan excise duty on fine-cut tobacco is greater than 160% of the excise duty on cigarettes, but the steep rise in excise taxes has left cigars, cigarillos and other smoking tobacco unaffected. The country still has a room to increase the sales of certain types of tobacco products that will be in demand among smokers for their low cost, while paying rather modest excise duties. In conclusion, Moldova's experience in tobacco excise duty reform is controversial. None of the “taxation know-how” initiatives in Moldova can be called a success and cannot be recommended as an example for Ukraine to follow. Rather, Moldova's excise policy should be considered as an example of introducing ambiguous measures in order to hedge itself from making any glaring mistakes.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR INTELLIGENT TUNING OF OPERATING FREQUENCIES FOR COGNITIVE RADIO SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.О. КАНДАУРОВА ◽  
Д.С. ЧИРОВ
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Radio System ◽  
Cognitive Radio System ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Cognitive Radio Systems ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Radio Systems

Представлено описание разработанных программных модулей интеллектуальной перестройки рабочих частот для системы когнитивного радио, в которых применяется ранее предложенный алгоритм анализа использования радиочастотного спектра. Также разработаны программные модули для взаимодействия с программно-определяемыми радиосистемами, такими как LimeSDR. Экспериментально показано, что использование алгоритма предсказания занятости частотных каналов позволяет сократить время оперативного сканирования спектра. A description of the developed software modules for intelligent tuning of operating frequencies for the cognitive radio system is presented. These software modules use the previously proposed algorithm of RF spectrum utilization analysis. Also, software modules have been developed for interacting with software-defined radio such as LimeSDR. Experimental studies have shown that the use of an algorithm for predicting the occupancy of frequency channels allows reducing the time of operational scanning of the spectrum.

scholarly journals Design of a Low-Cost Ultra-Wide-Band Radar Platform

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2867
Author(s):  
Marko Malajner ◽  
Danijel Šipoš ◽  
Dušan Gleich
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Negative Power ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Sample Rate ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Strobe Pulse

This paper proposes an improved design of a pulse-based radar. An improved design of a pulse generator is presented using step recovery diodes and a signal mixer for the received signal. Two-step recovery diodes produce pulses of 120 ps in duration. A pulse generator is improved by removing the negative power supply, resulting in a reduced number of electronic pulses. A sampling mixer at the receiver’s site receives the generated signal and stretches it from picoseconds into microseconds. The improved pulse generator is also used in the sampling mixer as a strobe pulse generator, which makes the sampling mixer much simpler. The stretched signal is then sampled by a low sample rate using an analog to digital converter. The proposed radar design achieves up to 8 GHz bandwidth and an equivalent receiving sample rate of about 100 GSa/s. The radar is controlled using a software-defined radio called Red Pitaya, which is also used for data acquisition. The proposed radar design uses widely available commercial components, which makes radar design widely available with low cost implementation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document