scholarly journals EXECUTION OF PEASANT REBELS AND RURAL HOSTAGES IN TAMBOV PROVINCE 1918-1921

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
S. A. Parakhin ◽  
V. B. Bezgin
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Public Executions ◽  
The Military ◽  
Extrajudicial Killings ◽  
First Time

The article examines the practice of using the supreme punishment - execution, used by the repressive bodies of the Soviet government in the fight against peasant protests in the Tambov province during the civil war. The research was carried out on the basis of archival sources introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The work uses historical-comparative and systemic methods. An analysis of the facts of the execution of peasants carried out by punitive agencies during the suppression of rural "riots" of 1918-1919 and the period of the struggle against the uprising of 1920-1921 in the Tambov province is given. The facts of extrajudicial killings in the form of public executions of peasant rebels and hostages from among the civilian population, which were resorted to by the military-party administration in the occupied regions, were established. The role of the institution of hostages as a repressive measure in the actions of government troops to suppress the peasant uprising has been clarified. It is concluded that if during the period of rural "riots" in 1918-1919 execution was applied only to their organizers, then during the peasant uprising of 1920-1921 this form of the death penalty for "active" insurgents was given a systemic character, and the shooting of hostages from among local residents became widespread.

scholarly journals ROLE S.P. FEDOROV AND HIS DISCIPLES IN THE FORMATION OF PERM SURGERY AND UROLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
M I Davidov ◽  
O E Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Royal Family ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The work highlights the role of S.P. Fedorov and his students in the formation and development of Perm surgery and urology. Graduate of the Military Medical Academy, Life-surgeon of the royal family VN Derevenko created and organized the work of the clinic of Perm University and the first in the province department of surgery and urology, leading it from 1919 to 1924. From 1925 to 1931 the department and the clinic was headed by an employee of the Military Medical Academy, Professor D.P. Kuznetsky. For the first time, the literature covers the inspection trip of S. P. Fedorov in 1926 to Perm. In 1928, A.V. Lunacharsky called the Perm clinic "the pearl of the Urals."

scholarly journals GASTRONOMIC TOURISM AS A WAY TO ATTRACT ATTENTION TO A TOURIST DESTINATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
B. I. Aktymbaeva ◽  
T. V. Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Destination Brand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This article examines the main aspects of gastronomic tourism as a modern type of tourism. This work also tells about the history of gastronomic travel. Analyzed the main problems and prospects for the development of gastronomic tourism, as a way to attract the attention of tourists to tourist destinations in Kazakhstan. The role of this type of tourism in the formation of a tourist destination brand is revealed. The analysis of the development of gastronomic tourism in various countries is carried out and its contribution to the development of tourist destinations in these countries is evaluated.Purpose: to study the influence of gastronomic tourism on the development of a tourist destination, based on the experience of different countriesMethodology: theoretical research of information on a given topic, historical, comparative, analysis of literature on a selected topic, questioning.Originality / value of the research: this research was compiled by the author for the first time and is completely original workFindings: this research has proven the impact of gastronomic tourism on the development of a tourist destination and attracting attention to it. Recommendations have been developed for the creation and implementation of gastronomic tours to countries with potential for the development of this type of tourism.

scholarly journals Political Self-Identification of Russian Military Personnel in Finland in Spring 1917

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-308
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Dubrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The socio-psychological characteristics of the behavior of the Russian military in Finland in the initial period of the 1917 revolution were revealed, including the formation of behavioral stereotypes, new “images of the enemy”, a change in their ideas about “friends” and “foes”, and the transformation of social and moral norms. The relevance of the study is due to the need to apply a relatively new historical and anthropological approach to the study of the role of the military factor in the history of Russia and Finland. Based on the materials of the revolutionary Helsingfors and non-capital garrisons, the process of ideological and organizational self-determination of the supporters of the Socialist-Revolutionary and Bolshevik parties is considered, information about the number and the beginning of the activities of these party organizations is systematized and analyzed. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that addressing the problem of “Revolution and man” and studying the images of “Friends”, “Foes”, “Other” in the perception of participants and eyewitnesses of events in connection with their participation in social transformations of a revolutionary time allows for the first time to get an idea of the mentality of privates and officers — the most active part of the Russian population of Finland. The author comes to the conclusion that the role of the Russian military in the events of the spring of 1917 is much more significant than was previously assumed.

