scholarly journals The Effects of Co-Enzyme Q10 and Caffeine on Morphometric Characteristics of Queen Honey Bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Samet Okuyan ◽  
Paul Cross
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Colony Performance ◽  
Wing Width ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Honey Bee Queen ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Honey bee queen quality is a critical factor of colony performance. Indications of such qualities can manifest themselves through morphological traits such as wet weight and thorax width. Improving such characteristics is driven in part by nutritional provision in queen-cell-builder hives. We investigated the potential to improve queen quality by adding coenzyme Q10 (endogenous antioxidant) and caffeine (central nervous system stimulator) to feeder syrup in queen-cell-builder colonies for 15 and 20 days prior to grafting, two sets of queens were reared. We recorded subsequent wet weight, body length, head width and length, thorax and wing width and length, and spermathecae diameter. The queen-cell acceptance rate was not affected by either treatment or graft period. Coenzyme Q10 increased wet weight, body and wing length in the first graft, and thorax width, wing length and spermathecae diameter in the second graft. The caffeine treatment increased head and thorax length in first graft and thorax width in the second. A mix of the two substances (coenzyme Q10 and caffeine) increased head width in the first graft and spermathecae diameter in the second graft. This study suggests that the application of coenzyme Q10 to cell-builder colonies at least 15 days prior to grafting can increase reared wet weight (the most significant quality indicator) and thorax width of queen bees.

scholarly journals The Effects of Age and Number of Grafted Larvae on Some Physical Characteristics of Queen Bees and Acceptance Rate of Queen Bee Cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samet Okuyan ◽  
Ethem Akyol
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Thorax Length ◽  
Wing Width ◽  
Queen Bees ◽  
Acceptance Rates

This study was carried out to determine the effects of age and number of grafted larvae on acceptance rates, body weight, body length, head width and length, thorax width and length, and wing width and length of queen bees. One breeding and eleven starter hives were used for rearing queen bees. Totally, 495 one, two, and three-day-old larvae were grafted into starter hives comprising 30, 45, and 60 and 414 larvae were accepted; thus, generally, the acceptance rate was calculated as 83%. The best acceptance rate was calculated in three-day-old larvae group as 85.15%. There were found a statistically significant effect of the number of grafted larvae on body length and head width of queen. However, there were any effects on weight, head length, thorax width, thorax length, wing width, wing length, and acceptance rate of larvae. Age of grafted larvae did not have a statistically significant effect on head width, head length, wing width and acceptance rate of larvae. On the other hand, age of grafted larvae had a statistically significant effect on queen weight, body length, thorax width and length, and wing length of queen. If bee breeders wish to improve their stock, they should graft one-day-old larvae for rearing better queen bees.

scholarly journals The Genetic Basis of the Interspecific Differences in Wing Size in Nasonia (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae): Major Quantitative Trait Loci and Epistasis

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-684
Author(s):  
J Gadau ◽  
R E Page ◽  
J H Werren
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Wing Width

Abstract There is a 2.5-fold difference in male wing size between two haplodiploid insect species, Nasonia vitripennis and N. giraulti. The haploidy of males facilitated a full genomic screen for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting wing size and the detection of epistatic interactions. A QTL analysis of the interspecific wing-size difference revealed QTL with major effects and epistatic interactions among loci affecting the trait. We analyzed 178 hybrid males and initially found two major QTL for wing length, one for wing width, three for a normalized wing-size variable, and five for wing seta density. One QTL for wing width explains 38.1% of the phenotypic variance, and the same QTL explains 22% of the phenotypic variance in normalized wing size. This corresponds to a region previously introgressed from N. giraulti into N. vitripennis that accounts for 44% of the normalized wing-size difference between the species. Significant epistatic interactions were also found that affect wing size and density of setae on the wing. Screening for pairwise epistatic interactions between loci on different linkage groups revealed four additional loci for wing length and four loci for normalized wing size that were not detected in the original QTL analysis. We propose that the evolution of smaller wings in N. vitripennis males is primarily the result of major mutations at few genomic regions and involves epistatic interactions among some loci.

