scholarly journals Bazı Yerel Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinin Erken Gelişme Dönemindeki Tuz Stresine Toleransının İncelenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Kübra Özdemir Dirik ◽  
İbrahim Saygılı ◽  
Mahir Özkurt ◽  
Mehmet Ali Sakin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress factors causing serious problems in agricultural areas in the world. In this study aimed to determine the salt stress tolerance of local bread wheat genotypes collected from some provinces of Turkey and provided from seed gene banks in our country in early growth stage. In the research, twenty five local bread wheat genotypes and four registered bread wheat cultivars as standard were used as material. Genotypes were subjected to salt stress germination percentage, radicle length, coleoptile length, shoot length, germination index, root fresh and dry weight, were measured. Germination percentage was decreased significantly by 39.1 % in salt application compared to the control. According to the germination percentages, TR 53869, Kate A1 and Pehlivan genotypes were found to be tolerant to salt stress in early growth stage TGB 000543 and TR 63579 were sensitive. Considering all traits investigated, genotype TR 53869 can be considered as a genotype tolerant to salt stress in early growth stage. It is predicted that this genotype can be used in breeding studies for the areas where salt stress is a problem in wheat.

THE EFFECT OF TWO HERBICIDES, BROMOXYNIL AND DICAMBA, ON THE TRANSPIRATION OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT AND BARLEY

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Friesen ◽  
D. A. Dew
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Herbicide Activity

Tartary buckwheat, Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn., sprayed with a quick- and a slow-acting herbicide continued to transpire water until the plants were dead. The quick-acting contact herbicide bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy benzonitrile, reduced transpiration by 50% within one day and by over 80% within two days afer spraying. The systemic herbicide dicamba, 2-methoxy-3,6 dichlorobenzoic acid, did not reduce transpiration to near this level until 10 days after spraying. These transpiration differences due to the differential herbicide activity were highly significant. When buckwheat and barley were grown together and harvested 11 days after spraying, removal of the weed with these herbicides resulted in significantly heavier barley seedlings with more tillers per plant than in the untreated check. The differences in barley dry weight and culms per plant between the bromoxynil and dicamba treatments were not significant at this early growth stage. However, when harvested at the fully headed stage, the earlier removal of the buckwheat competition with the bromoxynil treatment resulted in the production of more dry weight of barley and heads per plant than with the slower acting dicamba.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Canola Genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Kürşat Korkmaz ◽  
Çağatay Altıntaş
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Use Efficiency

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a widespread macronutrient deficiency and is one of the major constraints limiting canola production. Efficient P fertilizer method’s is important for economic production of canola and sustaining of environmental quality. The aim of this research is to investigate P use efficiency (PUE) of canola genotypes at an early growth stage. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme. The factors were ten canola genotypes (Excalibur, Nelson, Vectra, Orkan, Triangel, TKK08-5, Oase, Elvis, Es Hydromel and Licord) and three P rates (0, 50 and 100 mg kg-1). The plant parameters, dry weight of shoot and root varies significantly with P levels in all applications. In general, P concentrations and dry weight of the genotypes are linearly raised by P treatments. The genotype Elvis produced significantly higher shoot dry matter 9.24 g pot-1 at 100 mg kg-1 P rate compared to the other applications. However, without P, dry matter (DM) of genotypes varied between 1.67 to 6.96 g pot-1. Cultivars classified as efficient responsive are: Elvis, inefficient responsive: Nelson, Orkan, Oase, Licord, and efficient nonresponsive: Excalibur, Vectra, Triangel, TKK08-5, Es Hydromel. Plant dry matter can be used for identification of the genotypes which could be adapted to low or high soil P availability conditions at an early growth stage. Nutrient use efficiency and genotypic differences in plants should be considered in order to create an accurate and a balanced fertilizer program as well as improving crop yield in agricultural production system.

