scholarly journals Dört Farklı Bitki Ekstraktının Patates Güvesi [(Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)] Yumurta ve Larvasına Karşı Toksik Etki Çalışması

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Yeşilayer ◽  
Melike Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Insecticidal Toxicity ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
Lavandula Officinalis

Two different thyme species (Thymus vulgaris L. and Origanum majorana L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) extracts were tested against pre-adult stage of Potato tuber moth-PTM [(Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)], which is an important quarantine pest. Each plant extracts prepared with ethanol were applied to larvae and eggs in three different concentrations 3%, 5 and 10 ml/L. In the egg treatments at the highest concentration (10% ml/L), inhibition rate was observed in Lavander and T. vulgaris 73.7%, in O. majorana 67.5% and in sage 66.2%, respectively. Results indicated that the mean number of hatching eggs were highly decreased as concentration increased, the highest decreased was observed with treated 10% concentration. of lavender and T. vulgaris. Observation were for 7 days. In the insecticidal toxicity study of against the larval stage, mortality were determined at the highest concentration (10% ml/L) in O. majorana 91.2%, Lavander 90%, T. vulgaris 87%, and Sage 83.7% at the end of 7th day. It was also determined that the larval mortality rate was higher with the increasing of extracts of 4 different plant depending on time. As a result, in this study, ovicidal toxicity of plant extracts was recorded against to on egg stage and it was that impact of insecticidal against to on larval stage also.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici in Sweet Basil Cultivation in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1402-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Guirado Moya ◽  
J. Gómez Vázquez ◽  
R. Blanco Prieto ◽  
J. C. Tello Marquina
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
Fungal Suspension

Recently, sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in greenhouses was introduced in Almería, Spain. It is typically cultivated in soil or perlite soilless culture. During the last 6 years, the following symptoms were observed sequentially in basil cultivation: yellowing and wilting of apical tips, wilting and necrosis of leaves and petioles, stunting, black lines along stems and petioles, and discoloration and necrosis of the xylem. Symptoms began at the apex and progressed to the plant base. Within 4 months of planting, symptoms developed in more than 14% of soil-cultivated plants, and in more than 13% of perlite-cultivated plants. Isolations from diseased xylem revealed the presence of Fusarium oxysporum. Inoculations were performed with a fungal suspension (104 CFU/ml) on basil cv. Genovesa, by drenching plants grown in sterile substrate or dipping the roots and transplanting plants into sterile substrate. Of 30 isolates, 80% were pathogenic and resulted in symptoms of the disease described above. The pathogen was reisolated from all inoculated plants. Inoculating Melissa officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Origanum majorana L., Mentha piperita L., Satureja hortensis L., and Thymus vulgaris L tested specificity of F. oxysporum. This test utilized the same methods used for basil. None of these species developed symptoms. Results indicated that symptoms of the disease on basil were caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici. Since cultivation of basil is relatively new to Almería, it was necessary to determine the source of the inoculum. Accordingly, 3,200 seeds from Germany and Italy, the primary source of seed in Almería, were analyzed. F. oxysporum was isolated from 0.5% of the seeds. Following methods used earlier, all isolates were inoculated on basil. Fifty percent of the isolates reproduced the disease symptoms. The results suggest that the seeds from Germany and Italy were the source of the inoculum, and to our knowledge, introduced the disease into the growing basil cultures of Almería.

scholarly journals PLANTS IN FAMILY LAMIACEAE USED MEDICINALLY IN THE HOMOEOPATHIC SYSTEM FOUND IN THE NILGIRIS DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
MUGENDHIRAN S ◽  
SHASHIKANTH J ◽  
MURALI M ◽  
RENU ARYA ◽  
RAJAN S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Prunella Vulgaris ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
Lavandula Officinalis

Objective: The objective of the present study was to survey and document homeopathic medicinal plants in Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: To collect homeopathic plants of Lamiaceae in the Nilgiris District, we undertook various field trips during the year 2018–2019. The plants collected were pressed, poisoned, mounted, and stitched on herbarium sheets and deposited at the Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy herbarium (Acronym SMPRGH). Results: The present study deals with both wild and cultivated species of 15 genera belonging to 24 species of Lamiaceae family members reported in the Nilgiris District. Reported homeopathy plants such as Aloysia citriodora Palau, Lavandula officinalis Chaix., Leonurus cardiaca L., Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link., Mentha piperita L., Mentha spicata L., Melissa officinalis L., Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum gratissimum L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Origanum majorana L., Origanum vulgare L., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, Plectranthus barbatus Andrews, Plectranthus fruticosus L’Her., Prunella vulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Salvia verbenaca L., Thymus vulgaris L., and Thymus serpyllum L., the present article gives the scientific name, synonym, homeopathic drug name, original author citation, English name, phenology, short description, and part of plant used for preparing homoeopathic medicine, whether indigenous or exotic and uses are given. Conclusion: Reported 24 homoeopathic medicinal plants are used in homoeopathic medicinal system to treat various diseases, and also present study reveals the importance of conservation and sustainable utilization.