scholarly journals The Pathogen Profile of a Honey Bee Queen Does Not Reflect That of Her Workers

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Kevill ◽  
Katie Lee ◽  
Michael Goblirsch ◽  
Erin McDermott ◽  
David R. Tarpy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Black Queen Cell Virus ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Honey Bee Queen ◽  
Acute Bee Paralysis Virus ◽  
Paralysis Virus

Throughout a honey bee queen’s lifetime, she is tended to by her worker daughters, who feed and groom her. Such interactions provide possible horizontal transmission routes for pathogens from the workers to the queen, and as such a queen’s pathogen profile may be representative of the workers within a colony. To explore this further, we investigated known honey bee pathogen co-occurrence, as well as pathogen transmission from workers to queens. Queens from 42 colonies were removed from their source hives and exchanged into a second, unrelated foster colony. Worker samples were taken from the source colony on the day of queen exchange and the queens were collected 24 days after introduction. All samples were screened for Nosema spp., Trypanosome spp., acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), Lake Sinai virus (LSV), and deformed wing virus master variants (DWV-A, B, and C) using RT-qPCR. The data show that LSV, Nosema, and DWV-B were the most abundant pathogens in colonies. All workers (n = 42) were LSV-positive, 88% were Nosema-positive, whilst pathogen loads were low (<1 × 106 genome equivalents per pooled worker sample). All queens (n = 39) were negative for both LSV and Nosema. We found no evidence of DWV transmission occurring from worker to queen when comparing queens to foster colonies, despite DWV being present in both queens and workers. Honey bee pathogen presence and diversity in queens cannot be revealed from screening workers, nor were pathogens successfully transmitted to the queen.

scholarly journals Clines in body dimensions in populations of Drosophilia subobscura

1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Misra ◽  
E. C. R. Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Wing Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Thorax Length ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Genetic Regression ◽  
Mental Regression

Five dimensions—wing length and width, thorax length, head width and tibia length—have been measured on samples of twelve populations of Drosophila subobscura taken from different parts of the species range, extending from Scotland to Israel. The populations had been started from thirty or more pairs of flies and maintained in the laboratory for eight to eleven generations. They were reared for measurement under standard conditions, so that any differences between them must be of genetic origin. The localities from which the populations came ranged over 25° of latitude and 15° F. in mean annual temperature.The population means of the five dimensions all showed strong positive correlations with latitude and slightly lower negative correlations with mean annual temperature. There is, in consequence, a very uniform cline in the five dimensions, each increasing as we move northwards. This pattern differs from that found for essentially the same dimensions of D. robusta by Stalker & Carson (1947), where all the correlations with latitude are lower and those for head and thorax size are of opposite sign in the two species.A partial correlation analysis and reference to selection experiments suggests that there are two distinct groups of genes involved in these clines: (1) a group of genes causing increase in relative wing and leg size, and responsible for the positive correlation of these dimensions with latitude in both species, and (2) a group of general size genes causing correlated changes in all dimensions, which have been selected in opposite directions in the two species, with the result that head and thorax size increase in subobscura but decrease in robusta as latitude increases. The ratio of wing length to thorax length has a high positive correlation with latitude in both species.Further analysis of the data available on both species brings out the following points:1. In subobscura there is considerable variation between localities remaining for all dimensions when the correlations with latitude are eliminated. This component of variance is much larger in proportion to the within-locality variance in subobscura than in robusta.2. Comparison of the percentage regression coefficients of dimensions on latitude or temperature shows that individual dimensions change more rapidly in proportion to both geographical indices in subobscura, but the ratio of wing to thorax length ?changes more rapidly in robusta.3. The ‘environmental’ regression of dimension on temperature of rearing in the laboratory, measured only for robusta, is very much higher than the corresponding genetic regression between populations on mean annual temperature for all the robusta dimensions and different in sign for head and thorax size. But this environ mental regression is uniformly only about twice as high as the corresponding genetic regression for each character in subobscura. Unexpectedly, the environmental and genetic regressions on temperature of the wing/thorax length ratio are equal in robusta.4. D. subobscura is about 20% smaller in head and thorax size, and 26% less in wing width, than robusta, when both species are reared at 18° C.5. The basic within-culture variances of the five dimensions are 50–100% greater in subobscura than in robusta for all dimensions. Variability in D. melanogaster is about the same as in D. robusta.Some of the possible implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization and wing description of Vespa orientalis orientalis queens

