Comparison of runoff, soil erosion, and winter wheat yields from no-till and inversion tillage production systems in northeastern Oregon

Conservation tillage has the potential to decrease the environmental footprint of pumpkin production, but possible trade-offs with yield are not well understood. This study experimentally tested the effects of three cultivation techniques (conventional-till, strip-till, and no-till) on pumpkin production, weed pressure, soil moisture, and soil erosion. Randomized complete block field experiments were conducted on Cucurbita pepo L. ‘Gladiator’ pumpkins in 2014 and 2015. Overall yields were higher in 2015, averaging 45.2 t·ha−1, compared with 37.4 t·ha−1 in 2014. In 2014, pumpkin yields were similar across tillage treatments. In 2015, the average fruit weight of no-till pumpkins was significantly greater than strip-till and conventional-till pumpkins, which corresponded to a marginally significant 13% and 22% yield increase, respectively (P = 0.11). Weed control was variable between years, especially in the strip-till treatment. Soil moisture was consistently highest in the no-till treatment in both years of study. Conventional-till pumpkin plots lost ≈9 times more soil than the two conservation tilled treatments during simulated storm events. The 2015 yield advantage of no-till pumpkins seems related to both high soil moisture retention and weed control. Research results suggest that no-till and strip-till pumpkin production systems yield at least as well as conventional-till systems with the advantage of reducing soil erosion during extreme rains.

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403 Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Yield and Soil Erosion in Three Tillage Systems

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.462c ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 462C-462

Author(s):

Michelle L. Infante-Casella ◽

Steven A. Garrison

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Production Systems ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Cucurbita Moschata ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

No Till ◽

Marketable Fruit

Many squash varieties are large-seeded and may be well-suited for planting under no-till production systems. A study was done at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Bridgeton, N.J., to evaluate the yield and loss of soil when butternut squash (BS) (Cucurbita moschata `Waltham') was grown using no-till (NT), strip-till (ST), and bare ground (BG) tillage systems. The soil was a Sassafrass gravely sand loam and the field had a 3% slope. A cover crop mixture of hairy vetch and winter rye planted on 23 Sept. 1998 using a Brillion seeder at a rate of 136.2 kg/ha and 610.2 kg/ha, respectively, was used to create the NT and ST plots. NT and ST plots containing the cover crop mixture were killed with Glyphosate and chopped using a Buffalo stalk chopper on 27 May. BG plots were tilled clean before planting and ST plots were rototilled to a 30.48 cm band to establish a seedbed. BS seeds were hand-planted on 7 July with a spacing of 38.1 cm between plants and 182.9 cm between rows. Irrigation was applied overhead at a rate of 6.28 cm/ha weekly. Erosion was measured using inverted pans over the soil area to be measured. Harvest took place on 21Oct. and yields included only marketable fruit with the following results: NT = 8.65 t/ha; ST = 8.99 t/ha; BG = 4.06 t/ha. Yields in the NT and ST plots were significantly higher than yields in the BG plots. Soil erosion measurements were taken on 21 Oct. Soil loss results from the plots were 0.08 cm (NT), 0.84 cm (ST), and 3.33 cm (BG). Soil loss, mainly due to water erosion, was significantly higher in the BG plots. BS yields can be significantly higher when using alternative tillage systems like NT and ST. When using NT and ST systems for the production of BS, soil erosion is reduced

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Effect of No-till Systems on Weed Control and Yields of Continuous Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450007079x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 813-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Charles L. Cleary ◽

Thomas F. Peeper

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Production Systems ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Yellow Nutsedge ◽

No Till ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Winter Annual ◽

Annual Weeds

Experiments were conducted from 1979 to 1982 to determine whether selected herbicide treatments applied before or after harvest would provide adequate weed control without the use of tillage between crops in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) production systems. of the herbicide treatments evaluated, only oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) at 2.2 kg ai/ha applied prior to wheat maturity adequately controlled summer annual weeds each year. Populations of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) and/or clammy groundcherry (Physalis heterophyllaNees) increased from continued preharvest use of oryzalin in no-till treatments and were greater than those resulting from conventional tillage or various postharvest no-till treatments containing glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. After 4 yr, populations of winter annualCruciferaespp. at one location were lower in treatments that had poorer control of summer annual weeds or volunteer wheat. At a second location, winter annual broadleaf species were more numerous in conventionally tilled than in no-till treatments. Wheat yields obtained with no-till treatments were lower than yields obtained with conventional tillage in seasons favorable for high yields.