scholarly journals Effects of salinity stress on seedling biomass, physiochemical properties and grain yield in different breeding wheat genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboghadareh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mehrvar ◽  
Sara Sanjani ◽  
Ashkboos Amini ◽  
Hamidreza Nikkhah Chaman-Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Abstract The salinity tolerance of 17 breeding wheat genotypes along with three local varieties was evaluated under control and salinity stress (160 mM NaCl) conditions. At the seedling stage, shoot and root dry weights, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), root and shoot Na+ (RN and SN), root and shoot K+ (RK and SK), root and shoot K+/Na+ ratios (RKN and SKN), root-to-shoot Na+ translocation (RTSN), root-to-shoot K+ translocation (RTSK), stomatal conductance (GS), transpiration rate (TE), and photosynthesis rate (PN) were measured. Moreover, the investigated genotypes were assessed in terms of grain yield across four saline regions during the 2018–2019 cropping seasons. Salinity stress caused a significant reduction in the RDW, SDW, PN, GS, TE, SK, RKN, SKN, RTSN, and RTSK, but resulted in increased RN, RK, and SN. The results of AMMI analysis of variance also indicated significant differences among test locations, genotypes, and their interaction effects. The PCA-based biplot revealed that grain yield strongly correlated with RKN and RK. Furthermore, the correlation among PN, GS, and TE traits was strong and positive and had a positive correlation with RWC, MSI, RDW, and SPAD index. Considering our results, RK and RKN were identified as useful physiological tools to screen salt tolerance at the early-growth stage. According to the ranking patterns obtained by the average sum of ranks method (ASR) and grain yield, we observed that genotype number G5 had considerable physiological potential at the early-growth stage and also responded well to soil salinity at the farm; thus this genotype can be promoted for commercial production.

scholarly journals Identification of Wheat Genotypes Under Drought Stress Conditions at Early Germination Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Munir Ahmad ◽  
Asim Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
Germination Stage

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a staple crop of most of the irrigated as well as rainfed areas of the world including Pakistan. Thirty wheat genotypes were used to study the effect of low moisture stress by using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000) under concentration (0%, 15% and 25%) of PEG-6000 at the germination stage. Data was recorded for germination percentage, shoot length, root length, coleoptile length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. The results of the analysis were significant and positively Co-related among all parameters. About fourteen genotypes shows 100 % germination in both control as well as under 15% PEG-6000 conditions. Chakwal- 81, Punjab- 2011, AAS- 2011, Pirsabak- 2005, Pakistan- 2013, Chakwal- 50, Pisabak - 91 and Lasani- 2008 performance was better under control as well as 15 % PEG-6000 among all thirty genotypes. While AAUR-10 and Bhakkar-2002 showed no growth under all three concentrations because of fungal growth.

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

scholarly journals Halotolerant Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Mitigation of Salinity Stress, Growth Promotion, and Mineral Uptake in Tomato Plants and Soil Nutrient Enrichment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8369
Author(s):  
Chintan Kapadia ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
Hesham Ali El Enshasy ◽  
Harihar Vaidya ◽  
Deepshika Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Secondary Roots

Salinity significantly impacts the growth, development, and reproductive biology of various crops such as vegetables. The cultivable area is reduced due to the accumulation of salts and chemicals currently in use and is not amenable to a large extent to avoid such abiotic stress factors. The addition of microbes enriches the soil without any adverse effects. The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions. Salinity treatments comprising Ec 0, 2, 5, and 8 dS/m were established by mixing soil with seawater until the desired Ec was achieved. The seedlings were transplanted in the pots of the respective pH and were inoculated with microbial consortia. After sufficient growth, these seedlings were transplanted in soil seedling trays. The measurement of soil minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and pH and the Ec were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation. The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters. In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents. While bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia). The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes, but the beneficial effect of the microbe helps plants sustain in the saline environment. The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant; thus, it produced higher biomass and growth. Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress. Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions.

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