scholarly journals On the question of the fighting and numerical composition of the artillery of the Crimean front in february-may 1942

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
S. N. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

On the basis of archival documents, information on the combat and numerical composition of all parts of the artillery of the Crimean Front (February-May 1942) is summarized, and also for the first time data on forgotten artillery units participating in the hostilities are presented. Some provisions of modern studies on the military history of the Crimean Front are critically evaluated, the author’s version of the role of Soviet artillery at the time of the front breakthrough by German troops in May 1942 is advanced. Separate, most typical episodes of the use of artillery in Southeast Crimea in May 1942 are disclosed.

The Geneva Convention of 1906

1907 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Liberal Thought

The members of the congress of Vienna who, for the most part, directed the international politics of Europe for the first half of the nineteenth century, have never been accounted as exponents of liberal thought, or as the advocates of liberal policies. But it must be said in behalf of their narrow and, at times, reactionary statesmanship, that it kept the peace in western Europe during the period intervening between the battle of Waterloo, which terminated the military and political activity of the first Napoleon, and the appearance of his nephew in the rôle of a military commander in the Italian campaign of 1859. For the first time in recorded history it was given to the harassed inhabitants of the Rhine provinces to see a full half century of peace, and to enjoy so much as fifty years of fortunate and uninterrupted immunity from the hardships and sacrifices of war.

Texted Environmental Campaign in China

2014 ◽  
pp. 19-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cellular Telephones ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
First Time

This chapter examines how local residents were informed and rallied by the Internet and mobile phone messages for an unprecedented protest against the construction of a hazardous chemical plant in Xiamen, China, and how the municipal government responded by encouraging public participation in environmental decision making via the same communicational platforms. Using combined research methods including interviews and secondary data analysis, this research investigates the role of the Internet and cell phone message in mobilizing the general public to participate in the environmental protection movement in China. The role of Word Of Mouth (WOM) in the environmental movement is discovered for the first time. The unique mechanism of cellular telephones and the Internet in public participation involving multiple stakeholders in China’s environmental policy-making process is also discussed.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE ARMY IN MODERN PAKISTAN

2014 ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
V. V. Vorobiev
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The article studies the political development of the country in the modern period. Special attention is paid to the position of the army and its role in the Pakistani society. The article explores in detail the processes of gradual distancing of the army from politics and strengthening of civil society institutions. It is the first time in the Pakistani history that the civilian government managed to complete its full five-year constitutional term. Meanwhile, the country has been advancing on the path to democracy even after the elections 2013: a new civilian government has been formed in Pakistan. As compared with the previous phases of the country's development, the status of the army has considerably changed, evolved from "guiding force" to "shadow" guarantee of democratic development. The process has been largely encouraged by popular among officers feeling of tiredness: many of them are not ready to take power into their own hands and committed to their strictly constitutional duties. Despite this recent positive trend, the army continues to enjoy great authority in the society, often brokers political crisis and helps civilian authorities in settling such pressing problems as, for example, fight against extremism. The military will exert influence on government unless civil authorities are able to resist the current challenges and settle the actual problems. The role of "power broker" fully serves the interests of the top army brass.

scholarly journals Cantonment of troops and housing service in Belarus (mid 1850s – mid 1870s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-58
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr B. Arlukevich
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Housing Allowance ◽  
Housing Service ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The article reveals the essence of one of the phenomena of the era of Alexander’s reforms which on the scale of the Russian Empire was most common in Belarus but until now has not become the subject of research by Belarusian historians. According to the sources identified in the archives and book repositories of Belarus, Russia, Lithuania the military post due to the special geostrategic position of the Belarusian provinces in the mid 1850s – mid 1870s was an integral attribute of the daily life of hundreds of thousands of their inhabitants. In the present study is the first to assess the extent of involvement of the population in Belarusian provinces in support of troops of the Russian Empire housing allowance, sets out the principles and forms of army civilian infrastructure and food within the housing service, the role of local civil administration and selfgovernment in the cantonment of the troops on the ground. For the first time most of the used ones are mentioned.