scholarly journals Diferentes condimentos vegetais: avaliação sensorial e de atividade antibacteriana em preparação alimentar com frango cozido

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
F. Rodrigues ◽  
H.H.C. Carvalho ◽  
J.M. Wiest
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Allium Tuberosum ◽  
Capsicum Baccatum ◽  
Origanum Majorana

A partir da atividade antibacteriana in vitro, predeterminada em doze plantas com indicativo etnográfico condimentar, testou-se este atributo in loco no modelo caldo com frango cozido. Primeiramente, procedeu-se ao treinamento de 10 avaliadores, segundo a legislação vigente quanto ao Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, oportunizando conhecimentos prévios sobre as plantas salsa (Petroselinum sativum), manjerona branca (Origanum X aplii), manjerona preta (Origanum majorana), manjericão (Ocimum basilicum), sálvia (Salvia officinalis), tomilho (Thymus vulgaris), anis verde (Ocimum selloi), alfavaca (Ocimum gratissimum), alho nirá (Allium tuberosum), alho poró (Allium porrum), cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) e pimenta dedo-de-moça (Capsicum baccatum). Realizou-se, através da adição individualizada desses condimentos ao caldo com frango cozido, um Teste de Aceitação tipo escala hedônica, selecionando, dentre os doze condimentos, quatro deles que se destacaram sensorialmente, a pimenta dedo-de-moça, o alho nirá, o alho poró e o tomilho. Foi feito, então, um Teste de Aceitação de concentrações denominadas pequena, média e grande destes quatro condimentos, para determinação da intensidade sensorialmente melhor aceita. As quantidades eleitas (0,5 g de pimenta dedo-de-moça, 15 g de alho nirá, 15 g de alho poró e 5 g de tomilho) foram acrescidas ao caldo com frango cozido, sendo estes desafiados frente a Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) em concentração final de 10 UFC mL-1, limite tolerado pela legislação, tendo como grupo-controle o caldo com frango cozido sem condimentos. O crescimento bacteriano foi aferido a cada duas horas após a inoculação, até completar 24 horas de confronto, utilizando-se meio seletivo para coliformes termo-resistentes e incubação constante a 25ºC em DBO, sendo atribuídos valores arbitrários às variações logarítmicas de crescimento. Comparados ao controle, todos os tratamentos condimentados apresentaram, individualmente, atividade antibacteriana significativa, mesmo que sem significância quando comparados entre si. Contudo, em relação ao tempo de início da atividade antibacteriana, destacou-se a pimenta dedo-de-moça, enquanto que, em relação ao prolongamento dessa ação no tempo, destacou-se o alho nirá. As 12 plantas condimentares em estudo tiveram atestada a sensorialidade, sendo que as quatro plantas com destaque tiveram a atividade anti-coliforme termo-resistente comprovada in loco. Diferentes condimentos vegetais foram capazes de fornecer qualificação sensorial e sanitária em caldo com frango cozido, em condições domésticas de manuseio.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficacy of Some Medicinal Plants on Multidrug Resistance Bacteria and Their Toxicity on Eukaryotic Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8479
Author(s):  
Sereen M. B. Bataineh ◽  
Yaser H. Tarazi ◽  
Wafá A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of medicinal Methanolic plant extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria to determine the cytotoxicity of these extracts on eukaryotic cells, and to confirm their efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in experimental animals. The effects of the methanol extract of sixty folk plants were investigated on; MRSA, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase E. coli and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disc diffusion and MIC assay. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT and hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Three plant extracts with the highest antimicrobial activities were tested using a challenge experiment on mice. Systemic infection was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation of (5 × 106 CFU/mL) of MRSA isolate. Then mice received 300 mg/kg body weight of the plant extracts daily for seven days. The efficacy of plant extracts was evaluated by general health, mortality rate, gross lesion, and histopathology study of inoculated mice. Only ten plants showed activities against different MDR bacteria with inhibitory zones ranging from (8 to 22 mm) in diameter. Of the ten medicinal plant extracts, and Aloysia citrodora showed the highest activities against MRSA and Camellia sinensis MSSA isolates, with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/mL, followed by Hibiscus sabdariffa, Thymus vulgaris, and Glycyrrhiza glabra. Furthermore, the extract of the effective plants showed low toxicity against Vero and fibroblasts cell lines, along with inhibitory activities to erythrocytes membrane disruption. The in vivo study demonstrated that Camellia sinensis showed significant activity against MRSA infections in mice. The results validate that these plants are effective and safe antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistance bacteria, and have the potential to be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Effect of some plant extracts on germination and seeding of Raphanus sativus and effect on surface growth ofRhizoctonia solani

