Multifunctional fiber-optic sensors for space infrastructure

Sensors used in rocket and space technology are subject to extreme external influences in terms of temperature, vibration, and shock. Therefore, the choice of the type of sensors is justified precisely by the resistance to such factors, as well as the ability to ensure the temporal and parametric stability of measurements. A new type of sensors – fiber-optic ones – meets these conditions. The basis for the selection and further improvement of such sensors were such requirements as minimum power consumption, high accuracy and stability of measurements, the ability to combine several measurements in one sensor. It is noted that for space infrastructure the factor of the possibility of simultaneous measurement of several parameters with one sensor is one of the important quality indicators. This is due to the possibility of reducing the number of sensors themselves, which reduces the mass and size parameters of space technology. This applies, first of all, to measurements of pressure and temperature, since they, in aggregate, account for at least 40 % of all measurements in space products. The path of choos-ing the types of methods and sensor designs led to the combination of the amplitude conversion method and optical communication in one sensor. In this case, amplitude modulation of pressure and temperature is carried out by a microelec-tromechanical unit (module), and the modulated optical signal is transmitted by an optical module. Such a modular composition of the sensor makes it possible to dispense with optical ana-lyzers (interrogators) and carry out further pro-cessing based on standard interfaces. A limitation of the proposed methods and designs is the need for microelectromechanical structures that measure certain physical quantities. Such structures for fiber-optic sensors are not mass-produced; therefore, their manufacture can be established at instrument-making enterprises with microelectronic equipment

Estimation of power consumption when trapping finely-dispersed particles in a separator with coaxially-arranged pipes

This article sets out to estimate power consumption when trapping finely-dispersed particles of silicon dioxide using a separator with coaxially-arranged pipes, as well as the efficiency of such an installation. To this end, a numerical simulation of the movement of a gas flow with finely-dispersed particles of silicon dioxide through a separator with coaxial pipes was carried out in the ANSYS Fluent software. During the experiments, the inlet gas flow rate varied from 5 to 10 m/s, while the width and height of the rectangular slit ranged 2.1-8.7 and 10-30 mm, respectively. It was shown that the maximum efficiency of collecting finely-dispersed silicon dioxide particles and the minimum power consumption required for pumping the gas flow through the installation largely depends on the formation of a stable vortex structure in the interpipe space. The research showed that the optimal inlet gas flow rate equals 7.5 m/s. At this rate, the efficiency of particle collection corresponds to higher rates with a devia tion of ± 6%. In this case, the pressure loss is 1.74 times lower than that at higher rates. In order to achieve an efficiency of at least 90% with the height of the rectangular slit from 10 to 30 mm, the Stokes numbers must correspond to values of more than 50. The power consumption required for pumping a gas containing silicon dioxide particles through a separator equipped with coaxial pipes comprises from 1.9 to 31.2 W at the inlet gas flow rate of 7.5 m/s. In this case, the parameters of the rectangular slit are as follows: width - from 2.1 to 8.7 mm, height - from 10 to 30 mm. The use of separators with coaxially-arranged pipes in technological lines based on plasma technologies can become an alternative to installations for fine gas purification.

Design and implementation of high-speed and low-power consumption Moore-based loopback adder on FPGA

PurposeFinite impulse response (FIR) digital filters are a general element in several digital signal processing (DSP) systems. In VLSI platform, FIR is a developing filter because the complexity of design grows with the length of the FIR filter and also it has less latency. Generally, the FIR filter is designed dominated by the multiplier and adder. The conventional FIR filters occupy more area because of several numbers of adders and multipliers for filter designs.Design/methodology/approachTo overcome this issue, the Vedic Multiplier (VM) and Moore-based LoopBack Adder (MLBA) approach-based optimal FIR filter were designed in this research. Normally, the coefficient has been generated manually, which performs the FIR filter operation. So, the coefficient was generated from the MATLAB filter design and analysis tool. All pass coefficient was introduced in this research, which performs the processing element (PE). The VM approach was utilized in the PE to multiply the filter inputs and coefficients. This research employs the Moore-based LBA (MLBA) in the accumulator for the adding output of the PE. An MLBA approach is a significantly reduced area and increases speed by applying a looping transform function. Here, the proposed method is called a VM-MLBA-FIR filter. In this research, the FIR filter was done in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Xilinx by using Verilog code on various Virtex devices.FindingsThe experiment results showed that VM-MLBA-FIR filter reduced 26.88% of device utilization and 0.32 W of minimum power consumption compared to the existing PSA-FIR filter.Originality/valueThe experiment results showed that VM-MLBA-FIR filter reduced 26.88% of device utilization and 0.32 W of minimum power consumption compared to the existing PSA-FIR filter.

Technology and machine parameters for preparing the soil for sowing cotton

The study aims to justify the design scheme and main parameters of the combined aggregate for soil preparation for cotton sowing on ridges. The authors have developed the technology of soil preparation for cotton sowing on ridges and the aggregate for its implementation. The technology and design scheme of the developed aggregate are presented. The unit consists of a mouldboard deep loosener with a sloping rack and a ridge maker. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The optimum constructive scheme of combined aggregate is grounded. It was established that to provide formation of new ridges instead of existing ones on fields without stems of cotton with the required degree with minimum power consumption working surfaces of inclined deep looseners equipped with mouldboards and rippers should be turned to each other and shifted relative to each other in a longitudinal plane. The formation of ridges to the required degree with minimal energy input is ensured at a width and length of the subsoiler's chisel, respectively 5 and 20 cm, the width of the wing width 21 cm, wing length between 47 and 49 cm, minimum longitudinal spacing between subsoilers 35 cm.