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Hossam Abou-Shaara
Keyword(s):  
Fore Wing ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Vespa Orientalis ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Tibia Length

Oriental hornets, Vespa orientalis, are dangerous enemy to bee colonies in some countries of the world. There are more than one subspecies of V. orientalis. Few studies have investigated the morphological characteristics of these subspecies. Morphological characterization can help in confirming and discriminating between the subspecies, and to follow any changes in their morphology over time. In this study, some body characteristics of V. orientalis orientalis queens from Egypt were measured including head width, fore wing length and width, hind wing length and width, femur length, tibia length and approximate stinger length. Also, fore wing characteristics using wing coordinates for 20 landmarks were studied. Computer based techniques were applied to take these measurements. The data of the current study can be utilized for comparisons with other subspecies.

scholarly journals Technology and machine parameters for preparing the soil for sowing cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04046
Author(s):  
Sanjar Toshtemirov ◽  
Serobjon Mustafayev ◽  
Alham Xo'jayev ◽  
Isomiddin Mamatkulov ◽  
Farrukh Boboev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Input ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Longitudinal Plane ◽  
Design Scheme ◽  
Minimum Power Consumption ◽  
Wing Width ◽  
Soil Preparation

The study aims to justify the design scheme and main parameters of the combined aggregate for soil preparation for cotton sowing on ridges. The authors have developed the technology of soil preparation for cotton sowing on ridges and the aggregate for its implementation. The technology and design scheme of the developed aggregate are presented. The unit consists of a mouldboard deep loosener with a sloping rack and a ridge maker. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The optimum constructive scheme of combined aggregate is grounded. It was established that to provide formation of new ridges instead of existing ones on fields without stems of cotton with the required degree with minimum power consumption working surfaces of inclined deep looseners equipped with mouldboards and rippers should be turned to each other and shifted relative to each other in a longitudinal plane. The formation of ridges to the required degree with minimal energy input is ensured at a width and length of the subsoiler's chisel, respectively 5 and 20 cm, the width of the wing width 21 cm, wing length between 47 and 49 cm, minimum longitudinal spacing between subsoilers 35 cm.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION OF FRUIT TRAITS AMONG NATURAL POPULATIONS OF TERMINALIA PANICULATA ROTHIN SOUTHERN WESTERN GHATS, PENINSULAR INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanal C. Viswanath ◽  
Sinny Francis ◽  
Jijesh CM ◽  
Hrideek T. K
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Reconnaissance Survey ◽  
Wing Width ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Terminalia Paniculata

A reconnaissance survey was conducted in Southern Western Ghats, India to identify the wild populations of Terminalia paniculata. From the explorative survey, 16 natural populations from different localities of the study area were identified. Collected 36 fruits from each tree and fruit trait quantification of total 3456 fruits (36 x 16 x 6) from 16 populations were used for the study. Hierarchical clustering of selected populations and correlations among fruit traits and between tree traits and fruit traits visualised using a dendrogram. The results indicated significant differences in fruit traits like fruit fresh mass, fruit large wing length and fruit large wing width. Clustering of fruit characters for all the accessions revealed the genetic relatedness between accessions. It reveals that selected populations of T. paniculata belong to two major clusters and confirms that 16 populations are either adjacent or distant in-terms of fruit traits are independent of the geographical station. The relationship between fruit traits indicates a significant positive correlation between fruit traits ranging from 0.352 to 0.739. Even though fruit traits show significant correlation within, a non-significant and very week correlation was obtained with tree stand-up traits except tree girth with fruit large wing length (21.4 %).