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DIFFERENTIAL FERTILIZER N IMMOBILIZATION IN TWO TILLAGE SYSTEMS INFLUENCES GRAIN N CONCENTRATION

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss90-023 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 215-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. M. CAREFOOT ◽

C. W. LINDWALL ◽

M. NYBORG

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Production Systems ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

N Immobilization ◽

N Availability ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

No Till ◽

N Concentration

Differential N immobilization between conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) systems has been suggested as a possible mechanism for differences in crop response to N. To examine this effect, immobilization of N fertilizer was compared in NT and CT cereal production systems at two sites in southern Alberta (Lethbridge and Vauxhall) from 1983 to 1985. Fertilizer N, labelled with 15N, was applied at rates ranging from 25 to 50 kg N ha−1 to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Norstar'), barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Galt'), or spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Chester') in various rotations. Nitrogen immobilization was subsequently quantified by 15N analysis of crop tissues and soil N fractions. The amount of N immobilized was strongly influenced by climatic variables. In 1984, characterized by drought in the spring but significant precipitation during June, mean N immobilization losses for winter wheat and barley in the CT treatments averaged much less than those in NT treatments (20 vs. 34% of N applied). Conversely, in 1985, which was characterized by a wet spring and a very dry summer, N immobilization losses were comparable in the two barley tillage treatments (mean = 29% of N applied). Lack of precipitation early in the season appears to restrict immobilization less in CT than in NT treatments because of greater fertilizer-residue contact in the latter. Despite the trends in immobilized N, grain yields were often higher in the NT than in the CT treatments, indicating that yield differences were likely related to the availability of moisture rather than to N fertility. Restricted N availability resulting from immobilization losses, however, reduced grain N concentration in NT relative to CT treatments. Key words: No-till, conventional till, N immobilization, N response, residual N

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Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) control with soil-active herbicides in no-till fallow

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.143 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Drew J. Lyon ◽

Judit Barroso ◽

Mark E. Thorne ◽

Jennifer Gourlie ◽

Larry K. Lutcher

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Health ◽

Glyphosate Resistance ◽

Late Winter ◽

No Till ◽

Late Fall ◽

Excellent Control ◽

Prickly Lettuce ◽

Fall Application

Abstract The benefits of no-till fallow, which include reduced soil erosion, improved soil health, and increased stored soil water, are in jeopardy because of the widespread development of glyphosate resistance in Russian thistle. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of soil-active, residual herbicides for Russian thistle control in no-till fallow. The combinations of sulfentrazone + carfentrazone and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, and metribuzin alone were each applied in late fall, late winter, and split-applied in late fall and late winter at three sites: Adams, OR, in 2017–2018; Lind, WA, in 2018–2019; and Ralston, WA, in 2019–2020. All treatments provided good to excellent control of the initial flush of Russian thistle when assessed in mid-May, except the late-fall application of metribuzin at all three sites, and the late-fall application of sulfentrazone + carfentrazone at Adams. Cumulative Russian thistle densities, evaluated monthly throughout the fallow season, were lowest for the sulfentrazone + carfentrazone treatments, except for the late-fall application at Adams. However, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone and metribuzin provided greater control of tumble mustard and prickly lettuce than did sulfentrazone + carfentazone. Sulfentrazone + carfentrazone, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, and metribuzin can all be used for Russian thistle control in fallow. To reduce the risk for crop injury to subsequently planted winter wheat, a late-fall application of sulfentrazone + carfentrazone may be the preferred treatment in low-rainfall regions where winter wheat–fallow is commonly practiced. A late-winter application may be preferred in higher rainfall regions where a 3-year rotation (e.g., winter wheat–spring wheat–fallow) is common. Flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone should be considered if other broadleaf weeds, such as tumble mustard or prickly lettuce, are of concern. The use of these soil-applied herbicides will reduce the need for the frequent application of glyphosate for Russian thistle control in no-till fallow.

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Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.92.100-108 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (92) ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

T.S. Vinnichuk ◽

L.M. Parminskaya ◽

N.M. Gavrilyuk

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Root Rot ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Left Bank ◽

Soil Cultivation ◽

No Till ◽

Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

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No‐Till Winter Wheat Dry Matter and Tissue Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer Form and Placement

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300060020x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 1035-1043 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. M. Johnston ◽

D. B. Fowler

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Response ◽

No Till ◽

Tissue Nitrogen

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Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0475 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (3-5) ◽

pp. 691-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. P. Craig ◽

R. R. Weil

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽

Grain Production ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Mineral N ◽

Low Input ◽

No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

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Weed Flora and Soil Seed Bank Composition as Affected by Tillage System in Three-Year Crop Rotation

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10050186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 186 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽

Janusz Smagacz ◽

Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽

Elżbieta Harasim ◽

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Agricultural Science ◽

No Till ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Direct Sowing

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest around agricultural science and practice in conservation tillage systems that are compatible with sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative changes in weed flora and soil seed bank under reduced tillage and no-till (direct sowing) in comparison with traditional ploughing. In the crop rotation: pea/rape—winter wheat—winter wheat the number and dry weight of weeds increased with the simplification of tillage. The seed bank was the largest under direct sowing and about three times smaller in traditional ploughing. Under direct sowing, most weed seeds were accumulated in the top soil layer 0–5 cm, while in the ploughing system most weed seeds occurred in deeper layers: 5–10 and 10–20 cm. In the reduced and no-till systems, a greater percentage of perennial and invasive species, such as Conyza canadensis L., was observed. The results show that it is possible to maintain weed infestation in the no-till system at a level that does not significantly affect winter wheat yield and does not pose a threat of perennial and invasive weeds when effective herbicide protection is applied.

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