Estimation of Rational Modes and Regimes of Production of Sod Peat with Milling-Forming Machine by Quality Indicators

Modern trends in designing mining machines dictate that their power consumption should be reduced. However, the end product quality is often not taken into account. The objective of the research is to improve the operation of a screw press of the milling and moulding machine used for producing sod peat in order to ensure the necessary quality of domestic fuel. To that end, the authors conducted an experiment simulating the sod peat production and determined the density and strength of the sod obtained during the improved machine operation. The experiments were carried out for the three pressure coefficients, further, the coefficient influence on the sod density and strength was evaluated. The sod peat density was assessed with modern electronic devices having a low error rate. The novelty of the research is to reconcile the issues of ensuring the minimum power consumption for producing domestic sod biofuel with its qualitative characteristics. The obtained indicators of the sod peat quality in terms of density and strength prove its improved moulding along with the minimum power consumption at a pressure coefficient of 2.22. Thus, the improved production of sod peat requires minimum power consumption, provides the required quality of the end sod and reduces the loss of feedstock due to crumbling.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Energy Efficient 8-Bit ALU At Ultra Low Supply Voltages Using FinFET With 20nm Technology

ince last few years, the tiny size of MOSFET, that is less than tens of nanometers, created some operational problems such as increased gate-oxide leakage, amplified junction leakage, high sub-threshold conduction, and reduced output resistance. To overcome the above challenges, FinFET has the advantages of an increase in the operating speed, reduced power consumption, decreased static leakage current is used to realize the majority of the applications by replacing MOSFET. By considering the attractive features of the FinFET, an ALU is designed as an application. In the digital processor, the arithmetic and logical operations are executed using the Arithmetic logic unit (ALU). In this paper, power efficient 8-bit ALU is designed with Full adder (FA) and multiplexers composed of Gate diffusion input (GDI) which gained designer's choice for digital combinational circuit realization at minimum power consumption. The design is simulated using Cadence virtuoso with 20nm technology. Comparative performance analysis is carried out in contrast to the other standard circuits by taking the critical performance metrics such as delay, power, and power delay product (PDP), energy-delay product (EDP) metrics into consideration.

Effect of H/D ratio and impeller type on power consumption of agitator in continuous stirred tank reactor for nitrocellulose production from cotton linter and nitric acid

In this study, the effect of height/diameter (H/D) ratio and type of impeller on the power consumption of the agitator in the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) was analyzed. CSTR in the process of producing nitrocellulose from cotton linters with a production capacity of 10,000 tons/year was used as a case study. In designing a CSTR, power consumption is also considered because it is related to techno-economics. The results show that it is necessary to adjust the amount of impeller related to the H/D ratio value because it can affect the level of liquid in the reactor during the stirring process so that it also affects the reaction conversion. This work shows that with the higher H/D ratio, the greater number of impellers needed and increase the agitator power consumption. For specific applications, the number of impellers (NT) must be increased to meet the minimum power consumption. As the result, this work recommends the optimal H/D ratio for CSTR design is the maximum H/D ratio to get the NT-calculation as close as to the NT-taken while satisfying the minimum power consumption required. The optimal H/D ratio can be different depending on the impeller type and application.

Concurrent Ternary Galois-based Computation using Nano-apex Multiplexing Nibs of Regular Three-dimensional Networks, Part I: Basics

New implementations within concurrent processing using three-dimensional lattice networks via nano carbon-based field emission controlled-switching is introduced in this article. The introduced nano-based three-dimensional networks utilize recent findings in nano-apex field emission to implement the concurrent functionality of lattice networks. The concurrent implementation of ternary Galois functions using nano threedimensional lattice networks is performed by using carbon field-emission switching devices via nano-apex carbon fibers and nanotubes. The presented work in this part of the article presents important basic background and fundamentals with regards to lattice computing and carbon field-emission that will be utilized within the follow-up works in the second and third parts of the article. The introduced nano-based three-dimensional lattice implementations form new and important directions within three-dimensional design in nanotechnologies that require optimal specifications of high regularity, predictable timing, high testability, fault localization, self-repair, minimum size, and minimum power consumption.

Multicast routing strategy for SDN-cluster based MANET

The energy limitation and frequent movement of the mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) nodes (i.e., devices) make the routing process very difficult. The multicast routing problem is one of the NP-complete problems. Therefore, the need for a new power-aware approach to select an optimum multicast path with minimum power consumption that can enhance the performance and increase the lifetime of MANET has become urgent. Software defined network (SDN) is a new technique that can solve many problems of the traditional networks by dividing the architecture into data part and control part. This paper presents three power-aware multicast routing strategies for MANET. First one called a Reactive Multicast routing strategy for cluster based MANET by using SDN (RMCMS), second one called proactive multicast routing strategy for cluster based MANET by using SDN (PMCMS) and third one represents modification of PMCMS called M-PMCMS. Moreover, it produces a new mathematical model to build a multicast tree with minimum power consumption and takes into account the remaining power in each node. All proposed multicast strategies operate based on this mathematical model and aim to maximize the MANET lifetime by exploiting the advantages of SDN and clustering concepts. They consider the multicast tree with minimum power consumption as an optimal one. The simulation results illustrated that RMCMS is better than PMCMS, M-PMCMS, and MAODV in terms of power consumption and network overhead while M-PMCMS is the best one in terms of dropped packets ratio (DPR) and average end to end (E2E) delay.