scholarly journals Settlement of the Kiya River Basin by the Russians: Case Study of the Foundation of the Village of Сhumay in the Chebulinsky District of Kemerovo Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village

The present research featured the development of the Northern Kemerovo region. The paper focuses on the case of the village of Chumay in the Kiya river basin. The development of Russian settlements along the Kiya remains understudied. Existing publications give different foundation dates for the villages in the area of Prichulym'e. The Russians first came to the Kiya basin in the early XVII century. However, they were slow to settle down for a number of reasons. First, it was the military confrontation with the Yenisei Kirghiz. Second, the local taiga and mountains were impassable and unsuitable for farming. In addition, the existing communication routes were far from the Kia basin. The article describes the prerequisites and conditions for the emergence of Russian villages in this territory. The research was based on rare historical sources, e.g. memoirs of local residents and parochial documents, related to the foundation of the village of Chumay located in the Chebulinsk district of the Kemerovo region. The research revealed the settling process and some new data on the first settlers. The findings refute the thesis that this territory of the Kemerovo region was settled exclusively by fugitives and exiles in the XVII–XVIII centuries. The Russian advanced into the Kiya river basin after the military threat from the Kirghiz had been eliminated. Second, the indigenous peoples were converted to Christianity and had to pay tribute in furs. Third, a section of the Moscow-Siberian tract was built in the vicinity. Finally, voluntary migrants willing to settle down in the area were given a free piece of land. Unlike the rest of the Kemerovo region, the lands along the Kiya river were colonized by the Russians much later. The government colonization was organized and started "from above". It was represented mainly by voluntary immigrants. The research also revealed the role of migrants from the Caucasus in the development of the Kiya basin as they set up new settlements and went to live in sparsely populated villages.

scholarly journals The Project of the Yakut Regional Head N. I. Myagkov on the Arrangement of the Udsky Territory (the 1820s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Vasiliev Aisen D. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

For the first time in Russian history, on the basis of archival documents, the article examines the proposals of the regional chief Nikolai Ivanovich Myagkov on the arrangement of the transboundary region in the east of the Russian Empire ‒ the Udsky Territory of the Yakutsk Oblast (1827), which was adjacent to the Chinese possessions. The border position of the territory gave a special status, the region was characterized by a specific community. The relevance of the topic is due to modern issues of cross-border regionalization and, in general, a poor degree of knowledge of the history of the Udsky region of the pre-revolutionary period. The research is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, as well as historical-systemic and historical-comparative methods. The prerequisites and problems of reforming the region are analyzed, the role of N. I. Myagkov and an official for special assignments A. Y. Uvarovsky in the preparation of the project. The earlier submitted proposals of the Irkutsk authorities (1825) on the development of the Udsky region and the project of the Yakut manager (1827) in a comparative aspect are considered. We note that the project of the latter was characterized by a detailed understanding of the particular problems of the remote region. The mechanism of multilevel discussion of the project is highlighted, which is associated with the complexity of the management structure of the Yakutsk region. The author notes that the transformation of the region took place in the context of the implementation of M. M. Speransky's Siberian reforms of 1822, in particular with the aim of increasing government revenues, where the main focus was on limiting the abuse of local ministers and policies towards the aboriginal population. Given the special situation in the region, the project attached great importance to Russian-Manchu trade and economic relations. The Siberian Committee was engaged in strict regulation of the observance of the principles of the reform of 1822, in particular, the provisions of the “Charter on the management of indigenous peoples”. Strengthening personal supervision is seen as one of the main methods of the regional chief in solving problems of the local region. In conclusion, the prospects for further study of the presented topic are determined. Keywords: regional chief, N. I. Myagkov, project, arrangement, Udsky Ostrog, outskirts of the Russian Empire, Yakutsk Oblast

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document