scholarly journals Coenzyme Q10 Insufficiency Contributes to the Duration and Frequency of Seizures in Epileptic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Leila Simani ◽  
◽  
Omidvar Rezaei ◽  
Fari Ryan ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Coq10 Deficiency ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
The Impact

ntroduction: Oxidative stress has recently emerged as a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a strong endogenous antioxidant that protects cells from lipid oxidation and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production; however, the impact of CoQ10 on seizure characteristics in epileptic patients is unclear. Methods: The current study enrolled patients with Epileptic Seizure (ES) to evaluate their serum concentration of CoQ10 and to investigate whether a relationship exists between CoQ10 levels with the duration, frequency, and type of seizure. Results: A total of 39 patients with epileptic seizures and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. The levels of CoQ10 in ES patients were significantly lower in comparison with healthy controls (11.99±5.93 vs (ng/ml). 16.48±4.20 (ng/ml) P<0.001). We also found that the duration of epilepsy and seizure frequency was negatively correlated with serum CoQ10 levels. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CoQ10 deficiency might substantially contribute to the clinical signs of epileptic patients.

scholarly journals Beyaz ve Kahverengi Varyetelerine Göre Japon Bıldırcın’larının (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Canlı Ağırlık ve Zoometrik Yapılarının Belirlenmesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035-2040
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ziya Oğrak ◽  
Abdullah Özbilgin ◽  
Recep Gümüş ◽  
Milivoje Uroševıć
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Sternum Length

This study was carried out to determine some zoometric measurements and body weights in two different varieties of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), white and brown. For this purpose, live weights and variables of twelve different body measurements were evaluated in 30 white and brown varieties (15 males, 15 females), a total of 60 six-week-old quails housed under the same nutritional and environmental conditions. Although higher values were obtained in terms of average body weights at six weeks of age compared to many of the literature reports, there was no difference in terms of the two-color varieties compared in this study, while females were found to be significantly heavier than males. While white quails had higher values than brown ones in terms of head width, beak width, beak length, sternum length, tarsus length and wing length, females had higher values in live weight, body length, chest circumference and tarsus diameter variables according to gender. Positive correlations were found between body weights of six-week-old Japanese quails and the variables of skull length, body length, sternum length, middle finger length, wing length, chest circumference and tarsus diameter. Considering the fact that the consumption of quail will increase for the spread of quail breeding, it can be recommended to carry out more comprehensive studies on the factors that will enable people to prefer quail in nutrition.

scholarly journals Using micro-morphological fruit characters in resolving some of ambiguities in Iranian Acer L. (Sapindaceae) species

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
FATEMEH ASADI ◽  
FARIBA SHARIFNIA ◽  
FAHIMEH SALIMPOUR ◽  
AHMAD MAJD ◽  
AHMAD MAJD
Keyword(s):  
Wing Length ◽  
Wing Margin ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Wing Width ◽  
Fruit Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Asadi F, Sharifnia F, Salimpour F, Majd A. 2019. Using micro-morphological fruit characters in resolving some of ambiguities in Iranian Acer L. (Sapindaceae) species. Biodiversitas 20: 297-304. Acer L. belongs to the Sapindaceae family consists of 126 species which are distributed in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. There are 12 taxa (including Acer monspessulanum with four subspecies and Acer velutinum with two varieties) in Iran. In this study 21 fruit characteristics are partially investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Stereomicroscope. According to the obtained results, four types of faveolate, folded, wrinkled and pavement wing surface ornamentations as well as four types of faveolate, folded, verrucous, and wrinkled achene surface ornamentations were observed. Hair of wing margin, achene hair, wing ornamentation, inside angle of wing, and outside angle of wing have taxonomic value. According to fruit morphology, separation of 4 subspecies of A. monspessulanum can be verified. Also varieties of A. velutinum var. velutinum, and A. velutinum var. glabrescens were totally separated due to differences in characteristics such as wing ornamentation, achene ornamentation, hair density of achene, wing length, wing width, the ratio of length to width of wing, total fruit length, total fruit width, the ratio of length to width of fruit, inside angle of wing, outside angle of wing. The results showed that micro-morphological fruit characters of Acer genus are valuable in terms of taxonomy and classification of subspecies level.

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