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-323
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Surface Growth ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Salvia Sclarea ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Infection Percentage

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of leaves extract of Salvia sclarea , Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris with 10% and 30% concentration on germination of seeds and growth of seedlings . The effect of these extracts on infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of Rhizoctonia solani . The results showed that the three extracts effected significantly to reduced percentage of seeds germination, acceleration of germination , promoter indicator , infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of R. solani especially in 30% concentration .

Corrosion inhibition characteristics of Thymus vulgaris, Xylopia aethiopica and Zingiber officinale extracts on mild steel in H2SO4 solutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Okafor ◽  
E.A. Apebende
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the inhibitive action of the corrosion of mild steel in sulphuric acid solutions by ethanol extracts of Thymus vulgaris (TYV), Xylopia aethiopica (XYA) and Zingiber officinale (ZGO) as eco-friendly and non-toxic mild-steel corrosion inhibitors in H2SO4 solutions. Design/methodology/approach Ethanol extracts of TYV leaves, XYA fruits and ZGO roots were used as inhibitors in various corrosion tests. Gravimetric and gasometric techniques were used to characterize the mechanism of inhibition. Findings Results indicate that the extracts inhibit the corrosion process efficiently. Inhibition efficiency was found to increase with an increase in extract concentration and decrease with an increase in temperature. Inhibition efficiencies followed the trend TYV > ZGO > XYA. Thermodynamic considerations revealed that the energy of activation increased in the presence of the plant extracts. Adsorption of the plant extracts on mild steel surface occurred spontaneously, and Ea and ΔGads values confirm a physical adsorption processes. Phytochemical studies showed the presence of saponoids, flavonoids and polyphenols whose attachment to adsorption sites on the metal surface is responsible for the inhibition process. Experimental data fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Practical implications The plant extracts can be used in chemical cleaning and picking processes. Originality/value The research provides information on the possible use of the ethanol extracts from TYV leaves, XYA fruits and ZGO roots as sources of cheap, eco-friendly and non-toxic corrosion inhibitors.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelita Phambala ◽  
Yolice Tembo ◽  
Trust Kasambala ◽  
Vernon H. Kabambe ◽  
Philip C. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Foliar Damage

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa where it continues to disrupt agriculture, particularly smallholder cereal production. Management of FAW in its native range in the Americas has led to the development of resistance to many commercial pesticides before its arrival in Africa. Pesticide use may therefore be ineffective for FAW control in Africa, so new and more sustainable approaches to pest management are required that can help reduce the impact of this exotic pest. Pesticidal plants provide an effective and established approach to pest management in African smallholder farming and recent research has shown that their use can be cost-beneficial and sustainable. In order to optimize the use of botanical extracts for FAW control, we initially screened ten commonly used plant species. In laboratory trials, contact toxicity and feeding bioassays showed differential effects. Some plant species had little to no effect when compared to untreated controls; thus, only the five most promising plant species were selected for more detailed study. In contact toxicity tests, the highest larval mortality was obtained from Nicotiana tabacum (66%) and Lippia javanica (66%). Similarly, in a feeding bioassay L. javanica (62%) and N. tabacum (60%) exhibited high larval mortality at the highest concentration evaluated (10% w/v). Feeding deterrence was evaluated using glass-fibre discs treated with plant extracts, which showed that Cymbopogon citratus (36%) and Azadirachta indica (20%) were the most potent feeding deterrents among the pesticidal plants evaluated. In a screenhouse experiment where living maize plants infested with fall armyworm larvae were treated with plant extracts, N. tabacum and L. javanica were the most potent species at reducing foliar damage compared to the untreated control whilst the synthetic pesticide chlorpyrifos was the most effective in reducing fall armyworm foliar damage. Further field trial evaluation is recommended, particularly involving smallholder maize fields to assess effectiveness across a range of contexts.

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